Deck 29: Nutrition

Question 1

Which of the following factors affects the quantity of nutrients required to maintain good health?

A) age
B) body weight
C) the degree of physical activity
D) all of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following vitamins is found in oysters?

A) vitamin B₁₂
B) vitamin B₁
C) biotin
D) niacin

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following types of biomolecules does gluten consist of?

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) vitamins
D) fats

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following foods contain gluten?

A) green vegetables
B) dairy products
C) fruits
D) grains

Question 5

Which of the following types of sugars can directly pass into the bloodstream without digestion?

A) only polysaccharides
B) only monosaccharides
C) only disaccharides
D) both monosaccharides and disaccharides

Question 6

Which of the following conditions is not associated with obesity?

A) cardiovascular disease
B) diabetes
C) hypertension
D) None, these are all associated with obesity.

Question 7

Which of the following diseases is associated with gluten intolerance?

A) night blindness
B) celiac disease
C) scurvy
D) beriberi

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of fiber?

A) It is an essential nutrient.
B) It consists of long-chain fatty acids.
C) It is necessary for the proper functioning of the digestive system.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following minerals acts as a cofactor in enzymes?

A) chromium
B) phosphorus
C) magnesium
D) iodine

Question 10

Which of the following nutrients can be absorbed by the body without undergoing digestion?

A) fat
B) glucose
C) protein
D) starch

Question 11

Which of the following sugars is obtained by the complete hydrolysis of starch?

A) fructose
B) lactose
C) glucose
D) sucrose

Question 12

Which of the following parameters is used by the National Institutes of Health to define obesity?

A) body weight
B) body mass index
C) total body fat
D) none of these

Question 13

The recommended percentage of daily values per serving of which of the following must be shown on a food packaging label?

A) calcium
B) vitamin A
C) vitamin C
D) all of these

Question 14

Which of the following nutrients can be absorbed directly?

A) fats
B) proteins
C) starch
D) vitamins

Question 15

How do α-amylase and β-amylase differ in their functions?

A) They do not differ; they are two different enzymes that perform the same function.
B) α-amylase hydrolyzes α-1,6-glycosidic bonds, but β-amylase hydrolyzes β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
C) α-amylase hydrolyzes α-1,6-glycosidic bonds in an orderly way, but β-amylase hydrolyzes α-1,4-glycosidic bonds at random.
D) α-amylase hydrolyzes α-1,4-glycosidic bonds at random, but β-amylase hydrolyzes α-1,4-glycosidic bonds in an orderly way.

Question 16

Where in the body does the absorption of nutrients into the blood stream or lymphatic system occur?

A) through the intestinal walls
B) in the mouth
C) in the stomach
D) all of these

Question 17

Which of the following vitamins is associated with the synthesis of fatty acids?

A) biotin
B) vitamin C
C) pantothenic acid
D) vitamin B₆

Question 18

Which equation represents the relationship between the units Cal and cal?

A) 1 cal = 100 Cal
B) 1 cal = 1000 Cal
C) 1 Cal = 100 cal
D) 1 Cal = 1000 cal

Question 19

Which of the following conditions is often associated with marasmus?

A) diabetes
B) hypertension
C) muscle wasting
D) none of these

Question 20

Why did the USDA revise its 1992 Food Guide Pyramid?

A) because new data suggested that the 1992 pyramid was too simplistic
B) because research showed little evidence to support the claim that high carbohydrate intake is beneficial
C) because the 1992 pyramid glorified carbohydrates while casting all fats as the "bad guys"
D) for all of these reasons

Question 21

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin K

Question 22

Which of the following vitamins acts as a photosensitizer?

A) vitamins B₂
B) vitamin B₁
C) vitamin B₆
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 23

Approximately what percentage of dietary lipids is in the form of triglycerides?

A) 2%
B) 25%
C) 75%
D) 98%

Question 24

Identify a function of vitamin C.

A) wound healing
B) osmoregulation
C) fatty acid synthesis
D) carbohydrate metabolism

Question 25

Which of the following enzymes hydrolyzes peptide bonds at the carboxyl side of tryptophan, phenylalanine, or tyrosine?

A) carboxypeptidase
B) chymotrypsin
C) pepsin
D) trypsin

Question 26

What is the role of HCl in the digestion of proteins?

A) It denatures proteins.
B) It hydrolyzes peptide bonds.
C) It denatures proteins and it hydrolyzes peptide bonds.
D) None of these.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true of denatured proteins?

A) They are converted to their native protein forms by proteolytic enzymes.
B) They are the indigestible forms of native proteins
C) They are broken down into their constituent amino acids in the stomach.
D) They are more easily hydrolyzed by HCl than their native forms are.

Question 28

For humans, how many essential amino acids are there?

A) 0
B) 2
C) 3
D) 10

Question 29

Which of the following vitamins helps in blood clotting?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin D

Question 30

What is an essential amino acid?

A) any amino acid that the body needs for fat digestion
B) any amino acid that the body needs for proteins synthesis
C) any amino acid that the body needs but cannot synthesize
D) any amino acid that the body needs and must synthesize

Question 31

Which of the following is often called blood sugar?

A) D-glucose
B) L-glucose
C) maltose
D) sucrose

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true of gelatin?

A) It is a complete protein.
B) It is rich in tryptophan.
C) It is an animal protein.
D) It is an amino acid.

Question 33

Which of the following is a major component of saliva?

A) α-amylase
B) β-amylase
C) debranching enzyme
D) none of these

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true of lipases?

A) They hydrolyze lipids.
B) They are mostly found in the stomach.
C) They hydrolyze lipids and they are mostly found in the stomach.
D) None of these

Question 35

What is the definition of a complete protein?

A) a dietary protein that can be used directly
B) a dietary protein that contains all 10 essential amino acids
C) a dietary protein that contains all 20 amino acids
D) a protein that has attained its functional three-dimensional structure

Question 36

Which of the following hydrolyzes proteins only on the amino side of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine?

A) carboxypeptidase
B) chymotrypsin
C) trypsin
D) none of these

Question 37

Which of the following hydrolyzes proteins only on the amino side of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine?

A) carboxypeptidase
B) pepsin
C) trypsin
D) none of these

Question 38

Which of the following amino acids is missing from gelatin?

A) lysine
B) tryptophan
C) valine
D) None, gelatin is a complete protein.

Question 39

Approximately what percentage of the human diet should be protein?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 50%
D) 70%

Question 40

Approximately what percentage of stomach acid is HCl?

A) 0.5%
B) 1.0%
C) 5.0%
D) 10.0%

Question 41

Which of the following mineral deficiencies leads to goiter?

A) copper deficiency
B) iodine deficiency
C) iron deficiency
D) zinc deficiency

Question 42

Which of the following is not true?

A) The body can metabolize excess protein to fat.
B) Protein has no specific storage form of its own.
C) Protein must be consumed on a regular basis.
D) None, these are all true.

Question 43

Which of the following vitamin deficiencies leads to anemia?

A) folic acid deficiency
B) nicotinic acid deficiency
C) riboflavin deficiency
D) thiamine deficiency

Question 44

In which form is iron usually present in the human body?

A) in association with proteins
B) in association with fats
C) in association with carbohydrates
D) as free Fe atoms
E) Iron is distributed among all of these forms in the body.

Question 45

What percentage of a person's body weight does water account for?

A) 70%
B) 60%
C) 50%
D) 40%

Question 46

Which of the following vitamin deficiencies leads to scurvy?

A) vitamin A deficiency
B) vitamin B₁ deficiency
C) vitamin C deficiency
D) vitamin D deficiency

Question 47

Which of the following vitamins is an important antioxidant?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin K

Question 48

Which of the following factors affects the absorption of iron in the diet?

A) the presence of antacids in the digestive tract
B) the oxidation state of iron in food
C) the solubility of iron complexes
D) the dietary source of iron
E) all of these

Question 49

Which of the following is the method of combining foods to provide an adequate supply of all the essential amino acids?

A) protein augmentation
B) protein complementation
C) protein matching
D) protein supplementation

Question 50

Which of the following correctly describes how bottled water and public water supplies are purified?

A) Both are usually purified using X-rays.
B) Both are usually purified using ozone.
C) Bottled water is usually purified using chlorine, but public water supplies are usually purified using X-rays.
D) Bottled water is usually purified using ozone, but public water supplies are usually purified using chlorine.

Question 51

Which of the following vitamin deficiencies leads to rickets?

A) vitamin A deficiency
B) vitamin B₁ deficiency
C) vitamin C deficiency
D) vitamin D deficiency

Question 52

Which of the following mineral deficiencies leads to anemia?

A) chromium deficiency
B) manganese deficiency
C) iron deficiency
D) selenium deficiency

Question 53

Which of the following vitamin deficiencies leads to pellagra?

A) folic acid deficiency
B) nicotinic acid deficiency
C) riboflavin deficiency
D) thiamine deficiency

Question 54

Which of the following vitamin deficiencies leads to night blindness?

A) vitamin A deficiency
B) vitamin B₁ deficiency
C) vitamin C deficiency
D) vitamin D deficiency

Question 55

Which of the following vitamin deficiencies leads to beriberi?

A) vitamin A deficiency
B) vitamin B₁ deficiency
C) vitamin C deficiency
D) vitamin D deficiency

Question 56

Which of the following statements is true of animal proteins?

A) All of them are complete proteins.
B) All of them are incomplete proteins.
C) Most of them are complete proteins.
D) Most of them are incomplete proteins.

Question 57

In addition to the water contained in foods, approximately how much water should a person drink per day?

A) 200 to 300 mL
B) 1200 to 1500 mL
C) 1500 to 2000 mL
D) 600 to 700 mL

Question 58

Which of the following metals is part of the structure of vitamin B₁₂?

A) cobalt
B) copper
C) iron
D) zinc

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true of plant proteins?

A) All of them are complete proteins.
B) All of them are incomplete proteins.
C) Most of them are complete proteins.
D) Most of them are incomplete proteins.

Question 60

Which of the following mineral deficiencies leads to pernicious anemia?

A) cobalt deficiency
B) copper deficiency
C) iron deficiency
D) zinc deficiency

Question 61

Which of the following dietary components has not recently been linked to depression?

A) fatty acids
B) iron (II)
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin B₁₂
E) All of these have been linked to depression.

Question 62

Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is associated with depression?

A) thiamine deficiency
B) riboflavin deficiency
C) biotin deficiency
D) folic acid deficiency

Question 63

Examine the following structure. Consider the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme carboxypeptidase. Which location in the diagram represented by a letter would be the site of this type of hydrolysis?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) Hydrolysis could occur at any of the indicated points.

Question 64

Consider the given blank food pyramid. In which level of the food pyramid are the substances found that should be minimized in the diet?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 65

In diabetic women, which of the following vitamin supplementations is correlated with lowered depression risk and is thought to decrease insulin resistance?

A) omega unsaturated fatty acid supplementation
B) vitamin C supplementation
C) vitamin D supplementation
D) vitamin B₁₂ supplementation
E) none of these

Question 66

Which of the following effects is associated with caffeine?

A) the activation of lipases
B) dehydration
C) the stimulation of the central nervous system
D) all of these

Question 67

Consider the given blank food pyramid. Which level of the food pyramid has starch-rich foods such as bread, cereal, rice, and pasta?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 68

The following structure represents a storage polysaccharide such as glycogen or starch. Each sphere represents a monomer of the polymer. When this structure is broken down during metabolism, which of the following monomers might be produced?

A) glucose
B) maltose
C) sucrose
D) Both glucose and maltose could be produced.
E) All of the saccharides listed might be produced.

Question 69

Examine the following structure. If the polymer shown in the diagram is hydrolyzed into its monomers, this process would represent which of the following?

A) protein metabolism
B) lipid metabolism
C) fatty acid metabolism
D) carbohydrate metabolism

Question 70

The following structure represents a storage polysaccharide such as glycogen or starch. Each sphere represents a monomer of the polymer. When this structure is broken down during metabolism, the debranching enzyme would hydrolyze monomers at which point in the polymer as indicated by the letters?

A) A only
B) B only
C) C only
D) Hydrolysis could occur at B or C.
E) Hydrolysis could occur at A, B, or C.

Question 71

Examine the following structure. Hydrolysis by HCl in the stomach could occur at which of the regions indicated by a letter?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) Hydrolysis could occur at any of the indicated points.

Question 72

Why is creatine not considered equivalent to banned anabolic steroids?

A) because it is a natural amino acid found in muscles
B) because it is an essential natural amino acid found associated with proteins
C) because it can stimulate the central nervous system
D) for all of these reasons

Question 73

Which of the following is true of glycogen depletion during vigorous exercise?

A) Exercise does not affect glycogen supplies.
B) Glycogen is depleted rapidly and at equal rates from the muscles and the liver.
C) Glycogen is first depleted from the liver and then from the muscles.
D) Glycogen is first depleted from the muscles and then from the liver.