Deck 12: The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Question 1

The functions of the venae cavae include which of the following?

A) returning blood to the atria
B) pumping blood into circulation
C) removing excess fluid from the heart chambers
D) anchoring the heart to surrounding structures
E) preventing expansion of the heart

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Blood is carried away from the heart by

A) arteries.
B) veins.
C) arterioles.
D) capillaries.
E) venules.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart is the

A) mitral valve.
B) cuspid valve.
C) tricuspid valve.
D) pulmonary semilunar valve.
E) aortic semilunar valve.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The innermost layer of the heart wall is the

A) mediastinum.
B) parietal pericardium.
C) epicardium.
D) myocardium.
E) endocardium.

Question 5

The heart wall is composed of ________ layers of tissue.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
E) six

Question 6

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

A) lungs.
B) left ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) systemic circuit.
E) none of the above

Question 7

The left and right coronary arteries carry blood to the

A) heart.
B) head.
C) brain.
D) intestines.
E) liver.

Question 8

The wall between the atria is the

A) ventricle.
B) coronary sinus.
C) coronary sulcus.
D) auricle.
E) interatrial septum.

Question 9

The loose-fitting sac around the heart is lined by the

A) parietal pericardium.
B) epicardium.
C) endocardium.
D) parietal myocardium.
E) parietal endocardium.

Question 10

The average pressure in the right ventricle is ________ the pressure in the left ventricle.

A) the same as
B) considerably lower than
C) slightly lower than
D) slightly higher than
E) much higher than

Question 11

The function of an atrium is to

A) collect blood.
B) pump blood to the lungs.
C) pump blood into the systemic circuit.
D) pump blood to the heart muscle.
E) all of the above

Question 12

Blood vessels in the cardiovascular system are subdivided into the

A) lymphatic and blood circuits.
B) dorsal aorta and venae cavae.
C) systemic and pulmonary circuits.
D) cardiac and vascular circuits.
E) none of the above

Question 13

The tricuspid valve is located

A) in the opening of the aorta.
B) in the opening of the pulmonary trunk.
C) where the vena cavae join the right atrium.
D) between the right atrium and right ventricle.
E) between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 14

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

A) heart.
B) lungs.
C) brain.
D) intestines.
E) liver.

Question 15

The left atrium receives blood from the

A) pulmonary veins.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) aorta.
D) inferior vena cava.
E) arteries and veins.

Question 16

Blood returning from the systemic circulation enters the

A) right atrium.
B) right ventricle.
C) left atrium.
D) left ventricle.
E) pulmonary circulation.

Question 17

The skeleton of the heart consists of

A) a bone within the myocardium.
B) a bone in the interatrial septum.
C) a bone in the interventricular septum.
D) fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the atrioventricular orifices.
E) fibrous connective tissue in the aorta.

Question 18

The heart lies in the

A) pleural cavity.
B) peritoneal cavity.
C) abdominopelvic cavity.
D) mediastinum.
E) none of the above

Question 19

The semilunar valve of the left side of the heart prevents backflow from the

A) aorta.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary veins.
D) right ventricle.
E) left ventricle.

Question 20

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium
2) left atrium
3) right ventricle
4) left ventricle
5) vena cavae
6) aorta
7) pulmonary trunk
8) pulmonary veins
What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?

A) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5
B) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5
C) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6
D) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6
E) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6

Question 21

In rheumatic heart disorder, the bicuspid valves close incompletely, leading to

A) mitral valve prolapse.
B) semilunar valve prolapse.
C) ventricular stenosis.
D) atrioventricular valve prolapse.
E) overriding aorta.

Question 22

The ________ of the heart is(are) located in the walls of the ventricles.

A) Purkinje fibers.
B) SA node.
C) AV node.
D) bundle branches.
E) bundle of His.

Question 23

Depolarization of the atria is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

A) P wave.
B) T wave.
C) S wave.
D) QRS complex.
E) PR complex.

Question 24

The cardiac skeleton of the heart functions to

A) physically isolate the muscle fibers of the atria from those of the ventricles.
B) maintain the normal shape of the heart.
C) help distribute the forces of cardiac contraction.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above

Question 25

The following are various components of the conducting system of the heart: 1. Purkinje cells
2) AV bundle
3) AV node
4) SA node
5) bundle branches
The sequence in which an action potential would move through this system is

A) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5.
B) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1.
C) 3, 5, 4, 2, 1.
D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1.
E) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1.

Question 26

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the

A) superior vena cava.
B) inferior vena cava.
C) coronary sinus.
D) coronary sulcus.
E) aorta.

Question 27

The semilunar valves prevent backflow into the

A) atria.
B) aorta.
C) ventricles.
D) pulmonary trunk.
E) venae cavae.

Question 28

Blood flowing from the left atrium to the left ventricle flows through the ________ valve.

A) bicuspid
B) left AV
C) mitral
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 29

Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the

A) atria.
B) ventricles.
C) venae cavae.
D) aorta.
E) pulmonary trunk.

Question 30

Which of the following is true regarding cardiac muscle?

A) Neither summation nor tetany can occur.
B) Both summation and tetany can occur.
C) Summation, but not tetany, can occur.
D) Tetany, but not summation, can occur.
E) none of the above

Question 31

Blood from the systemic circulation returns to the heart by way of the

A) coronary sinus.
B) pulmonary veins.
C) venae cavae.
D) aorta.
E) pulmonary arteries.

Question 32

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,

A) the ventricles will beat faster.
B) the ventricles will beat independently of the atria.
C) the ventricular rate of contraction will not be affected.
D) the stroke volume will increase.
E) tachycardia will occur.

Question 33

Folding of the valves in the wrong direction is called

A) myositis.
B) carditis.
C) prolapse.
D) stenosis.
E) infarction.

Question 34

The three layers of the heart wall are the

A) skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
B) visceral, parietal, and fibrous.
C) arteries, veins, and capillaries.
D) epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
E) none of the above

Question 35

Cardiac muscle is similar to skeletal muscle in the

A) arrangement of the t-tubules.
B) arrangement of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C) presence of striations.
D) presence of intercalated discs.
E) all of the above

Question 36

The marginal artery branches off the

A) right coronary artery.
B) left coronary artery.
C) interventricular artery.
D) coronary sinus.
E) aorta.

Question 37

The maximum rate of contraction in normal cardiac muscle fibers is ________ per minute.

A) 80
B) 140
C) 200
D) 250
E) 300+

Question 38

Select the correct order of stimulation in the nodal pathways.

A) SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
B) SA node, AV bundle, AV node, Purkinje fibers
C) AV node, SA node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
D) Purkinje fibers, SA node, AV node, AV bundle
E) none of the above

Question 39

The first blood vessels to branch from the pulmonary trunk are the

A) pulmonary arteries.
B) bronchial arteries.
C) circumflex arteries.
D) carotid arteries.
E) subclavian arteries.

Question 40

The ________ circuit directly supplies blood to the myocardium.

A) systemic
B) cardiac
C) coronary
D) pulmonary
E) none of the above

Question 41

When a chamber fills with blood and is preparing to begin the next cardiac cycle, that chamber is

A) in systole.
B) in diastole.
C) repolarizing.
D) depolarizing.
E) both B and C

Question 42

The amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute is

A) end diastolic volume.
B) end systolic volume.
C) stroke volume.
D) cardiac output.
E) cardiac reserve.

Question 43

The amount of blood in each ventricle during isovolumetric relaxation is equal to the

A) EDV.
B) ESV.
C) SV.
D) HR.
E) CO.

Question 44

The QRS wave on an ECG tracing represents

A) atrial depolarization.
B) atrial repolarization.
C) ventricular depolarization.
D) ventricular repolarization.
E) ventricular contraction.

Question 45

During ventricular diastole,

A) the atria are contracting.
B) blood is entering the ventricle.
C) the AV valves are closed.
D) the pressure in the ventricles increases.
E) the ventricles are relaxed.

Question 46

Preload directly determines

A) end diastolic volume.
B) end systolic volume.
C) stroke volume.
D) cardiac output.
E) cardiac reserve.

Question 47

Under conditions of hypocalcemia,

A) cardiac muscle cells become lethargic.
B) cardiac muscle contraction is weak.
C) cardiac muscles become extremely excitable.
D) cardiac muscle cells remain the same.
E) none of the above

Question 48

Which of the following is greater?

A) the conduction velocity along a normal myocardial fiber
B) the conduction velocity along a Purkinje fiber
C) the conduction velocity through the heart skeleton
D) the conduction velocity in the heart valves
E) None of the above conducts a signal.

Question 49

The amount of blood in each ventricle during isovolumetric contraction is equal to the

A) HR.
B) ESV.
C) SV.
D) CO.
E) EDV.

Question 50

The ________ accelerates the heart rate when the walls of the right atrium are stretched.

A) venous return
B) stroke volume
C) cardiac output
D) atrial reflex
E) cardiac cycle

Question 51

The second heart sound is heard when

A) the AV valves open.
B) the AV valves close.
C) the semilunar valves close.
D) the atria contract.
E) blood enters the aorta.

Question 52

Which of the following is longest in duration of time?

A) the refractory period of cardiac muscle
B) the refractory period of skeletal muscle
C) contraction of skeletal muscle
D) contraction of cardiac muscle
E) the P wave

Question 53

The amount of blood the heart beats in one contraction is the

A) HR.
B) SV.
C) CO.
D) EDV.
E) ESV.

Question 54

The T wave of the ECG corresponds to

A) atrial depolarization.
B) atrial diastole.
C) ventricular systole.
D) ventricular repolarization.
E) none of the above

Question 55

Cardiac output would be greatest when

A) sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases.
B) parasympathetic stimulation of the heart increases.
C) resting in bed.
D) the vagus nerve is sending many impulses.
E) None of the above increases CO.

Question 56

According to Starling's law of the heart, the cardiac output is directly related to the

A) size of the ventricle.
B) heart rate.
C) venous return.
D) thickness of the myocardium.
E) amount of blood in the cardiovascular system.

Question 57

In which situation would the filling time be the greatest?

A) when heart rate is slow
B) when heart rate is fast
C) when the force of contraction is decreased
D) when the difference between the end diastolic volume and the end systolic volume is small
E) when calcium channel blockers are present

Question 58

Heart valves open and close because of

A) pressure differences.
B) heart contractions.
C) signals from the SA node.
D) contractions of the papillary muscles.
E) the moderator band.

Question 59

Which of the following is greatest during left ventricular systole?

A) the pressure in the ventricle
B) the pressure in the aorta
C) the pressure in the left atrium
D) the pressure in the right ventricle
E) the pressure in the right atrium

Question 60

Relaxation of the ventricles is called

A) ventricular diastole.
B) ventricular systole.
C) depolarization.
D) hyperpolarization.
E) none of the above

Question 61

The great vessels of the heart are located at the _________________________ of the heart.

Question 62

Cardiac muscle cells are called _________________________.

Question 63

EDV minus ESV equals

A) SV.
B) HR.
C) CO.
D) CO max.
E) BMR.

Question 64

The superior chambers of the heart are called _________________________ and the inferior chambers are the _________________________.

Question 65

The muscle layer of the heart is the _________________________.

Question 66

The cardioinhibitory center controls activities of the ________ neurons.

A) ganglionic
B) parasympathetic
C) postganglionic
D) preganglionic
E) sympathetic

Question 67

The internal connective tissue network of the heart is called the _________________________.

Question 68

Match the structure in the first column with its description in the second column.
_____ 1. systole A. relaxation of heart chambers
_____ 2. diastole B. period of cardiac contraction
_____ 3. anastomoses C. pacemaker of heart
_____ 4. SA node D. amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle each minute
_____ 5. cardiac output E. juncture of two peripheral vessels with the capillary bed

Question 69

The heart is surrounded by the _________________________ cavity.

Question 70

HR x SV = _________________________.

Question 71

The right atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit and passes it to the _________________________.

Question 72

The _________________________ circuit carries blood to and from all parts of the body except the lungs.

Question 73

The left border of the heart is formed by the _________________________ and a small portion of the _________________________.

Question 74

In a condition called _________________________, the cusps of the bicuspid valve do not close properly.

Question 75

When arteries connect to one another, it is called an arterial _________________________.

Question 76

The amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute is the

A) HR.
B) SV.
C) CO.
D) EDV.
E) ESV.

Question 77

_________________________ are blood vessels that usually return blood to the heart.

Question 78

Each cardiac muscle cell is bound to its neighboring cells at sites called _________________________.

Question 79

The property of heart muscle to contract in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called _________________________.

Question 80

A slower-than-normal heart rate is called _________________________.