Deck 10: Gender and Society

Question 1

Beliefs and practices that align with hetertosexuality are referred to as ______.

A)gender roles
B)heteronormative
C)gender norms
D)heterosexist

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which generation is least likely to accept same-sex marriage?

A)millennials
B)generation X
C)generation Y
D)baby boomers

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding screen time among young people?

A)On average, the time young people spend in front of screens has decreased.
B)On average, children under 7 spend more time in front of a screen than children ages 8-12.
C)On average, among children under 7, playing video games makes up the largest share of screen time.
D)On average, children are watching less television than in the past.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In a linguistic analysis of classic and contemporary Disney films, Guo (2016) found that female characters in classic films were ______ in contemporary movies.

A)less likely to speak than
B)more likely to speak than
C)just as likely to speak as
D)more likely to sing than to speak

Question 5

Which of the following is sometimes referred to as the factory of gendered personalities?

A)family
B)peer groups
C)religion
D)the workplace

Question 6

How early do sociologists believe parents begin socializing their children into gender?

A)at birth, sometimes even in utero
B)when they begin to talk
C)when they begin school
D)in adolescence

Question 7

Girls are generally expected to be sweet, whereas boys are generally expected to be aggressive.In complying to these expectations, girls and boys are fulfilling which of the following?

A)gender expressions
B)gender roles
C)heterosexism
D)gender identities

Question 8

People whose gender identity, expression, or behavior differs from their assigned sex at birth or outside the two gender categories may be categorized as ______.

A)cisgender
B)bisexual
C)androgynous
D)transgender

Question 9

Research on elementary school playgroups has found which of the following?

A)Girls often play in smaller groups, playing games that involve imitation and turn taking.
B)Girls often play in larger groups, playing games that involve imitation and turn taking.
C)Girls often play in smaller groups, playing rule-governed games that occur over larger physical distances.
D)Girls often play in larger groups, playing rule-governed games that occur over larger physical distances.

Question 10

Sex is defined as which of the following?

A)norms, roles, and behaviors associated in a given society with being male or female
B)the anatomical or other biological differences between males and females that originate in human genes
C)the attitudes and behaviors considered appropriately masculine or feminine in a particular culture
D)encompassing sexual identity, attraction, and relationships

Question 11

Gender is defined as which of the following?

A)the anatomical or other biological differences between males and females that originate in human genes
B)a category assigned to someone depending on how they dress
C)norms, roles, and behaviors associated in a given society with being male or female
D)the socially required identification display that confirms someone's membership in a given category

Question 12

______ is the way in which people construct their sexual desires, attractions, and relationships, including the norms of sexual behavior.

A)Sexuality
B)Gender expression
C)Gender
D)Gender roles

Question 13

Which of the following is true of peer influences in gender socialization?

A)The actions and judgments of our peers have little effect on how we enact gender roles.
B)Friendship patterns and peer pressure tend to challenge gender stereotypes.
C)Playing more often in same-sex peer groups tends to affirm stereotypes more acutely among girls than boys.
D)Playing more often in same-sex peer groups tends to affirm stereotypes more than playing more often in mixed peer groups.

Question 14

Acceptance of same-sex marriage among millennials is ______.

A)92%
B)71%
C)53%
D)24%

Question 15

Which of the following is true of gender and sex?

A)Gender is a dynamic concept, but sex is solely biological.
B)Sex is a dynamic concept, but gender is solely biological.
C)Gender and sex are not solely biological, they are both dynamic concepts.
D)Gender and sex are solely biological.

Question 16

Children's books tend to promote what type of gender socialization?

A)egalitarian
B)traditional
C)gender-neutral
D)cross-gender

Question 17

Media images often portray men as ______.

A)highly sexualized
B)aggressive
C)deceitful
D)domestic

Question 18

Media images often portray women as ______.

A)aggressive
B)analytical
C)catty
D)strong

Question 19

______ is a term used to refer to an individuals who used surgery and hormones to change their sex to align with their gender identity.

A)Transgender
B)Homosexual
C)Transexual
D)Heterosexual

Question 20

In a study of G-rated movies between 1990 and 2005, researchers found that heterosexuality outside of relationships is constructed through which of the following?

A)portrayals of men gazing desirously at female bodies
B)portrayals of women gazing desirously at male bodies
C)portrayals of men yearning for companionship
D)portrayals of men yearning for companionship

Question 21

Which of the following is true of the household division of labor?

A)Women are no longer primarily responsible for domestic work in most two-parent households.
B)Unmarried women who live with men do more domestic work than married women.
C)Geography has little effect on the household division of labor.
D)The household labor division is more likely to be equal among lesbian and gay couples.

Question 22

How do many sociologists explain gender inequality in society?

A)by noting that women are physically weaker than men
B)by noting that women are less aggressive than men
C)by noting that women alone can give birth to and nurse infants
D)by noting that women tend to have little interest in business pursuits

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of the hidden curriculum?

A)student career prospects
B)the values promoted by administrators and teachers
C)textbooks and other classroom materials
D)teaching to the test

Question 24

Karyn works as a school administrator and comes home everyday to cook and clean for her family.The work she does at home is referred to as ______.

A)the second shift
B)overemployment
C)stereotype threat
D)the glass escalator

Question 25

Which of the following is a situation in which an individual is at-risk of conforming to a stereotype based on their social group?

A)gender conforming
B)stereotype threat
C)framing
D)discrimination

Question 26

In their book Failing at Fairness, David Sadker and Myra Saker provide evidence to support which of the following statements?

A)Family influences reflect gender power and position.
B)Peer influences reflect gender power and position.
C)Media influences reflect gender power and position
D)Classroom materials reflect gender power and position.

Question 27

Teachers who discourage shyness in boys but not in girls are contributing to ______.

A)the hidden curriculum
B)peer influences
C)the factory of gendered personalities
D)idealization

Question 28

According to West and Zimmerman, gender is ______.

A)a fixed identity
B)something most people ignore
C)biological
D)something we do

Question 29

In her math class before her exam, Jennifer overhears her teachers saying that girls are not good as math.This is an example of which of the following?

A)sexism
B)class bias
C)gender bias
D)stereotype threat

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of a household device has helped reduce household labor?

A)oven
B)stove
C)swiffer sweeper
D)microwave

Question 31

Which of the following is true of video games?

A)The majority of gamers are female.
B)The percentage of players among the very young has decreased.
C)Studies suggest that popular video games consistently convey stereotypical gender images.
D)Studies suggest that popular video games are less likely to convey stereotypical gender images than other forms of media

Question 32

Which of the following is true of pre-K and elementary teaching?

A)It is still largely male dominated.
B)It is still largely female dominated.
C)It is male dominated, but decreasingly so.
D)It is gender balanced.

Question 33

What percentage of children ages 2-17 play video games?

A)91%
B)74%
C)51%
D)34%

Question 34

In states where women have more labor power, married men ______.

A)are spending less time on domestic tasks than married men in other states
B)spend equal time on domestic tasks than married men in other states
C)are spending more time on domestic tasks than married men in other states
D)are spending more time on domestic tasks than women

Question 35

Which sociologist argued that the social self is a product of social interaction?

A)Candace West
B)Erving Goffman
C)Max Weber
D)Karl Marx

Question 36

Which of the following is true of housework and childcare in the United States?

A)Fewer than 5% of husbands do as much house work as their wives.
B)Attitudes and practices regarding housework and childcare have remained the same since World War II.
C)Women still do the disproportionate share of housework and childcare.
D)Men and women do an equal share of housework and childcare.

Question 37

Which of the following is true of anthropological studies of gender and society?

A)There are societies in which women have greater control over economic and political resources, exercise greater power and authority, or enjoy more prestige than men.
B)No women are equal to men economically, politically, and socially.
C)Most women are equal to men economically, politically, and socially.
D)Inequalities in almost all known societies, past and present, favor men over women.

Question 38

A person's ______ is the socially required identification display that confirms his or her membership in a given category.

A)gender role
B)sex role
C)gender category
D)sex category

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons given to explain why boys outperform girls on the math portion of the SAT?

A)Test items are gender biased, as girls tend not to perform as well as boys on questions involving sports, natural sciences, and business.
B)Girls have been socialized to believe that boys perform better in math.
C)Boys tend to be greater analytical thinkers and generally perform better than girls in math.
D)More girls take the SAT than boys, resulting in more varying levels of achievement.

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of idealization?

A)a young man choosing not to appear smarter than his female date
B)a young man choosing to think the best of his female date
C)a young woman choosing not to appear smarter than her male date
D)a young woman choosing to think the best of her male date

Question 41

The difference between the earnings of women who work full-time year-round as a group and those of men who work full-time year-round as a group is referred to as which of the following?

A)indirect labor costs
B)human capital
C)gender segregation
D)the gender wage gap

Question 42

Which of the following is true of pay within occupations?

A)Within occupational categories, women commonly earn just as much as their male counterparts.
B)In fields where women make up a significant share of all employees, women outearn their male peers.
C)Even when controlling for factors such as rank, age, and specialty, female physicians make less than their male counterparts.
D)Among registered nurses, men earn 90% of women's earnings.

Question 43

What landmark legislation required gender equity for men and women in every educational program receiving federal funding?

A)Equal Rights Amendment
B)Roe v.Wade
C)Civil Rights Act of 1964
D)Title IX

Question 44

Factors that highlight reasons that women or men may prefer a certain occupation are referred to as which of the following?

A)labor supply factors
B)labor demand factors
C)the glass ceiling
D)the glass elevator

Question 45

The cost in time, training, or money incurred when an employee takes off time to care for a sick family member is referred to as which of the following?

A)human capital
B)indirect labor costs
C)cultural capital
D)social costs

Question 46

Why does gender occupational segregation exist and persist?

A)Labor supply factors influence how employers decide to give jobs to females.
B)Labor demand factors indicate that females prefer certain occupations.
C)Males and females are each suited to certain occupations where they tend to perform better.
D)Society continues to stereotype certain occupations as being male or female.

Question 47

The concentration of men and women in certain occupations is known as which of the following?

A)the glass ceiling
B)occupational segregation by gender
C)labor demand factors
D)the gender wage gap

Question 48

Which of the following is a factor that explains the gender wage gap?

A)The proportion of men enrolled in college is higher than women.
B)Women are still associated with the roles of wife and mother.
C)Some employers believe they will incur lower indirect labor costs by hiring females.
D)Women have been encouraged to choose management occupations.

Question 49

Women applying for a job at a construction firm notice that the employer pays little attention to their applications and seems hesitant to set up interviews with them.This is an example of which of the following?

A)human capital
B)wage gap
C)glass escalator
D)occupational segregation by gender

Question 50

______ made unequal pay for equal work illegal.

A)The Equal Pay Amendment of 1972
B)The Equal Pay Act of 1963
C)Title IX
D)The Equal Rights Amendment

Question 51

Sam is the hiring manager at a drywall company.He is hiring two to three new employees.Sam decides to hire all new male employees even though women applied.This is an example of which of the following?

A)the gender wage gap
B)labor demands factors
C)occupational segregation by gender
D)labor supply factors

Question 52

The ideology that states that women's sexual organs are more important than their brains is referred to as which of the following?

A)brain-womb conflict
B)gender equity
C)biological determinism
D)sexism

Question 53

Which of the following is true of higher education and sexual orientation?

A)Gay men are less likely to finish college than heterosexual men.
B)Women are more likely to finish college than gay men.
C)Lesbian women are less likely to complete college than heterosexual women.
D)Lesbian women are more likely to complete college than gay men.

Question 54

Which of the following is one reason that women were discouraged from pursuing higher education in decades and centuries past?

A)Prominent doctors and professors at the time argued that women's reproductive organs prevented them from developing as much intellectual capacity.
B)Women had no interest in pursuing higher education at this time.
C)Women typically did not have high enough test scores to apply to college.
D)Nearly all higher institutions explicitly barred women from applying.

Question 55

One of the goals of Title IX was to ______ women's access to athletic teams and academic clubs.

A)promote
B)increase
C)restrict
D)regulate

Question 56

Which of the following is true of the glass escalator?

A)All men benefit from it equally, regardless of their race.
B)Only men who are unsatisfied with their positions are put on promotional tracks.
C)Bosses assume that males in female-dominated occupations want to move up.
D)Males find it very difficult to advance in female-dominated occupations.

Question 57

A man with strong credentials in elementary education and experience working with young children was rejected for a first-grade teaching position in favor of a less qualified woman.He was rejected despite his greater ______.

A)labor demand
B)labor supply
C)gender role
D)human capital

Question 58

Which of the following is a reason for the college enrollment gap?

A)More men than women leave high school with adequate knowledge.
B)Young women have greater cognitive abilities than young men.
C)Women perceive college as a stepping-stone to a desired job.
D)Men are less successful at securing college loans.

Question 59

Which of the following is true regarding gender and higher education?

A)Today, more men than women hold bachelor's degrees.
B)College enrollment for younger students is predominantly male.
C)Female bachelor's degree holders are increasing at a faster pace than male bachelor's degree holders.
D)Females enroll in college in greater numbers, but fall behind males in obtaining bachelor's degrees.

Question 60

Which type of feminism seeks to challenge patriarchal norms and values in social relationships to achieve true equality?

A)socialist feminism
B)liberal feminism
C)radical feminism
D)multicultural feminism

Question 61

Male characters in movies are often hypersexualized.

Question 62

There are more female characters available than male characters in video games.

Question 63

Gender stratification was a key interest of early sociologists.

Question 64

Which of the following is one of David and Brannon's four "basic rules of manhood"?

A)no "sissy stuff," avoid any hint of femininity
B)be a "sturdy oak," only show strong emotions
C)be a "big deal," show you can help others
D)"don't back down, exude confidence and persistence

Question 65

Which of the following is true of global sex trafficking?

A)It is difficult to ascertain the size of the extent of sex trafficking.
B)Sex trafficking is rare in conservative societies such as India and Pakistan.
C)Police in India, for example, are likely to help young people who are exploited and trafficked.
D)There is little interest in the factors that influence the size of the sex trade in certain developing states.

Question 66

Standpoint epistemology, a philosophical perspective that what we can know is affected by the position we occupy in society, is a major tenet of ______.

A)Black feminist thought
B)Marxist sociology
C)functionalism
D)oppression theory

Question 67

Why is "savings-led microfinance" notable?

A)It hampers the ability of women to be economically independent.
B)It is a practice--though well intentioned--that does not allow women autonomy.
C)It is only available to women with high social capital.
D)It offers women a means through which to increase their economic capital.

Question 68

Gender is a social construction.

Question 69

The matrix of domination is a system in which ______.

A)individuals are categorized as either oppressed or the oppressor
B)individuals are viewed as occupying statuses as members of both dominated and dominating groups
C)race is the most important category of identity, with little consideration of class, sexual orientation, or gender
D)people are encouraged to examine only their own, singular standpoint

Question 70

Which type of feminism seeks to build coalitions among women, creating international and global organizations, networks, and programs?

A)socialist feminism
B)liberal feminism
C)radical feminism
D)multicultural feminism

Question 71

What is the child survival hypothesis?

A)If child mortality increases, women will experience negative sanctions.
B)If child mortality decreases, women will be more likely to survive into old age.
C)If women are educated, their children are more likely to survive.
D)If women think their children will survive, they feel less of a need to have "extra" children.

Question 72

Married men and women perform equal amounts of housework.

Question 73

Babies born with ambiguous sex characteristics usually undergo surgeries and medications to make them categorizable.

Question 74

What is considered masculine or feminine differs across cultures.

Question 75

Girls outperform boys on standardized tests.

Question 76

What is the practice of chhaupadi?

A)allowing a woman to miss work during her menstrual period
B)refusing food to a woman during her menstrual period
C)refusing sanitary supplies to a woman during her menstrual period
D)forcing a woman into seclusion during her menstrual period

Question 77

According to sociologists, gender and sex are the same.

Question 78

Idris is a surgeon from Nigeria who decides to move to the United States where he can make a higher salary.This is an example of which of the following?

A)underemployment
B)the practice of chhaupadi
C)brain drain
D)the survival hypothesis

Question 79

Today, women hold more bachelor's degrees than men.

Question 80

Explain the difference between sex and gender.