Deck 4: Socialization and Social Interaction

Question 1

People's self-image is shaped by their understanding of how others perceive them.What is this concept called?

A)looking-glass self
B)superego
C)generalized other
D)internalized personality

Answer 1

A

Question 2

An adolescent is working on a recipe with friends in the kitchen and decides to create a new dish using their favorite foods.How would Mead's theory explain this behavior?

A)The teen is engaging in interaction with a primary group.
B)The teen is using reference group behavior to impress friends.
C)The teen is acting based on the "I" part of self by taking initiative.
D)The teen is acting based on the "me" part of self by deviating from the original plan.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following perspectives describes how a child sees model behavior and repeats it?

A)psychodynamic
B)social learning
C)cognitive
D)behaviorism

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of nature interacting with nurture?

A)People with well-functioning genes thrive in any environment.
B)Research shows that biology determines differences between cultures.
C)Humans have a natural capacity for language, but socialization makes the development possible.
D)Parents care for their children's basic physical needs.

Question 5

What is the process of people learning the culture of their society?

A)sociological imagination
B)behaviorism
C)socialization
D)cognitive development

Question 6

Which of the following is outlined in Mead's four stages of socialization?

A)primary groups
B)preparatory stage
C)reference groups
D)postconventional stage

Question 7

Jackie is 4 years old.Her mother is a nurse who takes care of her grandfather who just had knee-replacement surgery.Jackie begins to care for and play with her dolls and stuffed animals in a similar manner.This is an example of which of the following?

A)role-taking
B)generalized other
C)the looking-glass self
D)significant others

Question 8

Tyrone is 9 years old and he lives with his mother, father, and grandmother.They have all raised him and cared for him since birth.According to Mead, how would you categorize this group of people in relation to Tyrone?

A)secondary group
B)reference group
C)significant others
D)parental units

Question 9

What is the distinction between primary groups and secondary groups?

A)Primary groups relate to the ego and secondary groups relate to the id.
B)Primary groups are peer groups and secondary groups are reference groups.
C)Primary groups have intense close ties while secondary groups are less personal.
D)Primary group provide standards for judging our attitudes or behaviors while secondary groups do not.

Question 10

A child hears from parents and teachers that she is very smart.What would happen to the self-concept of the child based on the looking-glass self-theory?

A)They become overly confident and stop trying as hard in school.
B)They become more confident and try harder to meet this image.
C)They become less confident because the compliments did not come from their peers.
D)They become less confident because child subculture does not respect praise from authority figures.

Question 11

Which of the following describes how adolescents might look to their friends for reactions to a new outfit?

A)primary group
B)secondary group
C)reference group
D)egocentric group

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes behaviorism?

A)It adopts a psychodynamic perspective on human behavior.
B)It contends that humans can learn behaviors, and other animals cannot.
C)It emphasizes the effects of reward and punishment on human behavior.
D)It challenged early theories that described the human subconscious as instinctual.

Question 13

Lauren states that her mother, father, sister, and wife are the most influential people in her life.Which group best represents these individuals?

A)secondary group
B)primary group
C)reference group
D)inference group

Question 14

Which of the following explanations of the self is associated with George Herbert Mead?

A)The socialized ego suppresses the impulsive id.
B)The conventional and conforming me controls the impulsive and creative I.
C)The generalized other mediates the actions of the inner child.
D)The simple I adapts to take on the roles of the generalized other.

Question 15

Which of the following is a principal agent of socialization?

A)intelligence
B)history
C)television
D)biology

Question 16

Which theory discusses reward-and-punishment effects on individual's behavior?

A)role-taking theory
B)social learning theory
C)Piaget's theory of cognitive development
D)Kohlberg's theory of moral development

Question 17

Which of the following statements best represents sociological perspectives on behavior, biology, and socialization?

A)Sociologists think that demographic characteristics determine behavior.
B)Sociologists are divided on the nature versus nurture argument due to Freud.
C)Sociologists think that biology has more of an influence than socialization.
D)Sociologists endorse socialization because of evidence like the social self and language.

Question 18

Which of the following perspectives describes how parents seek to discourage undesirable behaviors with punishment?

A)psychodynamic
B)social learning
C)cognitive
D)behaviorism

Question 19

Which of the following best represents the influence of reference groups?

A)buying a pink car because it's unique
B)picking a particular laptop based on the guidance of the store salesperson
C)purchasing a smartphone because your coworkers tease you about your flip phone
D)posting an informative article on social media related to a topic you're passionate about

Question 20

A child begins acting out at school by getting out of her seat and speaking out of turn.The school psychologist suggests the behaviorist approach to alter this behavior.How would the teacher do this?

A)model proper behavior for the child to repeat
B)ignore the behavior
C)offer a reward for engaging in desired behaviors
D)have other children who behave model proper behavior

Question 21

How would a child in Kohlberg's preconventional stage act if given the opportunity to take a cookie even though they have been told not to?

A)leaves the cookie
B)takes the cookie but feels guilty
C)takes the cookie if there is no chance of getting caught
D)thinks about whether it is right or wrong to take the cookie

Question 22

Which group of students does the hidden curriculum negatively impact?

A)Whites and men
B)upper class
C)middle class
D)women and people of color

Question 23

According to Freud, which part of the human mind is primarily bound up in sexual energy?

A)self
B)id
C)ego
D)superego

Question 24

According to Freud, which of the following is responsible for hidden fears that may interfere with everyday life?

A)unconscious mind
B)biological drives
C)socialization
D)self-gratification

Question 25

According to Piaget, what is the process of improvements in logical decision making from childhood to adulthood?

A)moral development
B)logical progression
C)cognitive development
D)cognitive capacity progress

Question 26

Which of the following is a valid critique of Kohlberg's theory?

A)It does not consider childhood thought processes.
B)It is based on a male perspective of moral development.
C)It is based on a need to comply with social rules.
D)It does not consider cognitive development.

Question 27

According to Mead, which of the following is necessary to navigate the game stage?

A)a model
B)self-interest
C)rules of the game
D)cultural symbols

Question 28

The hidden curriculum in schools benefits children from ______ backgrounds.

A)middle- and upper-class
B)lower-class
C)privileged
D)single-parent

Question 29

Research suggests that child-rearing practices may vary by social class.Parents whose jobs require them to be subservient to authority are more likely to instill which of the following?

A)working hard
B)rejecting mainstream values
C)being creative and spontaneous
D)obeying and respecting authority

Question 30

Research suggests that child-rearing practices may vary by social class.Which of the following values are middle-class parents more likely to instill in their children than working-class parents?

A)following directions
B)rejecting mainstream values
C)being creative and spontaneous
D)rebelling against authority figures

Question 31

According to Kohlberg, which of the following is most likely to occur during the postconventional stage?

A)compliance to avoid punishment
B)compliance for personal gain
C)compliance to avoid guilt
D)compliance because it is right

Question 32

What is the most critical agent of socialization for primary groups?

A)peers
B)cousins
C)family
D)doctors

Question 33

According to Mead, which of the following describes how a child imitates parental behaviors to gain approval from parents?

A)significant other
B)secondary group
C)reference group
D)generalized other

Question 34

Which of the following is included in Freud's explanation of the human mind?

A)The id deals with complex social processes.
B)The ego is the core of a person's personality.
C)The play involves the true, hidden desires of an individual.
D)The game includes internalized values and norms of society.

Question 35

What type of groups are small and characterized by intense emotional ties, face-to-face interaction, intimacy, and commitment?

A)reference
B)primary
C)secondary
D)significant

Question 36

Which of the following is true of family patterns in the United States?

A)Changes in family patterns affect socialization.
B)Family patterns are changing slowly.
C)Fertility rates are high.
D)Marriage rates are rising.

Question 37

According to Freud, which part of the human mind consists of the internalized norms and values of society?

A)self
B)id
C)ego
D)superego

Question 38

Which of the following is true of families?

A)Parents typically discourage gender-normative roles and behaviors.
B)Parents typically reinforce stereotypical notions of how boys and girls should act.
C)Opposite-sex couples are more likely than families headed by same-sex couples to challenge gender-normative roles and behaviors.
D)Most families embrace egalitarian gender roles.

Question 39

Psychoanalysis, the psychological perspective that emphasizes the complex reasoning processes of the conscious and unconscious mind, is associated with which major theorist?

A)George Herbert Mead
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Charles H.Cooley
D)Jean Piaget

Question 40

Which of the following best describes the hidden curriculum?

A)the official curriculum of a school, including instruction in reading, writing, math, and other academic subjects
B)the unspoken classroom socialization into the norms, values, and roles of a society
C)lessons in gender roles taught through teacher expectations
D)the school-to-prison pipeline

Question 41

For most adults, postadolescent socialization begins with which of the following?

A)starting a family
B)attendance at religious services
C)entry into the workplace
D)exposure to mass media

Question 42

Research shows that there are gender differences between boys' and girls' participation in sports.Which statement most accurately represents the impact of sports for girls?

A)It increases rates of pregnancy.
B)It hinders girls' academic performance.
C)It builds competitiveness between boys and girls.
D)It contributes to higher rates of college attendance for girls.

Question 43

Margaret just turned 60 years old and has been a high school teacher for over 30 years.She has decided to continue teaching for several more years.Which of the following is true?

A)Public employees are required to work until they are 70 years old.
B)Older adults often delay retirement because of improvements in health care.
C)Active employment is required to vote in local and national elections.
D)Older adults' lack of media representation influences when they retire.

Question 44

Which of the following is true of seniors and social engagement?

A)Seniors are more likely than younger adults to disengage with society.
B)Seniors tend to move away from relationships, activities, and institutions that previously played key roles in their lives.
C)Seniors become more politically active in their older years.
D)Seniors are decreasingly likely to be engaged in the digital world.

Question 45

Which statement best represents media's influence on socialization?

A)Consuming violent media leads to violent behavior.
B)Violence in the media shocks and horrifies the population.
C)Older adults avoid social media due to the risk of cyberbullying.
D)Violence against women in media promotes the normalization of abuse.

Question 46

Which of the following is true of social interaction?

A)Social norms are based on sociological research.
B)Conversation rules are made possible by instincts.
C)Conformity to social convention makes interactions successful.
D)Cultures around the world follow the same normative guidelines.

Question 47

Which concept is exemplified when adolescents greet each other with "wassup" instead of hello?

A)socialization
B)peer pressure
C)argot
D)Standard English

Question 48

Michael was diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder and was sentenced to a residential treatment center.Which of the following will he experience at the treatment center?

A)dramaturgical approach
B)ethnomethodology
C)conversation analysis
D)resocialization

Question 49

Which of the following is true of peer groups?

A)They are composed of people of all different ages.
B)Adolescents often spend more time with their peers than their families.
C)They are often composed of people of with varying levels of social status.
D)Peer groups are a childhood phenomenon that ends when puberty begins.

Question 50

The media creates fads and fashions.In what stage are these influences particularly strong?

A)childhood
B)adolescence
C)adulthood
D)old age

Question 51

Which of the following has sports participation been associated with?

A)decreased competitiveness
B)socialization into more accepting attitudes
C)reinforcement of gender stereotypes
D)decreased academic performance

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of a total institution?

A)public school
B)sports team
C)prison
D)bank

Question 53

Children's cartoons, prime-time television, and ads often depict characters in which of the following ways?

A)confusing
B)thoughtful
C)stereotypical
D)nuanced

Question 54

Most theories of socialization focus on which of the following?

A)work
B)adulthood and aging
C)infancy, childhood, and adolescence
D)the military

Question 55

What type of institution governs all aspects of daily life for its inhabitants?

A)anticipatory socialization
B)total institutions
C)institutions of control
D)regulatory institutions

Question 56

Which concept is illustrated by a law student imitating the behaviors of lawyers?

A)conformity
B)cognitive development
C)anticipatory socialization
D)behaviorism

Question 57

Why do prisons often fail at resocialization?

A)Inmates often identify more with their fellow inmates than they do with the administration's agenda.
B)Inmates come to identify with their prison guards.
C)Prisons do not monitor and manage inmates closely enough.
D)Prisons are typically unable to "break" prisoners.

Question 58

Which of the following is considered part of adolescent subculture?

A)a more close minded attitude toward drugs and violence
B)a set of norms shared with adults
C)individual sports
D)underground media

Question 59

Which of the following is true of religion in the United States?

A)The United States has a small proportion of inhabitants who identify as atheists.
B)About 75% of U.S.adults indicate that they are part of a religion.
C)Less than 25% of U.S.adults attend religious services once a week.
D)Half of U.S.adults declare themselves unaffiliated with any religion.

Question 60

Tim, an employee at Apple, posts on LinkedIn: "We are hiring a new full stack engineer!" Which of the following does the statement reflect?

A)workplace norms calling for conformity
B)workplace expectations that can differ from those we experience in primary groups
C)the particular influence of workplace socialization on women
D)an employee coming to identify with their employer

Question 61

According to Goffman, which of the following is an aspect of impression management?

A)side stage
B)main stage
C)audience
D)authenticity

Question 62

Americans over the age of 65 are more likely than any other age-group to vote.

Question 63

Primary groups and secondary groups both serve as reference groups.

Question 64

Which of the following is the study of norms, commonsense knowledge, and procedures in which ordinary people in society make sense of their social interactions, environment, and circumstance?

A)ethnomethodology
B)ethnography
C)phenomenology
D)sociology

Question 65

According to Goffman, which stage describes how actors let down their masks and practice their impression management?

A)primary stage
B)front stage
C)back stage
D)secondary stage

Question 66

Declining marriage rates and high rates of divorce are part of the changing family patterns in the United States.

Question 67

Ruth is shy at work and does not want to share her jokes with coworkers.When she is hanging around her friends and family she is outgoing and humorous.Which of Goffman's concepts best describes the duality Ruth's personality?

A)misrepresentation
B)impression management
C)resocialization
D)social interaction

Question 68

Parents, teachers, religious institutions, peers, television, and social media are agents of socialization.

Question 69

Parents reinforce normative gender roles for their children.

Question 70

Which of the following is most likely to lead to conversational breakdown?

A)delivering bad news
B)receiving bad news
C)regional differences
D)replying unconventionally

Question 71

April received her medical degree at the age of 25.She fears that other physicians and patients might not take her as serious as other doctors, so she wears her white lab coat everyday to work even when she does not see patients.According to Goffman is an example of?

A)impression management
B)back door
C)back stage
D)mystification

Question 72

Which of the following is a feature of Goffman's theory of the presentation of self?

A)ethnomethodology
B)conversation analysis
C)impression management
D)quantitative research

Question 73

Studies of social interaction have mostly drawn on which of the following perspectives?

A)symbolic interactionist
B)conflict theory
C)functionalist
D)feminist theory

Question 74

Which of the following best describes conversation analysis?

A)the study of the way individuals learn how to converse in groups
B)the study of the way participants in social interaction recognize and reproduce coherent conversation
C)the study of the way participants in social interaction defy societal norms
D)the study of the way conversation patterns change generation to generation

Question 75

Socialization is how we reproduce culture, which represents our social practices and perceptions.

Question 76

How would a Little League coach utilize presentation of self?

A)project an authoritative manner to fulfill his role
B)provide positive reinforcement for good behavior
C)provide rules and regulations for players to follow
D)project a calm, kind demeanor to make himself popular

Question 77

Teenagers imagining their parents' anger while they contemplate getting a facial piercing is an example of role taking.

Question 78

Because children spend the majority of their time at school, education is considered the first and foremost source of socialization in all societies.

Question 79

Tara begins speaking but realizes midsentence that her colleague, Scott, is already speaking.She pauses until Scott finishes his turn.This is an example of which of the following?

A)the use of power in conversations
B)the repair of conversational breakdown
C)the power of nonverbal communication
D)the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Question 80

What is a strategy people use in social interaction to organize and manage conversations?

A)turn taking
B)power play
C)resocialization
D)conversation analysis