Deck 11: Families and Society

Question 1

Which of the following is when a person has one spouse at a time?

A)polyandry
B)monogamy
C)polygamy
D)polygyny

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Maddy is married to Deja, their marriage is an example of which of the following?

A)monogamy
B)polyandry
C)polygamy
D)polygyny

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In feudal Europe and Asia, which of the following marriage patterns was most common?

A)open marriages
B)polygyny
C)polyandry
D)monogamy

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In preindustrial societies, which of the following marriage patterns was most common?

A)open marriages
B)polygyny
C)polyandry
D)monogamy

Question 5

Anti-miscegenation laws were aimed at promoting which type of marriage?

A)endogamous
B)heterosexual
C)monogamous
D)polygamous

Question 6

Javon is married to Janelle and Robyn.Which of the following describes their relationship?

A)common law
B)polyandrous
C)polygynous
D)serial monogamous

Question 7

Which of the following groups is least likely to marry outside their own race or ethnicity?

A)Asian Americans
B)Hispanics
C)Black Americans
D)White Americans

Question 8

Which of the following is a culturally normative relationship, usually between two individuals, that provides a framework for economic cooperation, emotional intimacy, and sexual relations?

A)monogamy
B)marriage
C)family
D)friendship

Question 9

In postindustrial societies, serial monogamy describes which of the following?

A)marriage to more than one person
B)divorce and remarriage
C)extramarital affairs
D)marriage to only one person

Question 10

Prior to 1967, miscegenation was considered ______.

A)endogamous
B)polygamy
C)a felony
D)serial monogamy

Question 11

Which of the following is a form a marriage in which women can have multiple husbands?

A)polygyny
B)polygamy
C)polyandry
D)monogamy

Question 12

According to the text, which group is more likely to marry outside of their race?

A)Black Americans
B)White Americans
C)Asian Americans
D)American Indians

Question 13

Families characterized by parents living with their biological children and apart from other kin are referred to as ______.

A)traditional
B)biological
C)nuclear
D)extended

Question 14

Marriages may be legitimized by which of the following?

A)legal authorities only
B)religious and legal authorities only
C)religious authorities, legal authorities, and cultural norms
D)cultural norms only

Question 15

William and Tom have been married for 2 years and both come from wealthy families.Their class and their marriage are an example of ______.

A)polyandry
B)polygamy
C)miscegany
D)endogamy

Question 16

Polygyny and polyandry are both categorized under which type of relationship?

A)monogamy
B)polygamy
C)endogamy
D)serial monogamy

Question 17

Sandra is married to Tim and Brian.Which of the following describes their relationship?

A)common law
B)polyandrous
C)polygynous
D)serial monogamous

Question 18

When two or more people live together and have a legally or normatively recognized relationship, this is an example of which of the following social institutions?

A)adoption
B)marriage
C)family
D)household

Question 19

Sam is Black and Andrea is White, their marriage would have been illegal before 1967 due to which of the following?

A)anti-miscegenation laws
B)the Edmunds Act
C)the Defense of Marriage Act
D)Loving v.Virginia

Question 20

Zara lives with her parents and her grandparents.This is an example of what type of family?

A)nuclear
B)extended
C)kinfolk
D)traditional

Question 21

Talcott Parsons posited that men are socialized into ______ roles in the public sphere.

A)expressive
B)instrumental
C)submissive
D)extended

Question 22

Which of the following is characteristic of Jessie Bernard's concept of his-and-her marriages?

A)Women are expected to define themselves as burdened and constrained.
B)Marriage allocates social roles in ways that liberate men and subjugate women.
C)Husband and wife experience similar marriages.
D)Men are expected to define themselves as fulfilled by marriage.

Question 23

What is a criticism of the feminist perspective and other conflict-oriented perspectives of marriage and family?

A)It ignores the power differentials in a relationship where one party is economically dependent on the other.
B)It may overlook the valuable functions of socializing and organizing that families have long performed and continue to perform in society.
C)It ignores family dysfunctions.
D)It may overlook the ways in which gender fundamentally affects the experience of marriage.

Question 24

According to Talcott Parsons, which type of roles were created by the "factory of personalities?"

A)unequal
B)egalitarian
C)complementary
D)dysfunctional

Question 25

Bernard's analysis showed that ______ scored the highest on stress indicators.

A)unmarried women and unmarried men
B)married women and married men
C)unmarried women and married men
D)married women and unmarried men

Question 26

Writing in the 1950s, what was one of Talcott Parson's concerns about the family?

A)Parsons was concerned that women would fail to achieve greater economic independence.
B)Parsons was concerned that the disruption of traditional roles would cause dysfunctions for the family and society.
C)Parsons was concerned that unhappy spouses would continue to be stuck in dysfunctional marriages due to divorce laws.
D)Parsons was concerned that traditional marriage would continue to perpetuate gender inequality.

Question 27

In which of the following areas are extended families most common?

A)Northern Europe
B)Western Europe
C)Central America
D)Canada

Question 28

Women being relegated to homemakers while men obtain wealth, status, and independence is an example of which phenomenon?

A)cohabitation
B)personality stabilization
C)common-law marriage
D)sexual division of labor

Question 29

According to a major study of 127,545 American adults, men who have marital partners live ______ than men without spouses.

A)shorter
B)just as long
C)longer
D)10 years longer

Question 30

In which of the following areas are nuclear families most common?

A)Central America
B)Latin America
C)Southern Europe
D)Western Europe

Question 31

Which of the following is a characteristic of "her marriage" according to Bernard?

A)Women may define themselves as burdened and constrained.
B)Women may experience authority, independence, and a right to the sexual, domestic, and emotional support of their husbands.
C)Women may seek to define themselves through their achievement of marriage.
D)Women may free themselves from dependence and subjugation through marriage.

Question 32

Which of the following is a feminist critique of marriage?

A)It gives men privileged access to the rewards of capitalism.
B)It ensures women are taken care of and protected.
C)Traditional gender roles promote a stable economy.
D)It provides purpose and meaning for women's lives.

Question 33

Which of the following is characteristic of "his marriage" according to Bernard?

A)Men may seek to define themselves through their achievement of marriage.
B)Men may experience dependence and subjugation.
C)Men may seek to define themselves through their achievement of supporting a large family.
D)Men may definite themselves as burdened and constrained.

Question 34

Contrary to Bernard's analysis, some studies show that women who are married are ______ to experience depression compared to women who are not married.

A)guaranteed
B)as likely
C)more likely
D)less likely

Question 35

What is a major criticism of the functionalist perspective of families and marriage?

A)It ignores the power differentials in a relationship where one party is economically dependent on the other.
B)It fails to acknowledge the role of socialization in family and marriage.
C)It underemphasizes the economic, social, and cultural functions of the family.
D)It focuses too much on family dysfunctions.

Question 36

Talcott Parsons posited that women are socialized into ______ roles as mothers and wives.

A)privileged
B)dominant
C)instrumental
D)expressive

Question 37

Personality stabilization is particularly important in which type of family?

A)nuclear
B)extended
C)traditional
D)Native American

Question 38

The phenomenon of dividing of production functions by gender and designating different spheres of activity to women and men is referred to as which of the following?

A)sexual division of labor
B)gender roles
C)personality stabilization
D)cohabitation

Question 39

Bernard's work gives us the opportunity to look at marriage as a(n) ______ institution.

A)gendered
B)failed
C)egalitarian
D)intersectional

Question 40

Trayvon lives at home with his brother, sister, mother, and father.This is an example of what type of family?

A)extended
B)nuclear
C)endogamous
D)kinfolk

Question 41

According to Nancy Chodorow, women are socialized to be ______, seeking close bonds and defining themselves through relationships.

A)independent
B)relational
C)privileged
D)submissive

Question 42

According to historian Stephanie Coontz, the nuclear family is which of the following?

A)a product of the preindustrial era
B)a product of the passage of child labor laws
C)a product of the Great Depression
D)a fairly recent phenomenon

Question 43

According to Nancy Chodrow, which of the following is true of mothers and daughters?

A)Mothers have a stronger initial bond with daughters.
B)After infancy, mothers push daughters away emotionally.
C)Through early socialization, daughters come to identify more fully with their mothers than their fathers.
D)The feminine personalities of daughters draw more from societal modes of femininity than from their mothers.

Question 44

Historian Stephanie Koontz argues that divorce is driven in part by our powerful attachment to the belief that marriage is ______.

A)a sacrifice
B)an outdated practice
C)primarily an economic or social contract
D)the outcome of romantic love

Question 45

Living together as a couple as if married but without the formal legal paperwork of marriage is referred to as ______.

A)polygamy
B)closed marriage
C)cohabitation
D)open marriage

Question 46

Which of the following is true of cohabitation?

A)It has declined in popularity in recent decades.
B)It is illegal in some conservative states.
C)More older adults are choosing to cohabitate.
D)An estimated three quarters of never-married young adults cohabitate.

Question 47

Which of the following was NOT true of the Defense of Marriage Act?

A)It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in 1996.
B)It forced states to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states.
C)It defined marriage as a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife.
D)Its language was used by many states that also rejected same-sex marriage.

Question 48

Which of the following is true of marriage in the United States?

A)On average, women are older than men at their first marriage.
B)People are choosing to get married earlier in life.
C)The U.S.marriage rate exceeds that of most other modern societies.
D)Rates of marriage have increased.

Question 49

How has the marriage market shifted?

A)There are more unmarried young adult women than unmarried young adult men.
B)There are fewer employed young adult men than young adult women.
C)The marriage rate among young LGBT adults has decreased.
D)The legalization of same-sex marriage has had a massive effect on the marriage rate in the United States.

Question 50

Which of the following was true of the post-World War II era in the United States?

A)The extended family became more common.
B)Minorities finally gained full access to the government's subsidized mortgages.
C)The economic conditions of many Black families and their neighborhoods improved.
D)Jobs followed White workers to the suburbs.

Question 51

What was the median age at first marriage for men in 2017?

A)22
B)24.5
C)29.5
D)36

Question 52

Which of the following is true regarding attitudes about marriage among millenials?

A)There is an increasing sense that marriage is a necessary part of the adult life course.
B)Young adults tend to value marriage over parenthood.
C)Cohabitation is not generally seen as a viable alternative to marriage.
D)Most millenials say that they would like to get married.

Question 53

According to Nancy Chodorow, men define themselves as ______ and have a harder time forming close bonds.

A)emotional
B)irrational
C)relational
D)autonomous

Question 54

Which decision asserts that states must allow same-sex couples to marry and that they must recognize same-sex marriages from other states?

A)Loving v.Virginia
B)The Defense of Marriage Act
C)Obergefell v.Hodges
D)Class v.United States

Question 55

Which of the following contributed to the growth of single-person households?

A)the rising median age of first marriage
B)the declining median age of first marriage
C)the rising marriage rate
D)the decreasing median income

Question 56

What was the median age at first marriage for women in 2017?

A)22.2
B)25.2
C)27.4
D)32.6

Question 57

According to Nancy Chodorow, masculinity may develop, in part, as a negation and marginalization of qualities associated with ______.

A)masculinity
B)femininity
C)androgyny
D)monogamy

Question 58

Which of the following is true of divorce in the United States?

A)The United States has also experienced an increase in divorce.
B)After rising in the 1960s and 1970s, the rate of divorce has leveled off.
C)The United States has one of the lowest divorce rates in the world.
D)The divorce rate for second and later marriages is lower than for first marriages.

Question 59

Which of the following is true of economic concerns that have contributed to declining marriage rates in the United States?

A)Young people have low financial literacy, which is affecting their willingness or ability to start families.
B)Young people are experiencing age discrimination in the workplace, which is affecting their willingness or ability to start families.
C)All types of debt have risen, which is affecting the willingness or ability of young adults to start families.
D)Students have higher student debt, which is affecting the willingness or ability of young adults to start families.

Question 60

According to Nancy Chodorow, which of the following is true of mothering and biology?

A)Biology can fully explain mothering.
B)Biology cannot fully explain mothering, because fathers or other kin can perform key mothering functions as well.
C)Biology cannot fully explain mothering, because some mothers are not good mothers.
D)Socialization fully explains mothering.

Question 61

The rise in median age for marriage means that most people are first getting married in their 40s.

Question 62

Which of the following is true of childcare?

A)Most of today's stay-at-home mothers are single or cohabitating.
B)Increasing numbers of mothers are staying home to care for children.
C)Fewer fathers are assuming the primary childcare role in the home.
D)Public attitudes about men as primary caregivers are largely supportive.

Question 63

In most preindustrial cultures, polyandry was far more common than polygyny.

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Native American families?

A)close family ties extending across multiple generations
B)high levels of caregiving for elderly relatives
C)higher value on the individual rather than the collective
D)high levels of caregiving by elderly relatives for young children

Question 65

Use your sociological imagination to define and explain the phenomenon of serial monogamy in the United States.

Question 66

Polygamist practices are not legally recognized in the United States.

Question 67

Anti-miscegenation laws were ruled unconstitutional in the United States in 1967.

Question 68

Middle-class families have a strong commitment to constructive and active child-rearing.

Question 69

International families and transnational families embody the same characteristics.

Question 70

International families are the result of ______.

A)colonization
B)traveling
C)globalization
D)transnationalism

Question 71

Many immigrant families encourage their children to marry outside of their race.

Question 72

Talcott Parsons argued that distinct sex roles clarified the social status of the family by being derived from the male's social position.

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT true of domestic violence?

A)We do not have any reliable estimates of the prevalence of domestic violence.
B)Abused partners or children are generally reluctant to come forward.
C)Courts are hesitant to intervene in what are often perceived as family matters.
D)It was rarely studied until three or four decades ago.

Question 74

What percentage of individuals in the U.S.labor force do not hold a 4-year degree.

A)50%
B)70%
C)30%
D)27%

Question 75

Which parenting style is most used by middle-class families?

A)natural growth
B)authoritarian
C)authoritative
D)concerted cultivation

Question 76

In many societies, most marriages are not endogamous.

Question 77

According to some studies, which of the following is characteristic of working-class or low-income child-rearing styles?

A)valuing initiative
B)teaching critical-thinking skills
C)directly nurturing development and learning
D)issuing directives rather than explanations

Question 78

Eighty-five percent of deaf people choose to marry others who share their language and culture, thereby practicing ______.

A)endogamy
B)exogamy
C)homogamy
D)androgyny

Question 79

Nancy Chodorow drew from Freud's object relations perspective.

Question 80

Which of the following is NOT an example of transnationalism?

A)immigrants sending money to relatives in their countries of origin
B)living, working, worshiping, and being politically active in one nation while still maintaining strong ties to other nations
C)new norms being readily embraced by immigrant parents
D)frequent travel between countries