Deck 5: Sensation

Question 1

The sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive to most people that they immediately recognize it as shamefully immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect

A) habituation.
B) insecure attachments.
C) affectively laden intuitions.
D) formal operations.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Mark thinks that language development over the life span requires a slow but steady shaping process. His belief is most directly relevant to the issue of

A) continuity and stages.
B) secure and insecure attachments.
C) concrete and formal operations.
D) generativity and stagnation.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The tips of chromosomes that wear down as we age are called

A) teratogens.
B) scaffolds.
C) schemas.
D) telomeres.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of

A) continuity and stages.
B) stability and change.
C) nature and nurture.
D) primary and secondary sex characteristics.

Question 5

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) ________ morality.

A) Conventional
B) Unconventional
C) preconventional
D) postconventional

Question 6

During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children acquire a

A) theory of mind.
B) concept of conservation.
C) sense of object permanence.
D) capacity for abstract reasoning.

Question 7

Deficient social interaction and an impaired understanding of others' emotional states is most characteristic of

A) autism.
B) menarche.
C) infantile amnesia.
D) object permanence.

Question 8

A child's realization that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of

A) object permanence.
B) egocentrism.
C) a theory of mind.
D) stranger anxiety.

Question 9

A public initiation into adult responsibilities and status is called a

A) social clock.
B) critical period.
C) rite of passage.
D) formal operational stage.

Question 10

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by

A) Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
B) Piaget's cognitive development theory.
C) Kohlberg's moral development theory.
D) Harlow's attachment theory.

Question 11

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of

A) conservation.
B) assimilation.
C) habituation.
D) accommodation.

Question 12

Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the

A) embryo.
B) ovaries.
C) teratogens.
D) placenta.

Question 13

By a week after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers'

A) faces.
B) voices.
C) temperament.
D) tender touches.

Question 14

"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style.

A) Preconventional
B) Authoritative
C) formal operational
D) authoritarian

Question 15

A series of small strokes that progressively damage an older adult's brain is most likely to produce

A) menarche.
B) dementia.
C) Asperger syndrome.
D) Alzheimer's disease.

Question 16

A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every 3 years as they progress through school is conducting a(n) ________ study.

A) longitudinal
B) Experimental
C) cross-sectional
D) chronological

Question 17

Compared with the children of authoritarian parents, the children of authoritative parents are

A) less likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.
B) more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and less likely to demonstrate social competence.
C) less likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and less likely to demonstrate social competence.
D) more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.

Question 18

Female breasts are to ________ as male testes are to ________.

A) menarche; menopause
B) menopause; menarche
C) secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics
D) primary sex characteristics; secondary sex characteristics

Question 19

Taking certain drugs during pregnancy is likely to expose unborn children to

A) critical periods.
B) role confusion.
C) teratogen.
D) schemas.

Question 20

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of

A) egocentrism.
B) object permanence.
C) insecure attachment.
D) post conventional morality.

Question 21

Cross-sectional research

A) compares people of different ages with one another.
B) studies the same group of people at different times.
C) is used for studying cognitive development during infancy.
D) is used for studying social development during infancy.

Question 22

A child whose mother drank heavily when she was pregnant is at heightened risk of

A) being emotionally excitable during childhood.
B) becoming insecurely attached.
C) being born with the physical and cognitive abnormalities of fetal alcoholsyndrome.
D) addiction to a range of drugs throughout life.

Question 23

In Erikson's theory, individuals generally focus on developing ________ during adolescence and then ________ during young adulthood.

A) identity; intimacy
B) intimacy; identity
C) basic trust; identity
D) identity; basic trust

Question 24

Before Piaget, people were more likely to believe that

A) the child's mind is a miniature model of the adult's.
B) children think about the world in radically different ways from adults.
C) the child's mind develops through a series of stages.
D) children interpret their experiences in terms of their current understandings.

Question 25

To which of Kohlberg's levels would moral reasoning based on the existence of fundamental human rights pertain?

A) preconventional morality
B) conventional morality
C) postconventional morality
D) generative morality

Question 26

The term critical period refers to

A) prenatal development.
B) the initial 2 hours after a child's birth.
C) the preoperational stage.
D) a restricted time for learning.

Question 27

Stranger anxiety develops soon after

A) the concept of conservation.
B) egocentrism.
C) a theory of mind.
D) the concept of object permanence.

Question 28

Research on the American family indicates that

A) fewer than 23 percent of unmarried adults, but nearly 40 percent of married adults, report being "very happy" with life.
B) the divorce rate is now one-half the marriage rate.
C) children born to cohabiting parents are five times more likely to experience their parents' separation.
D) all of these statements are true.

Question 29

The idea that morality is rooted in moral intuitions rather than moral reasoning is the basis for

A) Lawrence Kohlberg's theory.
B) Jean Piaget's theory.
C) Jonathan Haidt's theory.
D) Erik Erikson's theory.

Question 30

The social clock refers to

A) an individual or society's distribution of work and leisure time.
B) adulthood responsibilities.
C) typical ages for starting a career, marrying, and so on.
D) age-related changes in one's circle of friends.

Question 31

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a

A) sense of object permanence.
B) concept of conservation.
C) capacity for habituation.
D) secure attachment.

Question 32

The process of imprinting occurs during a brief developmental phase known as

A) menarche.
B) puberty.
C) menopause.
D) a critical period.

Question 33

The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by

A) Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
B) Piaget's cognitive development theory.
C) Harlow's attachment theory.
D) Kohlberg's moral development theory.

Question 34

In terms of incidence, susceptibility to short-term illnesses ________ with age and susceptibility to long-term ailments ________ with age.

A) decreases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) increases; increases
D) decreases; decreases

Question 35

A child can be born a drug addict because

A) drugs used by the mother will pass into the child's bloodstream.
B) addiction is an inherited personality trait.
C) drugs used by the mother create genetic defects in her chromosomes.
D) the fetus' blood has not yet developed a resistance to drugs.

Question 36

Insecurely attached infants who are left by their mothers in an unfamiliar setting often will

A) hold fast to their mothers on their return.
B) explore the new surroundings confidently.
C) be indifferent toward their mothers on their return.
D) display little emotion at any time.

Question 37

Teratogens are

A) physical abnormalities in the developing fetus.
B) cognitive abnormalities in the developing fetus.
C) chemicals and viruses that cross the placenta and may harm the developingfetus.
D) fertilized eggs.

Question 38

The popular idea that terminally ill and bereaved people go through predictable stages, such as denial, anger, and so forth

A) is widely supported by research.
B) more accurately describes grieving in some cultures than others.
C) is true of women but not men.
D) is not supported by research studies.

Question 39

After their grown children have left home, most couples experience

A) the distress of the empty nest syndrome.
B) increased strain in their marital relationship.
C) the need to have their children visit often.
D) greater happiness and enjoyment in their relationship.

Question 40

The preferred age for retirement is quite different in Mexico than in Western Europe. This best illustrates that ________ differs from culture to culture.

A) the maturational cycle
B) rites of passage
C) terminal decline
D) the social clock

Question 41

Whose stage theory of moral development was based on how people reasoned about ethical dilemmas?

A) Erikson
B) Piaget
C) Harlow
D) Kohlberg

Question 42

After puberty, the self-concept usually becomes

A) more positive in boys.
B) more positive in girls.
C) more positive in both boys and girls.
D) more negative in both boys and girls.

Question 43

Newborns vigorously root for a nipple when

A) their foot is tickled.
B) their cheek is touched.
C) they hear a loud noise.
D) they make eye contact with their caregiver.

Question 44

An older person who can look back on life with satisfaction and reminisce with a sense of completion has attained Erikson's stage of

A) generativity.
B) intimacy.
C) isolation.
D) integrity.

Question 45

The Harlows' studies of attachment in monkeys showed that

A) provision of nourishment was the single most important factor motivating attachment.
B) a cloth mother produced the greatest attachment response.
C) whether a cloth or wire mother was present mattered less than the presence or absence of other infants.
D) attachment in monkeys is based on imprinting.

Question 46

In Piaget's stage of concrete operational intelligence, the child acquires an understanding of the principle of

A) conservation.
B) deduction.
C) attachment.
B) object permanence.

Question 47

In preconventional morality, the person

A) obeys out of a sense of social duty.
B) conforms to gain social approval.
C) obeys to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards.
D) follows the dictates of his or her conscience.

Question 48

Underlying Alzheimer's disease is a deterioration in neurons that produce

A) epinephrine.
B) norepinephrine.
C) serotonin.
D) acetylcholine.

Question 49

Among the hallmarks of growing up are a boy's first ejaculation and a girl's first menstrual period, which also is called

A) puberty.
B) menopause.
C) menarche.
D) generativity.

Question 50

According to Piaget, the ability to think logically about abstract propositions is indicative of the stage of

A) preoperational thought.
B) concrete operations.
C) formal operations.
D) postconventional thought.

Question 51

Which of the following was not found by the Harlows in socially deprived monkeys?

A) They had difficulty mating.
B) They showed extreme fear or aggression when first seeing other monkeys.
C) They showed abnormal physical development.
D) The females were abusive mothers.

Question 52

According to Erikson, the central psychological challenges pertaining to adolescence, young adulthood, and middle age, respectively, are

A) identity formation; intimacy; generativity.
B) intimacy; identity formation; generativity.
C) generativity; intimacy; identity formation.
D) intimacy; generativity; identity formation.

Question 53

Research findings on infant motor development are consistent with the idea that

A) cognitive development lags significantly behind motor skills development.
B) maturation of physical skills is relatively unaffected by experience.
C) in the absence of relevant earlier learning experiences, the emergence of motor skills will be slowed.
D) in humans, the process of maturation may be significantly altered by cultural

Question 54

Which is the correct order of stages of prenatal development?

A) zygote, fetus, embryo
B) zygote, embryo, fetus
C) embryo, zygote, fetus
D) embryo, fetus, zygote

Question 55

Which is the correct sequence of stages in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

A) sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
B) sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational
C) preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational
D) preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational

Question 56

Longitudinal research

A) compares people of different ages.
B) studies the same people at different times.
C) usually involves a larger sample than does cross-sectional research.
D) usually involves a smaller sample than does cross-sectional research.

Question 57

Of the following, which is a possible cause of dementia?

A) Stroke
B) brain tumor
C) alcohol dependence
D) All of these are possible causes.

Question 58

Piaget held that egocentrism is characteristic of the

A) sensorimotor stage.
B) preoperational stage.
C) concrete operational stage.
D) formal operational stage.

Question 59

Dr. Joan Goodman is studying how memory changes as people get older. She is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.

A) Social
B) Cognitive
C) developmental
D) experimental

Question 60

Adolescence is marked by the onset of

A) an identity crisis.
B) parent-child conflict.
C) the concrete operational stage.
D) puberty.

Question 61

A decrease in responding with repeated stimulation is called

A) imprinting.
B) assimilation.
C) habituation.
D) conservation.

Question 62

According to Erikson, adolescents who are unable to develop a sense of identity experience

A) postconventional morality.
B) role confusion.
C) egocentrism.
D) dementia.

Question 63

The cognitive ability that has been shown to decline during adulthood is the ability to

A) recall new information.
B) recognize new information.
C) learn meaningful new material.
D) use judgment in dealing with daily life problems.

Question 64

When psychologists discuss maturation, they are referring to stages of growth that are NOT influenced by

A) conservation.
B) nature.
C) nurture.
D) continuity.

Question 65

A student who does not cheat on tests because he doesn't want to violate classroom rules is in Kohlberg's ________ stage.

A) Preconventional
B) Preoperational
C) conventional
D) postconventional

Question 66

According to Piaget, children acquire the mental operations needed to comprehend such things as mathematical transformations and conservation during the ________ stage.

A) Preoperational
B) Sensorimotor
C) concrete operational
D) formal operational

Question 67

A mother who consistently responds supportively to her infant's cries for care and protection is most likely to encourage

A) egocentrism.
B) stranger anxiety.
C) secure attachment.
D) conservation.

Question 68

"Facebook fatigue" is most likely to be experienced by adolescents who become overly absorbed by

A) imprinting.
B) social networking.
C) stranger anxiety.
D) cross-sectional study.

Question 69

According to Piaget, children in the preoperational stage are able to

A) represent objects with words and images.
B) reason abstractly and test hypotheses.
C) understand the principle of conservation.
D) think logically about tangible things.

Question 70

A child's understanding of how he or she is similar and different from other children is best described as part of the child's

A) insecure attachment.
B) critical period.
C) egocentrism.
D) self-concept.

Question 71

According to Piaget, assimilation involves

A) the absorption of nutrients into the body for growth and development.
B) training children to behave in a socially acceptable manner.
C) interpreting new experiences in terms of one's current understanding.
D) altering existing schemas in order to incorporate new information.

Question 72

Which of the following statements concerning the effects of aging is true?

A) Aging almost inevitably leads to total memory failure if the individual lives long enough.
B) Aging increases susceptibility to short-term ailments such as the flu.
C) Significant increases in life satisfaction are associated with aging.
D) The aging process can be significantly affected by the individual's activitypatterns.

Question 73

The average age at which puberty begins is ________ in boys; in girls, it is ________.

A) 14; 13
B) 13; 11
C) 11; 10
D) 10; 9

Question 74

Which of the following is correct?

A) Early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social advantage.
B) Early maturing girls are more popular and self-assured than girls who mature late.
C) Early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social disadvantage.
D) Early maturing boys are more popular and self-assured than boys who maturelate.

Question 75

The developmental theorist who suggested that securely attached children develop an attitude of basic trust is

A) Piaget.
B) Harlow.
C) Vygotsky.
D) Erikson.

Question 76

According to Piaget's theory, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate

A) object permanence.
B) comprehension of mathematical transformations.
C) the ability to think hypothetically.
D) any evidence of logic.

Question 77

"If you're really concerned about the rights and dignity of women," Yigal asked his older brother, "how can you justify buying pornographic magazines?" Yigal's 1.indicates that he is in the ________ stage of development.

A) formal operational
B) Conventional
C) preconventional
D) concrete operational

Question 78

Adjusting current schemas to make sense of new information is called

A) habituation.
B) accommodation.
C) assimilation.
D) maturation.

Question 79

According to Piaget, the preoperational stage is to the concrete operational stage as ________ is to ________.

A) assimilation; accommodation
B) object permanence; stranger anxiety
C) egocentrism; conservation
D) responsive parenting; temperament

Question 80

According to Kohlberg, morality based on a desire to uphold the laws of society is characteristic of the ________ stage.

A) Preconventional
B) Preoperational
C) conventional
D) postconventional