Deck 13: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Question 1

Which of the following conditions would completely stop all NET filtration?

A) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary into the interstitial space.
B) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space into the capillary.
C) The blood hydrostatic pressure and the blood osmotic pressure are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Compared to veins, arteries

A) are more elastic.
B) have less smooth muscle in their tunica media.
C) have a smooth endothelium.
D) have thinner walls.
E) lose their shape when cut.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The muscular layer of blood vessels is the

A) tunica intima.
B) tunica externa.
C) tunica media.
D) tunica intima.
E) tunica adventitia.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The outermost layer of the arterial wall is the

A) endothelium.
B) tunica intima.
C) tunica externa.
D) tunica media.
E) serosa.

Question 5

Which of the following is the top number in a blood pressure reading?

A) diastolic pressure
B) systolic pressure
C) pulse pressure
D) mean arterial pressure
E) blood osmotic pressure

Question 6

Blood pressure increases with

A) increased cardiac output.
B) increased peripheral resistance.
C) increased blood volume.
D) B and C only
E) all of the above

Question 7

Blood flow through the cardiovascular system is affected by

A) pressure differences.
B) the viscosity of the blood.
C) the amount of friction in the blood vessels.
D) the length and diameter of the blood vessels.
E) all of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is faster?

A) blood flow along the walls of a blood vessel
B) blood flow in the center of a large vessel

Question 9

The blood vessels that have only a tunica intima are the

A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) veins.
D) venules.
E) capillaries.

Question 10

Blood flow has the highest velocity in the

A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) capillaries.
D) venules.
E) veins.

Question 11

Which of the following is a normal pressure within capillaries?

A) 20-30 mm Hg
B) 50-70 mm Hg
C) 5-10 mm Hg
D) 90-110 mm Hg
E) 200-240 mm Hg

Question 12

Plasma proteins that remain in the blood capillaries help

A) maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood.
B) decrease the osmotic pressure of the blood.
C) maintain the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.
D) decrease the hydrostatic pressure of the blood.
E) increase the osmotic pressure of the blood.

Question 13

The blood vessels that carry blood at the highest pressure are the

A) arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) veins.
D) venules.
E) capillaries.

Question 14

The one-third of the systolic pressure added to diastolic pressure is called the

A) critical closing pressure.
B) mean arterial pressure.
C) pulse pressure.
D) blood pressure.
E) circulatory pressure.

Question 15

Which of the following blood vessels hold the greatest volume of blood?

A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries
D) venules
E) veins

Question 16

Which of the following is lesser amount?

A) the normal blood volume of the arterial system
B) the normal blood volume of the venous system

Question 17

The vessels that permit exchange of materials between the cells and the blood are termed

A) capillaries.
B) arterioles.
C) arteries.
D) venules.
E) veins.

Question 18

As blood travels from the aorta toward the capillaries the

A) pressure increases.
B) resistance increases.
C) flow increases.
D) viscosity increases.
E) all of the above

Question 19

Thick-walled vessels with a large degree of distensibility are called ________ arteries.

A) coronary
B) pulmonary
C) elastic
D) muscular
E) arteriolar

Question 20

The brachial artery would be classified as a(n) ________ artery.

A) anastomotic
B) elastic
C) conducting
D) large
E) muscular

Question 21

Edema would be likely to form when

A) the concentration of protein in the blood increases.
B) hemorrhage occurs.
C) the heart is an insufficient pump.
D) blood hydrostatic pressure at the capillary decreases.
E) the blood hydrostatic pressure in a capillary is equal to the blood osmotic pressure.

Question 22

The baroreceptor reflex causes changes in

A) blood pressure.
B) stroke volume.
C) heart rate.
D) peripheral resistance.
E) all of the above

Question 23

Which of the following factors is most likely to result in an increase in blood pressure?

A) decreased blood flow to the kidneys
B) decreased volume of body fluids
C) increased excretion of sodium
D) increased excretion of water
E) increased excretion of potassium

Question 24

________ causes a direct increase in blood volume.

A) Renin
B) Erythropoietin
C) ADH
D) ACTH
E) Angiotensin

Question 25

Pulse pressure is the difference between

A) the heart at rest and the heartbeat.
B) elastic rebound and elastic recoil.
C) circulatory pressure and blood pressure.
D) blood pressure and osmotic pressure.
E) systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.

Question 26

Angiotensin increases blood pressure by

A) increasing peripheral resistance.
B) promoting the release of renin.
C) inhibiting aldosterone.
D) promoting the excretion of sodium.
E) inhibiting ADH.

Question 27

Which of the following will cause a decrease in blood pressure?

A) increased levels of aldosterone
B) increased levels of angiotensin II
C) increased blood volume
D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
E) increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 28

When a capillary bed decreases in blood flow due to locally high oxygen levels, it is caused by

A) intercellular chemicals.
B) angiotensin.
C) autoregulation.
D) neural mechanisms.
E) endocrine mechanisms.

Question 29

Blood pressure in the systemic arteries is greatest during

A) atrial systole.
B) ventricular systole.
C) ventricular diastole.
D) atrial diastole.
E) none of the above

Question 30

Transport mechanisms used by capillaries include

A) diffusion.
B) filtration.
C) osmosis.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 31

Which of the following changes will result in increased nutrient delivery to a specific tissue?

A) increased blood volume
B) increased vessel diameter
C) increased blood pressure
D) decreased peripheral resistance
E) relaxation of precapillary sphincters

Question 32

Which of the following has the greatest effect on blood flow?

A) HR
B) SV
C) peripheral resistance
D) vessel length
E) adipose tissue

Question 33

Swelling of a tissue is due to

A) trauma to the blood.
B) constriction of vessels.
C) release of bone fragments.
D) increased permeability of capillaries.
E) filtration.

Question 34

Which of the following is greater?

A) blood pressure when sympathetic stimulation to the heart increases
B) blood pressure when parasympathetic stimulation to the heart increases

Question 35

In which of the following would the resistance be least?

A) a vessel 10 microns in diameter
B) a vessel 1 mm in diameter
C) a vessel 1 cm in diameter

Question 36

The third and fourth heart sounds are caused by

A) resistance.
B) opening valves.
C) closing valves.
D) viscosity.
E) turbulence.

Question 37

In which of the following would the rate of blood flow be greatest, assuming the same pressure?

A) a vessel 10 microns in diameter
B) a vessel 1 mm in diameter
C) a vessel 1 cm in diameter

Question 38

Baroreceptors that function in the regulation of blood pressure are located in the

A) left ventricle.
B) brain stem.
C) carotid sinus.
D) common iliac artery.
E) all of the above

Question 39

Blood pressure is lowest in which of the following structures?

A) arteriole
B) artery
C) capillary
D) vein
E) venule

Question 40

Blood moves forward through veins

A) because the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.
B) with the aid of contractions of skeletal muscles.
C) with the aid of changes in cavity pressure.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above

Question 41

The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the

A) common carotid artery.
B) cerebral ring.
C) circle of Willis.
D) external carotid artery.
E) none of the above

Question 42

The ________ divides the aorta into a superior thoracic aorta and an inferior abdominal aorta.

A) pericardium
B) mediastinum
C) diaphragm
D) peritoneum
E) pleura

Question 43

The vessel that receives blood from below the diaphragm is the

A) internal jugular vein.
B) external jugular vein.
C) superior vena cava.
D) inferior vena cava.
E) coronary sinus.

Question 44

The pulse point on the wrist is actually the ________ artery.

A) brachial
B) radial
C) ulnar
D) antebrachial
E) cubital

Question 45

Which of the following supplies blood to parts of the intestinal tract?

A) phrenic arteries
B) superior mesenteric artery
C) lumbar artery
D) middle sacral artery
E) celiac artery

Question 46

In the forearm, the brachial artery becomes the

A) radial artery.
B) ulnar artery.
C) antebrachial artery.
D) subclavian artery.
E) both A and B

Question 47

Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the

A) common carotid arteries.
B) common iliac arteries.
C) femoral arteries.
D) popliteal arteries.
E) tibial arteries.

Question 48

Which of the following is greater?

A) heart rate normally
B) heart rate during cardiovascular shock

Question 49

Which is a branch of the pulmonary trunk?

A) right coronary artery
B) left coronary artery
C) pulmonary artery
D) left common carotid artery
E) brachiocephalic artery

Question 50

A decrease in vessel diameter is called

A) heart action.
B) vasoconstriction.
C) vasodilation.
D) viscosity.
E) peripheral resistance.

Question 51

Small veins of the brain empty into the

A) coronary sinuses.
B) dural sinuses.
C) circle of Willis.
D) external jugular vein.
E) vertebral veins.

Question 52

An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the

A) external carotid.
B) subclavian.
C) vertebral.
D) brachiocephalic.
E) maxillary.

Question 53

Symptoms of shock include

A) hypotension.
B) rapid, weak pulse.
C) decreased urine formation.
D) acidosis.
E) all of the above

Question 54

The celiac artery provides blood to the

A) brain.
B) diaphragm.
C) liver and spleen.
D) large intestine.
E) suprarenal glands.

Question 55

After passing the axilla, the axillary artery becomes the

A) radial artery.
B) ulnar artery.
C) brachial artery.
D) subclavian artery.
E) digital artery.

Question 56

The basilar artery gives off the ________ arteries.

A) circle of Willis
B) anterior cerebral
C) external carotid
D) internal carotid
E) posterior cerebral

Question 57

In response to hemorrhage, there is

A) decreased vasomotor tone.
B) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
C) mobilization of the venous reserve.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above

Question 58

Which of the following affects blood pressure indirectly by altering blood volume?

A) neural factors
B) venous return
C) endocrine factors
D) changing blood glucose concentration

Question 59

The lumbar arteries are

A) paired and travel in the intercostal spaces.
B) paired and found in the lower abdomen.
C) multiple in number and found exiting the posterolateral abdominal aorta.
D) single branches of the abdominal aorta.
E) none of the above

Question 60

Blood from the face returns to the heart by way of the

A) vertebral vein.
B) axillary vein.
C) brachiocephalic vein.
D) internal jugular vein.
E) external jugular vein.

Question 61

Vicki has a disabled posterior pituitary. What type of cardiovascular affects might you expect?

A) decreased blood volume
B) increased blood pressure
C) peripheral vasoconstriction
D) increased numbers of red blood cells
E) all of the above

Question 62

The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the

A) inferior vena cava.
B) superior vena cava.
C) cephalic vein.
D) subclavian vein.
E) iliac vein.

Question 63

The ________ is superficial and runs along the medial upper limb.

A) digital vein
B) cephalic vein
C) axillary vein
D) brachial vein
E) basilic vein

Question 64

After receiving the internal jugular vein, the subclavian vein becomes the

A) cephalic vein.
B) vena cava.
C) axillary vein.
D) brachiocephalic vein.
E) external jugular vein.

Question 65

_________________________ refers to the factors that oppose blood flow in the cardiovascular system.

Question 66

Elderly individuals are more prone to suffer from ________ than younger individuals.

A) hypertension
B) venous thrombosis
C) arteriosclerosis
D) problems with the conducting system of the heart
E) all of the above

Question 67

Diastolic pressure plus one-third of the pulse pressure equals _________________________.

Question 68

The term _________________________ refers to the pressure in the arterial side of the cardiovascular system.

Question 69

The blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to allow the exchange of gases between the blood and tissues are _________________________.

Question 70

The force that pulls water INTO a capillary is called _________________________ pressure.

Question 71

Match the arteries in the first column with the major regions they supply in the second column.
_____ 1. internal carotid A. posterior abdominal wall
_____ 2. phrenic B. upper digestive tract
_____ 3. renal C. brain
_____ 4. celiac D. diaphragm
_____ 5. lumbar E. kidney

Question 72

Strong, elastic blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called _________________________.

Question 73

The smallest vessels of the arterial system are called _________________________.

Question 74

The two common iliac veins form the

A) femoral vein.
B) internal iliac vein.
C) inferior vena cava.
D) lumbar vein.
E) common iliac vein.

Question 75

Which of the following is a remnant of a fetal blood vessel?

A) hepatic portal
B) ligamentum arteriosum
C) ductus arteriosus
D) umbilical artery

Question 76

_________________________ drain fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the general circulation.

Question 77

Blood flowing out of a capillary bed first enters vessels called _________________________.

Question 78

The force that pushes fluid out of the capillaries is called _________________________ pressure.

Question 79

Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include

A) smoking.
B) lack of exercise.
C) high-fat diets.
D) obesity.
E) all of the above

Question 80

Match the blood vessels in the first column with the characteristic in the second column.
_____ 1. artery A. controls blood pressure
_____ 2. arteriole B. most permeable
_____ 3. capillary C. largest lumen
_____ 4. venule D. drains tissues
_____ 5. vein E. thickest wall