Deck 30: The Nervous System

Question 1

Which of the following are only found in the central nervous system and act as interpreters between the afferent and efferent nerves?

A) Sensory neurons
B) Microglia
C) Motor neurons
D) Astrocytes
E) Interneurons

Answer 1

Interneurons

Question 2

The membranes of the ____ contain large amounts of myelin that insulate the axons and allow them to send nerve impulses quickly.

A) cell body
B) axon
C) dendrites
D) Schwann cells
E) nerve fibers

Answer 2

Schwann cells

Question 3

Which of these electrolytes plays an important role in the generation of nerve impulses?

A) Calcium
B) Potassium
C) Phosphate
D) Magnesium
E) Sulfur

Answer 3

Potassium

Question 4

The components of a neuron that are short and branch profusely near the cell body are the ____.

A) cell bodies
B) axons
C) dendrites
D) Schwann cells
E) neuroglial cells

Question 5

Which of the following does not describe the white matter of the spinal cord?

A) It is the outer part of the spinal cord.
B) It has bulges or sections called horns.
C) It contains myelinated axons.
D) Its divisions are called columns.
E) It has groups of axons called nerve tracts.

Question 6

Which of the following are the membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord?

A) Meninges
B) Dermatomes
C) Neurotransmitters
D) Interneurons
E) Ganglia

Question 7

The toughest and outermost layer of the meninges is the ____.

A) subarachnoid space
B) dura mater
C) pia mater
D) arachnoid mater
E) epidural space

Question 8

The middle layer of the meninges, named for its spider web-like appearance, is the ____.

A) subarachnoid space
B) dura mater
C) pia mater
D) epidural space
E) arachnoid mater

Question 9

Which of these is the most delicate layer of the meninges, which sits directly on top of the brain and spinal cord and holds blood vessels onto the surface of these structures?

A) Subarachnoid space
B) Dura mater
C) Pia mater
D) Arachnoid mater
E) Epidural space

Question 10

A person can consciously inhibit a reflex because ____.

A) the reflex occurs exclusively in the spinal cord
B) all body responses are under voluntary control
C) the impulse goes to the cerebral cortex
D) repolarization occurs in an upward direction
E) interneurons are not involved in reflex actions

Question 11

The ____ causes muscles to contract or relax and glands to secrete products.

A) synaptic knob
B) axon diameter
C) neurotransmitter
D) interneuron
E) cell body

Question 12

Which of the following has an effect on the speed of impulse conduction?

A) Synaptic knob
B) Neurotransmitter
C) Axon diameter
D) Interneuron
E) Dendrite length

Question 13

At which vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

A) First lumbar vertebra
B) First sacral vertebra
C) First thoracic vertebra
D) Twelfth thoracic vertebra
E) Coccyx

Question 14

The ____ send information away from the cell body.

A) cells
B) axons
C) dendrites
D) Schwann cells
E) neuroglial cells

Question 15

The ____ is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater and contains cerebrospinal fluid.

A) dura mater
B) pia mater
C) meninges
D) subarachnoid space
E) epidural space

Question 16

Which component of a neuron contains organelles and produces the protein and energy needed to carry out its functions?

A) Cell body
B) Axon
C) Dendrites
D) Schwann cells
E) Nerve fibers

Question 17

The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord contains ____.

A) a viscous liquid
B) sensory neurons
C) motor neurons
D) muscle fibers
E) a watery fluid

Question 18

Located at the end of the axon branches, the ____ allows impulse transmission to continue to other neurons.

A) synaptic knob
B) neurotransmitter
C) axon diameter
D) interneuron
E) cell body

Question 19

Anything that inflames the CNS will cause ____.

A) pain
B) the blood-brain barrier to become more permeable
C) motor tremors
D) abnormal respirations
E) hypertension

Question 20

Which of the following can either stimulate neurons to send a nerve impulse or inhibit them from sending an impulse?

A) Synaptic knob
B) Axon diameter
C) Neurotransmitter
D) Interneuron
E) Cell body

Question 21

Which of the following connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord?

A) Cerebrum
B) Brainstem
C) Cerebellum
D) Diencephalon
E) Cortex

Question 22

A thick bundle of nerve fibers called the ____ connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

A) cerebrum
B) corpus callosum
C) gyri
D) longitudinal fissure
E) sulci

Question 23

Which lobe of the brain interprets visual stimuli?

A) Frontal
B) Parietal
C) Temporal
D) Occipital
E) Midbrain

Question 24

The ____ is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two halves.

A) cerebrum
B) corpus callosum
C) pons
D) medulla oblongata
E) midbrain

Question 25

Which lobe of the brain controls motor activity?

A) Frontal
B) Parietal
C) Temporal
D) Occipital
E) Midbrain

Question 26

Which of the following coordinates complex skeletal muscle contractions as well as fine movements?

A) Cerebrum
B) Spinal cord
C) Cerebellum
D) Pons
E) Medulla oblongata

Question 27

Which of the following structures of the spinal cord carries sensory information to the brain?

A) Ascending track
B) Descending track
C) Central canal
D) Reflex
E) Neuroglia

Question 28

The ____ of the spinal cord carries motor information from the brain to the muscles and glands.

A) ascending track
B) descending track
C) central canal
D) reflex
E) neuroglia

Question 29

Which of the following are the grooves on the surface of the cerebrum?

A) Cerebellum
B) Corpus callosum
C) Sulci
D) Gyri
E) Convolutions

Question 30

Which of these is located behind the pons and medulla oblongata?

A) Cerebrum
B) Brainstem
C) Cerebellum
D) Diencephalon
E) Midbrain

Question 31

Which of the following describes the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A) It is the outer part of the spinal cord.
B) It contains neuron cell bodies.
C) It contains myelinated axons.
D) Its divisions are called columns.
E) It has groups of axons called nerve tracts.

Question 32

Which lobe of the brain interprets sensations felt in or on the body?

A) Frontal
B) Parietal
C) Temporal
D) Occipital
E) Midbrain

Question 33

Which of the following is the groove between the two hemispheres of the brain?

A) Corpus callosum
B) Lateral sulcus
C) Gyrus
D) Central sulcus
E) Longitudinal fissure

Question 34

Which of the following does not describe the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A) It is the inner part of the spinal cord.
B) It contains neuron cell bodies.
C) Its divisions are called horns.
D) It contains myelinated axons.
E) Its central canal contains CSF.

Question 35

Which lobe of the brain interprets auditory stimuli?

A) Frontal
B) Parietal
C) Temporal
D) Occipital
E) Midbrain

Question 36

The "bumps" of brain matter between the sulci are called the ____.

A) gray matter
B) white matter
C) lobes
D) gyri
E) longitudinal fissures

Question 37

A(n) ____ is an automatic response to a stimulus.

A) ascending track
B) descending track
C) ganglia
D) reflex
E) neuroglia

Question 38

Which of the following can cause a motor response without getting information from the brain?

A) Ascending track
B) Descending track
C) Central canal
D) Reflex
E) Neuroglia

Question 39

Which of the following describes the white matter of the spinal cord?

A) It is the inner part of the spinal cord.
B) It contains neuron cell bodies.
C) Its divisions are called horns.
D) It contains myelinated axons.
E) It has bulges or sections called horns.

Question 40

The ____ is a part of the brainstem and regulates breathing.

A) cerebrum
B) brainstem
C) cerebellum
D) pons
E) diencephalon

Question 41

Which of these controls blood pressure, as well as coughing and sneezing reflexes?

A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Thalamus
D) Medulla oblongata
E) Hypothalamus

Question 42

Which of the following tests can be used to detect bleeding in the brain or spinal cord?

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) Cerebral angiography
D) Electroencephalography
E) Computerized tomography

Question 43

Which cranial nerves innervate the muscles of the throat, neck, and voice box?

A) Hypoglossal nerves
B) Accessory nerves
C) Vagus nerves
D) Glossopharyngeal nerves
E) Vestibulocochlear nerves

Question 44

The ____ nerves innervate the muscles in the stomach, intestines, and heart.

A) hypoglossal
B) accessory
C) vagus
D) glossopharyngeal
E) trigeminal

Question 45

The ____ has nerve tracts that connect the cerebrum to the cerebellum.

A) midbrain
B) pons
C) thalamus
D) medulla oblongata
E) hypothalamus

Question 46

Which of the following does not describe the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A) It secretes norepinephrine.
B) It slows the heart and respiratory rates.
C) It releases acetylcholine.
D) It activates the digestive glands.
E) It prepares the body for resting.

Question 47

Which of the following does not describe the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A) It secretes norepinephrine.
B) It increases the heart rate.
C) It prepares the body for "fight or flight."
D) It releases acetylcholine.
E) It slows down the stomach muscles.

Question 48

The largest part of the brain is the ____.

A) cerebrum
B) brainstem
C) cerebellum
D) pons
E) midbrain

Question 49

A(n) ____ can be used to diagnose Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) cerebral angiography
D) electroencephalography
E) lumbar puncture

Question 50

Which of the following controls visual reflexes?

A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Thalamus
D) Medulla oblongata
E) Hypothalamus

Question 51

Which of the following diagnostic procedures enables the examination of cerebrospinal fluid?

A) MRI
B) Lumbar puncture
C) Cerebral angiography
D) Electroencephalography
E) Computerized tomography

Question 52

The ____ nerves carry information about odors to the brain.

A) olfactory
B) trochlear
C) trigeminal
D) facial
E) glossopharyngeal

Question 53

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates muscles for chewing?

A) Olfactory nerves
B) Trochlear nerves
C) Trigeminal nerves
D) Facial nerves
E) Abducens nerves

Question 54

The cranial nerves that carry sensory information from the tongue are the ____.

A) olfactory nerves
B) trochlear nerves
C) trigeminal nerves
D) abducens nerves
E) facial nerves

Question 55

Which cranial nerves innervate the muscles of the tongue?

A) Hypoglossal nerves
B) Accessory nerves
C) Vagus nerves
D) Glossopharyngeal nerves
E) Trigeminal nerves

Question 56

The ____ nerves innervate muscles that move the eyeball.

A) olfactory
B) trochlear
C) trigeminal
D) facial
E) optic

Question 57

Which of the following describes the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A) It secretes norepinephrine.
B) It slows the heart and respiratory rates.
C) It releases acetylcholine.
D) It activates the digestive glands.
E) It prepares the body for resting.

Question 58

Which of the following describes the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A) It secretes norepinephrine.
B) It increases the heart rate.
C) It prepares the body for "fight or flight."
D) It releases acetylcholine.
E) It inhibits the stomach muscles.

Question 59

Which of these cranial nerves carry sensory information from the skin of the scalp and face?

A) Olfactory nerves
B) Trochlear nerves
C) Trigeminal nerves
D) Facial nerves
E) Oculomotor nerves

Question 60

The ____ nerves carry sensory information from the throat.

A) hypoglossal
B) accessory
C) vagus
D) glossopharyngeal
E) abducens

Question 61

Which type of headache causes soreness in the temples and can occur daily for weeks?

A) Migraine
B) Cluster
C) Tension
D) Circular
E) Neural

Question 62

Mrs. Tanneman has brought her husband to your office because she says "he just doesn't seem to understand anything anymore." She says he often just sits on the couch for hours staring into space and does not respond when she speaks to him. When he does respond to her questions, sometimes his answers don't have anything to do with the question she asked. Which of the following neurological tests would provide the most helpful information about Mr. Tanneman's health?

A) Lumbar puncture
B) Computerized tomography
C) MRI
D) X-ray
E) PET scan

Question 63

____ is a degenerative disease of the brain.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) Guillain-Barré syndrome
D) Stroke
E) Multiple sclerosis

Question 64

A chronic disease caused by demyelination of nerve tissue is ____.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) multiple sclerosis
D) epilepsy
E) sciatica

Question 65

____ occurs when the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system.

A) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B) Multiple sclerosis
C) Epilepsy
D) Bell's palsy
E) Guillain-Barré syndrome

Question 66

Jimmy fell from his tree house yesterday and hit the back his head on a tree branch. He appears to have only minor scrapes and bruises, but his mother brought him in today for a checkup, because she says his eyes are "acting funny." Which cranial nerves would you expect the physician to test for damage?

A) I and II
B) III, IV, and VI
C) V and VII
D) IV, V, and VI
E) XI and XII

Question 67

Also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, ____ is a degenerative disease of the spinal cord and brain.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) multiple sclerosis
D) epilepsy
E) meningitis

Question 68

In what order does an impulse flow through a typical reflex?

A) Interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons, receptors, effectors
B) Receptors, motor neurons, interneurons, sensory neurons, effectors
C) Receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons, effectors
D) Effectors, motor neurons, interneurons, sensory neurons, receptors
E) Interneurons, motor neurons, effectors, sensory neurons, receptors

Question 69

The ________, shown at letter C, serves as a relay station for sensory information.

Question 70

Vanessa is a 26-year-old patient who has just been diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome. She is very worried. She tells you she has heard terrible things about this syndrome. "I don't want to die!" she says. Which of the following would be your best response?

A) "Physical therapy can help keep your muscles strong after paralysis sets in."
B) "With proper medical treatment, this disease is not fatal; you may recover completely."
C) "We can use respirators and heart machines to keep you alive."
D) "You will not die, but you will probably be permanently paralyzed."
E) "There is no cure for Guillain-Barré syndrome."

Question 71

Which of the following diagnostic tests is useful in detecting aneurysms in the brain?

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) Cerebral angiography
D) Electroencephalography
E) Lumbar puncture

Question 72

When a person has ____, it is generally because brain cells die due to a lack of oxygen from a blocked artery.

A) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B) multiple sclerosis
C) epilepsy
D) Bell's palsy
E) a stroke

Question 73

Letter D shows the ________, which maintains homeostasis by regulating hunger, thirst, and body temperature.

Question 74

Marc is a diabetic patient who is in the office today because his face has felt "numb" for the last 24 hours. He also has a headache, and he says his eyes have been "watering." Which of the following diagnoses would you expect the physician to make?

A) Guillain-Barré syndrome
B) Lou Gehrig's disease
C) Bell's palsy
D) Meningitis
E) Neuralgia

Question 75

The diagnostic test that detects electrical activity in the brain is a(n) ____.

A) MRI
B) PET scan
C) cerebral angiography
D) electroencephalography
E) computerized tomography

Question 76

____ headaches are generally more severe and intense than other types and are more often experienced by men.

A) Migraine
B) Cluster
C) Tension
D) Circular
E) Neural

Question 77

The ________, which contains motor areas that allow a person to move, is shown at letter
A.
frontal lobe

Question 78

Which of the following occurs when parts of the brain receive a burst of electrical signals that disrupt normal brain activity?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
C) Multiple sclerosis
D) Epilepsy
E) Bell's palsy

Question 79

A person who has a ____ headache often has an aura that may be a flashing light or strange odor.

A) migraine
B) cluster
C) tension
D) circular
E) neural

Question 80

Letter B indicates the ________, a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.