Deck 13: Deviant Behavior and Social Reaction

Question 1

According to labeling theory, rule-breaking behaviors become deviant only if they are discovered by others and deemed "deviant."

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to anomie theory, lack of access to education is a main cause deviant behavior.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In middle school, Jen cried easily and sometimes threw temper tantrums at school.Her classmates began to call her Crybaby and Jerk Face, which led Jen to act out and misbehave in other ways.By high school she was cutting class to hang out with a gang of high school dropouts.Jen's reaction most directly demonstrates _____________.

A)Self-rejection
B)Secondary deviance
C)Status loss
D)Redefinition

Answer 3

Secondary deviance

Question 4

Rachel and Mitzie were both raised in families that loved fancy, expensive clothing.However, they both have low-wage jobs and are unable to afford expensive clothing.As adults, Rachel shoplifts in order to boost her wardrobe.Mitzie decided that clothes are no longer important to her, so she just wears a few simply outfits.According to anomie theory, Rachel shows _____________whereas Mitzie shows _____________.

A)Rebellion; ritualism
B)Innovation; retreatism
C)Rebellion; retreatism
D)Innovation; rebellion

Question 5

Violating local norms is likely to lead to involvement of formal control agencies like the police.

Question 6

In a study, two young White men and two young Black men (matched on age, physical appearance, and style) applied for the same jobs one day apart.For some jobs, they reported having a criminal record, for others they did not.What was the main finding?

A)Having a criminal record led to significantly fewer job interview offers, at an equal rate for Black and White applicants
B)Neither race nor criminal record status influence the rate of job interview offers
C)Having a criminal record did not affect job interview offers, but race did (Black men received fewer offers)
D)Having a criminal record led to significantly fewer job interview offers, especially for Black applicants

Question 7

Octavia routinely disobeys her boss at work.Her boss, Bette, reacts by acknowledging that Octavia's behavior breaks rule, but emphasizes that Octavia's charisma keeps everyone in the office happy and motivated to work hard.Bette's reaction is an example of _____________.

A)Denial
B)Normalization
C)Attenuation
D)Balancing

Question 8

Studies suggest that there is no association between unemployment and crime rates in the United States.

Question 9

Among Tom's friends, pick-pocketing is acceptable (despite being illegal) as long as the target is wealthy.As a result, Tom begins to pick-pocket wealthy individuals.This behavior is best explained by which theory?

A)Anomie theory
B)Control theory
C)Differential associations theory
D)Routine activities theory

Question 10

Tayne used cocaine a couple of times early in college, but stopped because she feared that a positive drug test would compromise their athletic scholarship.This is an example of ________.

A)Institutionalization of deviance
B)Effective social control
C)Unanticipated deviance
D)Back-tracking

Question 11

Over the course of several years, Enron employees supported each others' fraudulent activity because it benefitted them and the corporation.This is an example of:

A)Institutionalization of deviance
B)Effective social control
C)Labeling
D)Back-tracking

Question 12

Which of the following is most consistent with anomie theory?

A)Lower unemployment is related to higher crime rates
B)Unemployment is unrelated to crime rate
C)Higher unemployment is related to higher crime rates
D)Higher unemployment is related to restricted access to education

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a means of formal social control?

A)Judges
B)Probation officers
C)Principals
D)Juries

Question 14

Research on reactions to norm violations suggests that you would be relatively more tolerant of all of the following individuals EXCEPT _____________.

A)One of your family members
B)Someone you perceive as similar to you
C)Someone you regularly depend on
D)Someone who has been known to break rules before

Question 15

Labeling a person as deviant serves all of the following functions, EXCEPT?

A)To reduce deviant behavior
B)To unify the group or society
C)Provide concrete examples of undesirable behavior
D)Provide scapegoats for the release of tension

Question 16

Monique belongs to debate team, the volleyball team, and volunteers on Saturday at the food bank.Due to these commitments, she often does not have time to go to the mall with her friends who sometimes shoplift.From the viewpoint of control theory, Monique is demonstrating _____________.

A)Attachment
B)Commitment to long-term goals
C)Involvement in social life
D)Belief

Question 17

Nomi illegal hacked into a company's records.She grew up San Francisco, surrounded by the latest in the technology industry, where she developed hacking skills.This environment is known as the ______________.With the help of other hackers and a former law enforcement officer, she was able to successful hack the company's computers.This environment is known as the ________________.

A)opportunity structure; learning structure
B)learning structure; opportunity structure
C)ritual; rebellion
D)rebellion; ritual

Question 18

Control theory is based on the assumption that people differ in their ability to regulate their own behavior.

Question 19

Joseph is hospitalized after he claims that aliens are speaking to him through the radio.His wife, Marsha, reacts by stating that his behavior is due to the high levels of stress he is experiencing at work.From the perspective of labeling theory, Marsha's reaction is an example of _____________.

A)Denial
B)Normalization
C)Attenuation
D)Balancing

Question 20

Jorge refuses to cheat on his psychology exam because, as part of his family upbringing, he internalized the value of honesty.From the viewpoint of control theory, Jorge is demonstrating _____________.

A)Attachment
B)Commitment to long-term goals
C)Involvement in social life
D)Belief

Question 21

According to the routine activities perspective, subcultures of violence and "stand your ground" laws normalize force and can therefore contribute to deviance.

Question 22

How does the routine activities perspective explain deviant behavior? Create an example to illustrate your point.

Question 23

Describe the process by which being labeled as deviant can lead to increased deviant behavior.

Question 24

Probation officers develop schemas or typologies of different types of convicts, which contain beliefs about the motive for the crime, the appropriate treatment and prognosis.

Question 25

Sharon and Alex have a teenage child whose has begun to engage in very bizarre behavior, such as talking to dead people.Based on what you learned about reactions to rule-breaking, describe the four possible reactions they are likely to have.Define each reaction and provide an example using the case of Sharon and Alex's child.

Question 26

Reactions to a norm or rule violation depend on characteristics of the actor, audience and situation.Choose one of these factors (actor, audience and situation) and elaborate on how it influences reactions to violations.Provide specific details.

Question 27

What is the deterrence hypothesis? What does research on the deterrence hypothesis generally conclude?

Question 28

One undesirable consequence of formal labeling people as deviant or criminal is that it tends to reduce solidarity and cohesion among remaining members of society.

Question 29

Self-rejection tends to decrease future deviant behavior.

Question 30

Deviant subcultures are attractive to some because they provide a source of acceptance to people who feel stigmatized rejected by others.

Question 31

Research findings widely support the deterrence hypothesis.

Question 32

Marla stole prescription medications from work to treat her sick uncle.Her uncle recovers from his illness.This act is an example of positive deviance, defined as a rule-breaking behavior that leads to a positive outcome.

Question 33

Zeke's friends have labeled him as paranoid.The friend group talks about Zeke's paranoia when he leaves the room and becomes silent when he returns.Zeke begins to question if people are talking about him and becomes paranoid.This is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 34

People are more likely to judge favorably an in-group member who deviates from in-group norms than an out-group member who deviates from his own group's norms.

Question 35

The criminal justice system treats women more leniently than men.