Deck 9: Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

Identify the product formed by the beta decay of .

A)
B)
C)
D)

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following rays are the most penetrating?

A) α rays
B) β rays
C) γ rays
D) β⁺ rays

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In which of the following elements was radioactivity first observed?

A) sodium
B) radium
C) radon
D) uranium

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following rays have the heaviest particles?

A) α rays
B) β rays
C) γ rays
D) β⁺ rays

Question 5

Who among the following scientists discovered radioactivity?

A) H. Becquerel
B) M. Curie
C) A. Einstein
D) E. Rutherford

Question 6

Which of the following forms of radiation consists of negatively charged particles?

A) α
B) β
C) γ
D) none of these

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct order of the frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A) radio > infrared > ultraviolet
B) radio > ultraviolet > infrared
C) ultraviolet > infrared > radio
D) ultraviolet > radio > infrared

Question 8

Identify the charge carried by beta (β) particles.

A) 0
B) +2
C) -1
D) -3

Question 9

What is the speed of light?

A) 3.0 × 10⁸ cm/hour
B) 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s
C) 3.0 × 10⁸ mm/s
D) 3.0 × 10⁸ mm/hour

Question 10

Which of the following equations represents the relationship between the wavelength (λ) and frequency (ν) of electromagnetic radiation?

A) ν =cλ
B) ν =λ/c
C) ν =c/λ
D) ν =1/cλ

Question 11

Which of the following equations represents the relationship between the wavelength (λ) and frequency (v) of electromagnetic radiation?

A) λ = cν
B) λ = c/ν
C) λ = ν/c
D) λ = 1/cν

Question 12

In which year was Becquerel awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Pierre Curie and Marie Curie?

A) 1910
B) 1905
C) 1900
D) 1903

Question 13

Which of the following rays consist of helium nuclei?

A) α rays
B) β rays
C) γ rays
D) β⁺ rays

Question 14

Which of the following Greek letters is not commonly applied to a form of radioactivity?

A) α
B) β
C) γ
D) δ

Question 15

Who among the following scientists discovered X-rays?

A) H. Becquerel
B) M. Curie
C) A. Einstein
D) W. Roentgen

Question 16

Which of the following forms of radiation consists of positively charged particles?

A) α
B) β
C) γ
D) none of these

Question 17

Which of the following is a form of electromagnetic radiation?

A) α
B) β
C) γ
D) all of these

Question 18

Which of the following rays are the least penetrating?

A) α rays
B) β rays
C) γ rays
D) β⁺ rays

Question 19

Which of the following forms of radiation consists of a hydrogen nucleus?

A) α
B) β
C) γ
D) none of these

Question 20

Which of the following forms of radiation is electrically neutral?

A) α
B) β
C) γ
D) none of these

Question 21

Which of the following is the correct order of the wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A) radio > infrared > ultraviolet
B) radio > ultraviolet > infrared
C) ultraviolet > infrared > radio
D) ultraviolet > radio > infrared

Question 22

Which of the following symbols represents a positron?

A) β⁻
B)
C) β⁺
D) λ

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true of electromagnetic radiation?

A) All electromagnetic radiations have equal energy.
B) As the wavelength of radiation increases, the energy of the radiation decreases.
C) As the wavelength of radiation increases, the energy of the radiation increases.
D) None of these statements are true.

Question 24

Which statement is true of the wavelength of an electromagnetic radiation?

A) It refers to the number of wave crests that pass a given point in one second.
B) It is directly proportional to the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation.
C) It is directly proportional to the speed of light in vacuum.
D) It refers to the distance between two successive wave crests in an electromagnetic radiation.

Question 25

Which of the following is a non-SI unit of energy that is frequently used in nuclear chemistry?

A) the joule
B) the electron volt
C) the kilogram
D) the ampere

Question 26

Identify the product formed when emits a β particle.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 27

Which of the following Greek letters is used to represent wavelength?

A) ν
B) θ
C) γ
D) λ

Question 28

Which of the following statements is true of artificially created isotopes?

A) All artificially created isotopes are stable.
B) All artificially created isotopes are unstable.
C) Most artificially created isotopes are stable.
D) Most artificially created isotopes are unstable.

Question 29

Which of the following radioactive emissions leads to transmutation in radioactive isotopes?

A) α emission
B) γ emission
C) both a emission and y emission
D) none of these

Question 30

Which part of the atom is radioactivity associated with?

A) the core electrons
B) the entire atom
C) the nucleus
D) the valence electrons

Question 31

Which of the following terms refers to a packet of electromagnetic radiation?

A) proton
B) electron
C) neutron
D) photon

Question 32

Which of the following radioactive emissions leads to transmutation in radioactive isotopes?

A) β emission
B) γ emission
C) both of these
D) none of these

Question 33

What happens to the mass number of an element when an α particle is emitted from its nucleus?

A) The mass number increases.
B) The mass number decreases.
C) The mass number does not change.

Question 34

Which statement is true of the frequency of an electromagnetic radiation?

A) It is directly proportional to the speed of light in vacuum.
B) It refers to the distance between two successive wave crests in an electromagnetic radiation.
C) It refers to the number of wave crests that pass a given point in one second.
D) The lower the frequency of a wave, the shorter the wavelength.

Question 35

Which of the following hydrogen isotopes is radioactive?

A)
B)
C)
D) none of these

Question 36

What happens to the atomic number of an element when an α particle is emitted from its nucleus?

A) The atomic number increases.
B) The atomic number decreases.
C) The atomic number does not change.

Question 37

Which of the following radioactive emissions does not lead to transmutation in radioactive isotopes?

A) α emission
B) β emission
C) γ emission
D) None of these radioactive emissions lead to transmutation in radioactive isotopes.

Question 38

Identify the product formed when emits a β particle.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 39

Which of the following Greek letters is used to represent frequency?

A) δ
B) γ
C) ν
D) λ

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true of electromagnetic radiation?

A) All electromagnetic radiations have equal energy.
B) As the frequency of radiation increases, the energy of the radiation decreases.
C) As the frequency of radiation increases, the energy of the radiation increases.
D) None of these statements are true.

Question 41

Identify the element formed when emits γ radiation.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 42

Identify the element formed when emits γ radiation.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 43

Identify the symbol used to represent a positron.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 44

A radioisotope with mass number A emits a positron. Identify the mass number of the radioisotope formed by the positron emission.

A) A − 2
B) A − 1
C) A
D) A + 1

Question 45

Which of the following radioisotopes is formed when emits a positron?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 46

Polonium-210 is an α emitter. Identify the element formed when emits an α particle.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 47

Which of the following isotopes undergoes positron decay to form ₂₄Cr?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 48

Identify the element formed when carbon undergoes beta decay.

A) sodium
B) oxygen
C) argon
D) nitrogen

Question 49

Tritium is a β emitter. Identify the product formed when emits a β particle.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 50

A radioisotope with atomic number Z emits a positron. Identify the atomic number of the radioisotope formed by the positron emission.

A) Z − 2
B) Z − 1
C) Z + 1
D) Z + 2

Question 51

Identify the element formed when decays by electron capture.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 52

Arsenic-74 is a positron emitter. Identify the element formed when emits a positron.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 53

A radioisotope with atomic number Z emits an α particle. Identify the atomic number of the radioisotope formed by the α emission.

A) Z − 2
B) Z + 4
C) Z − 4
D) Z + 2

Question 54

Thorium-223 is an α emitter. Identify the element formed when emits an α particle?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 55

Which of the following affects the half-life of a radioactive sample?

A) the age of the sample
B) the size of the sample
C) the temperature of the sample
D) none of these

Question 56

Identify the element formed when decays by electron capture.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 57

Identify the element formed when decays by electron capture.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 58

Identify the product formed when phosphorus-32 undergoes beta decay.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 59

A radioisotope with atomic number Z undergoes electron capture. Identify the atomic number of the radioisotope formed by the electron capture.

A) Z − 2
B) Z − 1
C) Z + 1
D) Z + 2

Question 60

A radioisotope with mass number A emits an α particle. Identify the mass number of the radioisotope formed by the α emission.

A) A − 4
B) A − 2
C) A
D) A + 2

Question 61

Which of the following is true of a radioisotope undergoing beta emission?

A) Its mass number decreases by four units, and its atomic number decreases by two units.
B) Its mass number decreases by one unit, but the atomic number remains the same.
C) Its mass number remains the same, but its atomic number decreases by one unit.
D) Its mass number remains the same, but its atomic number increases by one unit.

Question 62

Which of the following isotopes can be used by geologists to date rocks?

A) C-14
B) I-131
C) Sr-90
D) U-238

Question 63

Strontium-90 is a dangerous isotope because strontium is chemically similar to calcium and is easily incorporated into bones. Sr-90 has a half-life of 28.1 years. If a person ingests 100 mg of Sr-90, identify the amount that is left in the person's body after 56.2 years.

A) 75.5 mg
B) 50 mg
C) 25 mg
D) 12.5 mg

Question 64

Barium-122 has a half-life of 2 minutes. If 10.0 g of Ba-122 is produced in a nuclear reactor, identify the quantity of Ba-122 that will remain 10 minutes after production ceases.

A) 2.50 g
B) 1.25 g
C) 0.625 g
D) 0.313 g

Question 65

Which of the following is the SI unit of radiation activity?

A) the becquerel
B) the curie
C) the millicurie
D) the roentgen

Question 66

Identify a radiation detector that contains a phosphor.

A) a Geiger-Müller counter
B) a proportional counter
C) a scintillation counter
D) all of these

Question 67

Identify the percentage of a radioactive sample that remains after four half-lives.

A) 25.0%
B) 12.5%
C) 6.25%
D) 3.13%

Question 68

Krypton-85 has a half-life of 10 years. Identify the percentage of Kr-85 produced from the Chernobyl accident in 1986 that still remains radioactive in 2010.

A) 25 %
B) 12 %
C) 6 %
D) 3 %

Question 69

Which of the following statements is true of a radioisotope undergoing electron capture?

A) A neutron is converted to a proton and an electron.
B) The radioisotope does not undergo transmutation and only the energy changes.
C) An electron reacts with a proton to form a neutron.
D) An electron is absorbed into the nucleus, and an alpha particle is emitted from the radioisotope.

Question 70

Identify a radiation detector that contains a gas.

A) a Geiger-Müller counter
B) a scintillation counter
C) both a Geiger-Muller counter and a scintillation counter
D) none of these

Question 71

The half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days. If a medical treatment involves a dose of 400 mg of iodine-131, how much of the isotope remains after 32 days?

A) 200 mg
B) 100 mg
C) 50 mg
D) 25 mg

Question 72

Which of the following particles is emitted during alpha decay?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 73

What particle is emitted from an element when it undergoes beta decay?

A) γ
B)
C)
D)

Question 74

Which property of a radioactive element is exploited to detect radioactivity?

A) its charge
B) its ionizing ability
C) its mass
D) all of these

Question 75

Identify the percentage of a radioactive sample that remains after five half-lives.

A) 6.25%
B) 3.13%
C) 1.56%
D) 0.781%

Question 76

Which of the following physical measurements helps characterize ionizing radiation?

A) the energy of emitted particles
B) the intensity of ionizing radiation
C) the energy of emitted particles and the intensity of ionizing radiation
D) none of these

Question 77

Which of the following correctly relates the becquerel to the curie?

A) 3.7 × 10¹⁰ Bq = 1 Ci
B) 3.7 × 10⁷ Bq = 1 Ci
C) 2.7 × 10^-8 Bq = 1 Ci
D) 2.7 × 10^-11 Bq = 1 Ci

Question 78

The half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days. If a medical treatment involves a dose of 100. mg of iodine-131, how much of the isotope remains after 16 days?

A) 12.5 mg
B) 25 mg
C) 50.5 mg
D) 75 mg

Question 79

Which type of radiation emitted by C-14 has a half-life of 5730 years?

A) beta radiation
B) alpha radiation
C) gamma radiation
D) positron radiation

Question 80

Which of the following statements is true of a radioisotope that undergoes electron capture?

A) Its mass number decreases by four units, and its atomic number decreases by two units.
B) Its mass number remains the same, but its atomic number increases by one unit.
C) Its mass number remains the same, but its atomic number decreases by one unit.
D) Its mass number and atomic number remain the same, and only its energy changes.