Deck 9: The General and Special Senses

Question 1

Chemoreceptors are located in the

A) carotid and aortic bodies.
B) special senses of taste and smell.
C) respiratory control center of the medulla.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Sensory receptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called

A) nociceptors.
B) baroreceptors.
C) chemoreceptors.
D) proprioceptors.
E) thermoreceptors.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Muscle spindles are stimulated more when

A) muscle tension decreases.
B) muscle tension increases.
C) muscle length decreases.
D) muscles use oxygen.
E) muscles use glycogen.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Olfactory receptors are examples of

A) pain receptors.
B) thermoreceptors.
C) mechanoreceptors.
D) chemoreceptors.
E) proprioceptors.

Question 5

Which of the following contains pain receptors?

A) meninges
B) blood vessels in the brain
C) neural tissue
D) both A and B
E) both B and C

Question 6

Nociceptors are sensitive to

A) pain.
B) light touch.
C) pressure.
D) osmotic pressure.
E) blood pressure.

Question 7

The fading of a smell some time after you enter a room is an example of experiencing

A) sensory adaptation.
B) damage to receptors.
C) a change in temperature.
D) a change in concentration of the odor.
E) all of the above

Question 8

The Golgi tendon organ is stimulated more when

A) muscles are metabolically active and produce oxygen.
B) muscle tension increases.
C) muscle tension decreases.
D) muscle length increases.
E) oxygen is depleted.

Question 9

Which of the following is a primary taste sensation?

A) sweet
B) putrid
C) pungent
D) metallic
E) fruity

Question 10

The term general senses refers to sensations of

A) hot and cold.
B) pain.
C) touch and vibration.
D) both B and C
E) all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following concerning olfaction is false?

A) Olfactory receptors are highly modified neurons.
B) Molecules to be smelled must first dissolve in the mucus covering the olfactory receptors.
C) Humans may have as many as 20 million olfactory receptors.
D) Human power of olfaction is as powerful as that of most other mammals.
E) Olfactory stimuli do not pass through the thalamus before journeying to the olfactory cortex.

Question 12

Olfactory glands

A) contain the neural receptors for the sense of smell.
B) form the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium.
C) are sensitive to aromatic molecules in the air.
D) produce a pigmented mucus that covers the olfactory epithelium.
E) form structures called olfactory bulbs.

Question 13

The perception of pain coming from parts of the body that are not actually stimulated is called

A) preferential pain.
B) recalcitrant pain.
C) actual pain.
D) referred pain.
E) slow pain.

Question 14

An example of neuronal replacement in the adult human involves the

A) gustatory receptors.
B) nociceptors.
C) pain receptors.
D) olfactory receptors.
E) retinal cells.

Question 15

Pain receptors

A) reduce in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus.
B) increase in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus.
C) are stimulated by things that cause tissue damage.
D) adapt rapidly.
E) are widely distributed in all tissues.

Question 16

Sensory receptors that monitor the position of joints are called

A) nociceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) baroreceptors.
D) proprioceptors.
E) thermoreceptors.

Question 17

Temperature senses use two types of

A) chemoreceptors.
B) free nerve endings.
C) proprioceptors.
D) tactile corpuscles.
E) lamellated corpuscles.

Question 18

The special senses are

A) olfaction.
B) vision.
C) gustation.
D) equilibrium.
E) all of the above

Question 19

Only about ________ percent of the information provided by afferent fibers reaches the cerebral cortex and conscious awareness.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 8
E) 12

Question 20

Our perception of the environment is incomplete because

A) humans do not have receptors for every possible stimulus.
B) our receptors have ranges of sensitivity.
C) all of our awareness of the environment must be learned.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above

Question 21

The lacrimal glands

A) are located in pockets in the frontal bones.
B) produce most of the volume of tears.
C) produce a slightly acidic secretion that contains lysozyme.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above

Question 22

The space between the iris and the cornea is the

A) anterior chamber.
B) posterior chamber.
C) pupil.
D) aqueous humor.
E) vitreous body.

Question 23

The lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by

A) moving up and down.
B) moving in and out.
C) changing shape.
D) opening and closing.
E) dilating and constricting.

Question 24

The transparent portion of the eye is the

A) conjunctiva.
B) cornea.
C) iris.
D) pupil.
E) canthus.

Question 25

Taste receptors are

A) found only on the tongue.
B) unable to divide.
C) modified neural cells.
D) modified epithelial cells.
E) none of the above

Question 26

A sudden flash of bright light would

A) cause contraction of the pupillary constrictor muscles.
B) cause contraction of the pupillary dilator muscles.
C) cause relaxation of the ciliary body.
D) cause relaxation of the ciliary ligaments.
E) increase the size of the iris.

Question 27

A structure that is located at the medial canthus and contains glands that produce a gritty secretion is the

A) superior eye lid.
B) lacrimal caruncle.
C) conjunctiva.
D) tear gland.
E) sclera.

Question 28

The pigmented portion of the eye is the

A) conjunctiva.
B) cornea.
C) iris.
D) pupil.
E) canthus.

Question 29

When viewing an object close to you, your lens should be more

A) rounded.
B) flattened.
C) convex.
D) lateral.
E) medial.

Question 30

The space between the suspensory ligaments and the iris is the

A) anterior chamber.
B) posterior chamber.
C) pupil.
D) vitreous body.
E) posterior cavity.

Question 31

There are ________ primary taste sensations.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 12
D) 20
E) more than 50

Question 32

Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye?

A) lateral rectus muscle
B) iris
C) retina
D) sclera
E) conjunctiva

Question 33

Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves

A) IX, X, and XI.
B) VII, VIII, and IX.
C) VII, IX, and X.
D) V, VII, and IX.
E) IX, XI, and XII.

Question 34

Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is responsible for enabling the eye to look upward?

A) inferior rectus
B) medial rectus
C) superior rectus
D) inferior oblique
E) superior oblique

Question 35

The fibrous tunic of the eye

A) consists of the sclera and the cornea.
B) provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye.
C) serves as a point of attachment for extrinsic eye muscles.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above

Question 36

The ciliary muscle helps to

A) control the amount of light reaching the retina.
B) control the shape of the lens.
C) control the production of aqueous humor.
D) move the eyeball.
E) both A and B

Question 37

The shape of the lens is controlled by the

A) pupillary constrictor muscles.
B) pupillary dilator muscles.
C) ciliary muscles.
D) suspensory ligaments.
E) aqueous body.

Question 38

The vitreous body

A) contains the lens.
B) helps to stabilize the eye and give physical support to the retina.
C) contains blood vessels that nourish the retina.
D) is located between the lens and the iris.
E) all of the above

Question 39

The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of

A) light receptors in the eye.
B) mechanoreceptors in the ear.
C) olfactory receptors in the nose.
D) nociceptors.
E) baroreceptors.

Question 40

Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is responsible for rotating the eye laterally?

A) inferior rectus
B) inferior oblique
C) lateral rectus
D) medial rectus
E) superior rectus

Question 41

Loss of lens transparency is referred to as

A) a cataract.
B) glaucoma.
C) myopia.
D) accommodation.
E) corneal scarring.

Question 42

Visual pigments are derivatives of

A) rhodopsin.
B) opsin.
C) retinal.
D) both A and B
E) all of the above

Question 43

As a result of the tympanic reflex,

A) the auditory ossicles amplify the signal.
B) the auditory ossicles vibrate more forcefully.
C) vibrations are more efficient.
D) vibrations are less efficient.
E) all of the above

Question 44

Stereoscopic vision results when the

A) images in both eyes are identical.
B) images in each eye are slightly different.
C) rods of one eye are stimulated, and cones are stimulated in the other.
D) brain interprets the images and alters them.
E) none of the above

Question 45

As nerve fibers from the retina travel to the brain, axons from the

A) nasal half of each eye cross over.
B) otic half of each eye cross over.
C) retinas of both eyes do NOT cross over.
D) retinas of both eyes ALL cross over.
E) none of the above

Question 46

Nearsightedness is more properly called

A) diabetes mellitus.
B) myopia.
C) retinal detachment.
D) hyperopia.
E) glaucoma.

Question 47

A device that monitors the activity of the photoreceptor cells of the eye indicates that there is a constant flow of neurotransmitter being released by the photoreceptor cells. This information implies that the subject is

A) reading.
B) in a dark room.
C) outside in sunlight.
D) in a brightly lit auditorium.
E) focusing on a distant object.

Question 48

The daily day/night cycle known as a circadian rhythm is established in the

A) lateral geniculates.
B) medial geniculates.
C) pineal gland.
D) hypothalamus.
E) both A and C

Question 49

Visual acuity is also known as

A) nearsightedness.
B) farsightedness.
C) myopia.
D) astigmatism.
E) clarity of vision.

Question 50

When all three cone populations are stimulated, one sees

A) red.
B) blue.
C) green.
D) white.
E) black.

Question 51

The lens of the eye thickens when the

A) conjunctiva contracts.
B) ciliary muscles relax.
C) ciliary muscles contract.
D) ciliary processes contract.
E) suspensory ligaments pull on the lens.

Question 52

The color receptors within the retina are sensitive to lights that are

A) red, blue, and green.
B) red, green, and yellow.
C) red, blue, and yellow.
D) red, blue, green, and yellow.
E) orange, green, and purple.

Question 53

Rhodopsin is found in

A) rods.
B) cones.
C) visual pigments.
D) sodium pumps.
E) neurotransmitters.

Question 54

Night blindness can be treated by administering

A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin D.
C) vitamin E.
D) vitamin K.
E) vitamin C.

Question 55

A blind spot in the retina occurs where

A) the fovea is located.
B) ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells.
C) the optic nerve attaches to the retina.
D) rod cells are clustered to form the macula.
E) amacrine cells are located.

Question 56

Treatment of a cataract usually involves removal of the

A) cornea.
B) iris.
C) lens.
D) sclera.
E) vitreous humor.

Question 57

Normal eye focusing is termed

A) hyperopia.
B) myopia.
C) presbyopia.
D) emmetropia.
E) refraction.

Question 58

The hearing receptors are located in the

A) ampulla.
B) organ of Corti.
C) utricle.
D) saccule.
E) semicircular canals.

Question 59

There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to a different color wavelength of light. These cones are designated

A) red, yellow, and blue.
B) red, blue, and green.
C) red, green, and yellow.
D) yellow, green, and blue.
E) red, yellow, and indigo.

Question 60

The anterior cavity is

A) hollow.
B) filled with aqueous humor.
C) filled by the vitreous body.
D) filled with perilymph.
E) filled with endolymph.

Question 61

The sense of hearing is provided by receptors of the

A) outer ear.
B) middle ear.
C) inner ear.
D) pinna.
E) semicircular canals.

Question 62

A structure that allows the middle ear to communicate with the nasopharynx is the

A) pinna.
B) vestibular duct.
C) tympanic duct.
D) auditory tube.
E) external auditory canal.

Question 63

The sensory receptors of the semicircular canals are located in the

A) saccules.
B) ampullae.
C) cristae.
D) utricles.
E) both A and D

Question 64

The structure that separates the cochlear duct from the tympanic duct is the

A) tectorial membrane.
B) basilar membrane.
C) vestibular duct.
D) organ of Corti.
E) malleus.

Question 65

Which descending pathway in the spinal cord is responsible for carrying reflex information maintaining postural muscle tone?

A) vestibulospinal
B) corticospinal
C) medial and lateral pathways
D) posterior column
E) spinocerebellar

Question 66

A viral infection involving the vestibular nuclei may result in

A) loss of hearing.
B) loss of sight.
C) a sense of dizziness.
D) local paralysis.
E) high blood pressure.

Question 67

Match the chamber in the first column with its structure in the second column.
_____ 1. external ear A. cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals
_____ 2. middle ear B. auricle, auditory meatus
_____ 3. internal ear C. auditory ossicles

Question 68

Which of the following is filled with air?

A) middle ear cavity
B) cochlea
C) vestibule
D) semicircular canal
E) membranous labyrinth

Question 69

The range of the human ear is about

A) 2-2,000 Hertz.
B) 20-2,000 Hertz.
C) 20-20,000 Hertz.
D) 2,000-3,000 Hertz.
E) 2,000-200,000 Hertz.

Question 70

________ deafness results from conditions in the middle ear that block the normal transfer of vibrations from the tympanum to the oval window.

A) Nerve
B) Corti
C) Conduction
D) Tunnel
E) Cochlear

Question 71

A movement in the vertical plane, such as falling straight down while the body maintains the anatomical position, would be sensed by the

A) utricles.
B) saccules.
C) organ of Corti.
D) supporting cells.
E) cochlea.

Question 72

Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the

A) auditory ossicles.
B) cochlea.
C) oval window.
D) round window.
E) tympanic membrane.

Question 73

The structure that overlies the organ of Corti is the

A) basilar membrane.
B) tectorial membrane.
C) endolymph.
D) malleus.
E) vestibular duct.

Question 74

The ossicles connect the

A) tympanic membrane to the oval window.
B) tympanic membrane to the round window.
C) oval window to the round window.
D) cochlea to the tympanic membrane.
E) cochlea to the oval window.

Question 75

The amplitude of vibrations is measured in

A) decibels.
B) wavelength.
C) frequency.
D) intensity.
E) duration.

Question 76

The smallest ossicle is the

A) malleus.
B) cochlea.
C) stapes.
D) incus.
E) tympanic membrane.

Question 77

The frequency of a sound is indicated to the nervous system by the

A) frequency of hair cell vibration.
B) number of rows of hair cells that are stimulated.
C) region of the organ of Corti that is stimulated.
D) movement of the perilymph in the cochlear duct.
E) frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane.

Question 78

Movement of the sensory receptors in the ampullae of the semicircular canals

A) produces sound.
B) allows us to hear sounds.
C) stimulates the receptor cells, alerting us to rotational movement.
D) stimulates the receptor cells to a change in body position with respect to gravity.
E) allows us to perceive linear acceleration.

Question 79

The branch of the cranial nerve that is responsible for monitoring changes in equilibrium is the ________ branch.

A) otoconial
B) cochlear
C) vestibular
D) trigeminal
E) auditory

Question 80

Match the muscle in the first column with its action in the second column.
_____ 1. inferior rectus A. eye looks down
_____ 2. inferior oblique B. eye rotates medially
_____ 3. lateral rectus C. eye rolls, looks up and to the side
_____ 4. medial rectus D. eye rolls, looks down and to the side
_____ 5. superior oblique E. eye rotates laterally