Deck 35: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Question 1

A sign that a newborn infant may have pyloric stenosis is:

A) Diarrhea
B) Bile regurgitation
C) Olive-sized mass in the upper abdomen
D) Ascites with a fluid wave visible across the abdomen

Answer 1

Olive-sized mass in the upper abdomen

Question 2

Kwashiorkor is a severe dietary deficiency of:

A) Fat-soluble vitamins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Protein
D) Calcium and magnesium

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

An 8-week-old female is diagnosed with a congenital heart disease and Down syndrome.Her parents report that she has difficulty defecating.X-ray reveals anorectal malformation that causes complete obstruction often referred to as:

A) Intussusception
B) Imperforate anus
C) Meckel diverticulum
D) Megacolon

Answer 3

Imperforate anus

Question 4

A 2-month-old female with Down syndrome is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease following family complaints of chronic constipation.The most likely cause of these symptoms is:

A) Absence of ganglia along the length of the colon
B) The use of cow's milk instead of formula
C) Excessive use of glycerin suppositories to promote bowel elimination
D) Additional ganglia throughout the length of the colon

Question 5

A 2-month-old female is brought to the emergency room (ER)for persistent bile-stained vomiting after feeding.Physical examination reveals dehydration,and x-ray reveals that the colon is located in the upper right quadrant.What is the most likely cause of this condition?

A) Malrotation
B) Ileocecal displacement
C) Pyloric stenosis
D) Meconium ileus

Question 6

Celiac disease,or sprue,is caused by alterations of the intestinal:

A) Glands
B) Villi
C) Smooth muscle wall
D) Sphincters

Question 7

Which condition should the nurse assess for in mothers carrying fetuses affected by esophageal malformations?

A) Enlarged placentas
B) Excessive amniotic fluid
C) Short umbilical cords
D) Foul smelling vaginal discharge

Question 8

Examination of a newborn female revealed that the esophagus ends in a blind pouch.This condition is referred to on the chart as:

A) Esophageal atresia
B) Tracheoesophageal stenosis
C) Esophagitis
D) Pyloric stenosis

Question 9

Occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux is highest in which pediatric population?

A) Premature infants
B) Infants with Down syndrome
C) Children with cystic fibrosis
D) Children with esophageal atresia

Question 10

Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because:

A) Children have lower adipose reserves.
B) Fluid reserves are lower in children.
C) Children have a lower metabolic rate.
D) Children are more resistant to antimicrobial therapy.

Question 11

A 1-week-old female is brought to her pediatrician for abdominal distention and unstable temperature.Physical examination reveals bradycardia and apnea.Tests reveal hypoxic injury to the bowel resulting in bacterial invasion and perforation.This condition is referred to as:

A) Infective enteropathy
B) Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
C) Mucoviscidosis
D) Ileus

Question 12

The primary complication of enterocolitis associated with Hirschsprung disease is related to which finding?

A) Fecal impaction
B) Pancreatic insufficiency
C) Hyperactive peristalsis
D) Ileal atresia

Question 13

A mother brings her 2-week-old infant to the pediatrician because he vomits forcefully for no apparent reason and food sometimes is regurgitated as though undigested.The infant is most likely suffering from:

A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Meconium ileus
C) Esophageal atresia
D) Galactosemia

Question 14

An 8-week-old male was recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis.Which of the following digestive alterations would be expected?

A) Insufficient bile production
B) Gastric atrophy
C) Hypersecretion of stomach acid
D) Malabsorption

Question 15

Intussusception is treated initially by:

A) Bowel resection
B) An air enema
C) Laxative
D) Doubling fluid intake

Question 16

Marasmus is most common in children of which age group?

A) Younger than one
B) 1 to 2 years
C) 5 to 6 years
D) 12 to 15 years

Question 17

Meconium ileus is associated with which of the following disorders?

A) Pyloric stenosis
B) Esophageal atresia
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Esophagitis

Question 18

A 6-month-old male infant is brought to the ER after the sudden development of abdominal pain,irritability,and vomiting followed by passing of "currant jelly" stool.Ultrasound reveals intestinal obstruction in which the ileum collapsed through the ileocecal valve and invaginated into the large intestine.This type of obstruction is referred to as:

A) Prolapse
B) Pyloric stenosis
C) Intussusception
D) Imperforation

Question 19

A 13-month-old infant presents with vomiting; abdominal pain; and pale,bulky,greasy,and foul-smelling stools.A possible diagnosis the clinician would document on the chart might be:

A) Failure to thrive
B) Gluten-sensitive enteropathy
C) Gastroesophageal reflux
D) Meconium ileus

Question 20

The family learns that a 3D ultrasound of a 9-week fetus shows incomplete fusion of the nasomedial or intermaxillary process.The family will be told that the child will be born with:

A) Cleft lip
B) Nasal passage atresia
C) Esophageal atresia
D) Lack of dentition

Question 21

A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice,clay-colored stool,and failure to gain weight.Testing reveals the absence of intrahepatic bile ducts.This condition is referred to as _____ atresia.

A) Hepatic
B) Portal
C) Sinusoidal
D) Biliary

Question 22

Early identification and treatment for metabolic disorders is important because:

A) Permanent damage to vital organs can be prevented.
B) Surgery is usually necessary.
C) Cure rates are higher with early detection.
D) Death usually occurs within the first month.

Question 23

Outbreaks of hepatitis _____ often occur in young children attending day care centers and can be attributed to poor hand washing.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 24

When an infant has increased bilirubin production and impaired hepatic excretion of bilirubin,what does the nurse suspect is occurring in the patient?

A) Biliary hypertrophy
B) Physiologic jaundice
C) Hepatitis A
D) Infantile cirrhosis

Question 25

A newborn male is diagnosed with cleft palate.The pediatrician counsels the parents that complications of cleft palate include (select all that apply):

A) Tonsil hypertrophy
B) Recurrent paranasal infections
C) Difficulty breathing
D) Excessive dental decay
E) Hearing loss

Question 26

The nurse would correctly identify the most common symptom of Meckel diverticulum as:

A) Constipation
B) Vomiting
C) Rectal bleeding
D) Ascites

Question 27

A 7-month-old female presents with jaundice,clay-colored stool,and failure to gain weight.She is diagnosed with biliary atresia.The nurse realizes the treatment for this disorder will most likely be:

A) Immunoglobulins
B) Liver transplant
C) Bone marrow transplant
D) Dietary modifications

Question 28

A 27-year-old male presents with fever,GI bleeding,hepatomegaly,and transient joint pain.He reports that as a child he received blood transfusions following a motor vehicle accident.He also indicates he was vaccinated against hepatitis B.Which of the following types of hepatitis does the clinician think he most likely has?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D

Question 29

Which of the following are complications of gastroesophageal reflux? (Select all that apply.)

A) Aspiration pneumonia
B) Anemia
C) Weight loss
D) Delayed growth
E) Hepatomegaly

Question 30

A 3-month-old female presents with intention tremors,dystonia,greenish-yellow rings in the cornea,and hepatomegaly.Tests reveal a defect on chromosome 13.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Galactosemia
B) Fructosemia
C) Wilson disease
D) Cirrhosis

Question 31

The nurse assessing the patient with biliary atresia would expect to find which primary clinical manifestation?

A) Anemia
B) Jaundice
C) Hypobilirubinemia
D) Ascites

Question 32

Where does the nurse expect the obstruction to be in a patient with extrahepatic portal hypertension?

A) Sinusoids
B) Bile ducts
C) Hepatic portal vein
D) Hepatic artery