Deck 7: Nicotine

Question 1

How many of the 60 species of the genus Nicotiana can be used for human consumption?

A)2
B)7
C)15
D)28

Answer 1

A

Question 2

All of the tobaccos consumed in the United States come from the plant.

A)Nicotiana rustica
B)Nicotiana papyra
C)Nicotiana tabacum
D)none of these are correct

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following led to the decline of medicinal applications of tobacco?

A)trade restrictions with South America
B)knowledge of its addictive properties
C)influence from religious leaders
D)guidelines issued by the Surgeon General

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the minimum nicotine dosage considered to be fatal in human beings?

A)25 milligrams
B)60 milligrams
C)1 gram
D)4 grams

Question 5

Tobacco was thought to have medical value for about years.

A)150
B)200
C)350
D)500

Question 6

Which of the following people is most likely to have smoked cigarettes in the past month?

A)Maura, a 32-year-old Black woman
B)Brad, a 24-year-old White man
C)Estella, a 16-year-old Hispanic woman
D)Carter, a 19-year-old Black man

Question 7

How is snuff most commonly taken in Europe?

A)chewing
B)dipping
C)smoking
D)sniffing

Question 8

How do most smokers quit?

A)on their own
B)with the aid of their doctor
C)using self-help groups
D)using group therapy

Question 9

The main reason humans consume tobacco is for its content.

A)tar
B)nicotine
C)caffeine
D)carbon monoxide

Question 10

The concept of tobacco as therapeutic agent took a serious blow when Posselt and Reimann .

A)isolated nicotine
B)died from tobacco treatment
C)were cited for malpractice
D)published The Evil Weed

Question 11

Which of the following describes the relationship between smoking prevalence and employment status?

A)Current smoking prevalence for those over 18 is higher among individuals who are unemployed.
B)Current smoking prevalence for those over 18 is lower among individuals who are unemployed.
C)Differences in smoking status between the unemployed and the employed are only evident in males.
D)There is no relationship between smoking prevalence and employment status.

Question 12

When was the peak of smoking among Americans?

A)1860
B)1918
C)1945
D)1963
E)1979

Question 13

If you went back in time, in which year would you see more people smoking in the United States?

A)1958
B)1969
C)1977
D)1983

Question 14

Which of the following anti-smoking efforts was successful?

A)the papal bulls issued by Popes Urban VIII and Innocent X
B)the efforts of Sultan Marad IV in 1633
C)the smoking prohibition by the Russian czar in 1634
D)the Japanese edict of 1603
E)None of these were successful.

Question 15

Which racial/ethnic group has the highest rate of smoking for those over 26 years old?

A)Whites
B)Blacks
C)Hispanics
D)There are no ethnic differences.

Question 16

are the most toxic way to smoke tobacco.

A)Cigars
B)Pipes
C)Cigarettes
D)Hookahs

Question 17

The highest rates of current cigarette use are among .

A)14- to 17-year-olds
B)18- to 25-year-olds
C)26- to 40-year olds
D)people over 40 years old

Question 18

% of people who die from smoking-related causes in the United States began smoking as adolescents.

A)25
B)50
C)75
D)90

Question 19

Nicotiana tabacum is indigenous to .

A)the United States
B)Spain
C)Africa
D)South America

Question 20

In the early years after the Europeans were first introduced to tobacco use, which country held a monopoly on the world market?

A)England
B)France
C)Portugal
D)Spain

Question 21

Nicotine has been shown to have effects.

A)calming
B)stimulating
C)both calming and stimulating
D)None of these are correct.

Question 22

Nicotine has -like effects.

A)dopamine
B)serotonin
C)acetylcholine
D)norepinephrine

Question 23

Most of the cancer-causing substances in smoke are in .

A)carbon monoxide
B)tar
C)nicotine
D)carbon dioxide

Question 24

How long does it take to develop the first signs of nicotine tolerance?

A)the first time smoking
B)after one week of smoking regularly
C)after one month of smoking regularly
D)Tolerance to nicotine does not develop.

Question 25

The distribution half-life of nicotine is .

A)1-10 minutes
B)10-20 minutes
C)25-50 minutes
D)2 hours

Question 26

How many countries use some type of visual warning on cigarettes to help prevent people from smoking or to encourage smokers to quit?

A)18
B)31
C)74
D)105

Question 27

The major organ(s) responsible for metabolizing nicotine is (are) the .

A)liver
B)kidneys
C)lungs
D)pancreas

Question 28

Which of the following is the most efficient way to get a dose of nicotine?

A)cigarette smoking
B)pipe smoking
C)using snuff intranasally
D)using chewing tobacco
E)cigarette or pipe smoking

Question 29

The most frequently reported nicotine withdrawal symptom is .

A)insomnia
B)anxiety
C)irritability
D)craving

Question 30

High levels of nicotine are maintained longer when ingested via which of the following?

A)hookah
B)chewing tobacco
C)cigarettes
D)cigars

Question 31

About Americans suffer premature deaths related to smoking every year.

A)75,000
B)185,000
C)260,000
D)480,000

Question 32

In , the U.S.Surgeon General officially determined that physical dependence develops to nicotine.

A)1928
B)1964
C)1988
D)2003

Question 33

Nicotine is most readily absorbed from the .

A)skin
B)lungs
C)nasal mucosa
D)gastrointestinal tract

Question 34

The group most likely to use moist snuff are .

A)young females
B)young males
C)adult men who earn less than $5,000/year
D)psychiatric outpatients

Question 35

How many cigarettes smoked in succession will cause a smoker to feel satiated based on neural receptor response?

A)just 1 cigarette
B)between 1 and 2 cigarettes
C)between 2 and 3 cigarettes
D)4 cigarettes

Question 36

Nicotine is eliminated from the body primarily in .

A)exhaled smoke
B)feces
C)urine
D)sweat

Question 37

Which of the following is true regarding the smoking-related mortality rates of men and women in the United States?

A)Men are more likely to die of smoking-related causes than women.
B)Women are more likely to die of smoking-related causes than men.
C)The smoking-related risk of death for men and women is almost identical.
D)Not enough research has been conducted on women smokers to draw any conclusions.

Question 38

What accounts for the calming effects of nicotine use?

A)It relaxes skeletal muscles.
B)its biphasic action and at higher doses, its effects are more depressant
C)the individual's beliefs about nicotine's effects
D)All of these are correct.

Question 39

facilitates many disease processes associated with smoking because of its advantage over oxygen in binding to hemoglobin.

A)Carbon monoxide
B)Tar
C)Nicotine
D)Carbon dioxide

Question 40

Where has the prevalence of smoking increased in recent years?

A)the United States
B)Ireland
C)Austria
D)Canada

Question 41

Which of the following would expose a person to third-hand smoke?

A)sitting in a park where people are smoking
B)hugging a person after they smoked a cigarette
C)sitting in a taxi when the driver is smoking
D)entering a store where cigarettes are sold

Question 42

Recent animal research suggests a major reason why smoking tends to begin in adolescence is that teens' brains are more susceptible to the rewarding effects of nicotine than are the brains of older individuals.

Question 43

Research on the use of nicotine replacement therapies leads to the conclusion that .

A)There are no demonstrable differences in effectiveness between different nicotine replacement therapies.
B)They are only slightly more effective than placebos.
C)There may be significant long-term consequences to their use.
D)Pairing them with behavioral therapies does little to enhance treatment effectiveness.

Question 44

The focus of the harm-reduction approach to nicotine dependence is to .

A)eliminate nicotine use entirely
B)reduce smoking to a standardized "healthy level"
C)eliminate or reduce the negative consequences of nicotine use
D)encourage smokers to switch to healthier methods of nicotine use, such as nicotine gum

Question 45

When a smoker returns to smoking after having abstained for some amount of time, he or she has experienced .

A)withdrawal
B)a rebound
C)a relapse
D)spontaneous remission

Question 46

Adolescent boys are much more likely to smoke than adolescent girls.

Question 47

The use of tobacco as a medical agent ended near the time of the U.S.Civil War.

Question 48

is a drug developed specifically for the treatment of smoking and works by competing with nicotine in binding to nicotine receptors in the brain.

A)Varenicline
B)Bupropion
C)Fluoxetine
D)Nicorette

Question 49

Which of the following tobacco products is associated with the highest rates of oral cancer?

A)cigarettes
B)cigars
C)snuff
D)e-cigarettes

Question 50

A general desire to try new and different experiences plays a role in adolescent smoking.

Question 51

In the late 15th century, Columbus introduced tobacco to the Indians.

Question 52

A pack-a-day smoker averages 150 nicotine reinforcements a day.

Question 53

The major way that nicotine is excreted from the body is through sweat.

Question 54

At higher doses, nicotine's effects tend to be more depressant than stimulatory.

Question 55

Generally, what are the annual costs to the U.S.economy due to smoking?

A)tens of millions of dollars
B)hundreds of millions of dollars
C)tens of billions of dollars
D)hundreds of billions of dollars

Question 56

What has been the outcome of lawsuits filed against tobacco companies for harm caused by cigarette smoking?

A)Lawsuits filed by individuals and families have been more successful than class-action lawsuits.
B)Class-action lawsuits have been more successful than lawsuits filed by individuals and families.
C)Lawsuits filed by individuals and families and class-action lawsuits have both been largely successful.
D)Neither class-action lawsuits nor those filed by individuals and families have been successful.

Question 57

Water pipe smoking results in greater exposure to carbon monoxide than cigarette smoking.

Question 58

Which of the following is not true of behavioral programs for smoking cessation?

A)One of the key components is the identification of high-risk situations.
B)They may not involve direct contact with professional staff.
C)They have been shown to be an effective way to stop smoking.
D)Treatment lasts four to six months on average.

Question 59

The Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, which required warning labels to be placed on cigarette packages, originally took effect in .

A)1925
B)1952
C)1966
D)1973

Question 60

is a disease in which the lung's air spaces are abnormally diluted and the lungs walls are distended.

A)Glaucoma
B)Bronchitis
C)Lung cancer
D)Emphysema

Question 61

The nicotine patch appears to be much more effective than nicotine gum.

Question 62

Research has demonstrated that the decreased tar and nicotine contained in today's cigarette brands has resulted in decreased tar and nicotine consumption by smokers.

Question 63

What are the health problems associated with tobacco use? What constituents of tobacco cause these problems?

Question 64

How has understanding of the effects of secondhand smoke impacted behaviors in the United States? What strategies do you think could be implemented to address the risks from third-hand smoke?

Question 65

"Controlled" smoking is one popular and effective option in smoking treatment programs.

Question 66

Compared to nonsmokers, the life expectancy of a regular smoker is about five years shorter.

Question 67

A problem with nicotine gum is that many patients become dependent on it.

Question 68

Lung cancer is the leading major cancer-related cause of death among women.

Question 69

What are the types of treatment available for smokers? What are some of the components of each? What type of smoker is most likely to benefit from each?

Question 70

Briefly describe the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nicotine.What factors affect these processes? What organs or systems are involved?

Question 71

Describe the processes of tolerance to and dependence on nicotine.What is the time frame of tolerance to nicotine?
What are the symptoms of dependence?

Question 72

Smokers tend to weigh more than nonsmokers.

Question 73

The harm reduction approach to reducing cigarette smoking is now the most widely accepted approach in the United
States.