Deck 7: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Question 1

A 30-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting fatigue,excessive sweating,and increased appetite.Physical examination reveals protruding eyes,and laboratory testing reveals hyperthyroidism secondary to autoantibody production.This disorder falls into the category of type _____ hypersensitivity.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Answer 1

II

Question 2

Several prisoners are experiencing symptoms of tuberculosis.A tuberculin reaction test was ordered.This test is an example of type _____ hypersensitivity.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Answer 2

IV

Question 3

A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with SLE.Which of the following findings would be considered a symptom of this disease?

A) Gastrointestinal ulcers
B) Decreased glomerular filtration rate
C) Rash on trunk and extremities
D) Photosensitivity

Answer 3

Photosensitivity

Question 4

A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood.He reports that he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons' cages.Testing reveals he is suffering from allergic alveolitis.Which of the following is he experiencing?

A) Serum sickness
B) Raynaud phenomenon
C) Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
D) Arthus reaction

Question 5

When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction,the nurse recognizes the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:

A) Urticaria
B) Hives
C) Anaphylaxis
D) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Question 6

While planning care,a nurse recalls seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through:

A) IgE-mediated reactions
B) Tissue-specific reactions
C) Antigen-antibody complexes
D) Type II hypersensitivity reactions

Question 7

A patient presents with poison ivy on the extremities,face,and buttocks.This condition is an example of:

A) Anaphylaxis
B) Serum sickness
C) Delayed hypersensitivity
D) Viral disease

Question 8

A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue,arthritis,rash,and changes in urine color.Laboratory testing reveals anemia,lymphopenia,and kidney inflammation.Assuming a diagnosis of SLE,which of the following is also likely to be present?

A) Anti-LE antibodies
B) Antinuclear antibodies
C) Antiherpes antibodies
D) Anti-CMV antibodies

Question 9

A 10-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting wheezing and difficulty breathing.History reveals that both of the child's parents suffer from allergies.Which of the following terms would be used to classify the child?

A) Desensitized
B) Atopic
C) Hyperactive
D) Autoimmune

Question 10

A 5-year-old female takes a hike through the woods during a school field trip.Upon returning home,she hugs her father,and he later develops poison ivy.Which of the following immune reactions is he experiencing?

A) IgE-mediated
B) Tissue specific
C) Immune complex
D) Cell-mediated

Question 11

What is the chance that two siblings share both HLA haplotypes,making them a good match for an organ transplant from one to the other?

A) 100%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 25%

Question 12

When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),the nurse remembers this disease is an example of:

A) Autoimmunity
B) Alloimmunity
C) Homoimmunity
D) Alleimmunity

Question 13

Which information would indicate more teaching is needed regarding hypersensitivity reactions? Type _______ hypersensitivity reactions involve an antibody response.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 14

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard.He begins itching and develops pain,swelling,redness,and respiratory difficulties.He is suffering from:

A) Immunodeficiency
B) Autoimmunity
C) Anaphylaxis
D) Tissue-specific hypersensitivity

Question 15

In addition to matching ABO antigens,a blood transfusion must also be matched for:

A) HLA type
B) Rh antigen
C) Immunoglobulins
D) Platelet compatibility

Question 16

When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood,the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient's body.

A) A only
B) B only
C) A and B
D) O

Question 17

A nurse recalls an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:

A) Bronchial asthma
B) Contact dermatitis
C) Serum sickness
D) Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 18

When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is,how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as:

A) A reduced immune response found in most pathologic states
B) A normal immune response to an infectious agent
C) An excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen
D) Antigenic desensitization

Question 19

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus,what type of immune reaction occurs?

A) Autoimmune
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Alloimmune
D) Allergic

Question 20

When histamine is released in the body,which of the following responses would the nurse expect?

A) Bronchial dilation
B) Edema
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Constipation

Question 21

After studying about viruses,which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses? Viruses:

A) Contain no DNA or RNA
B) Are capable of independent reproduction
C) Replicate their genetic material inside host cells
D) Are easily killed by antimicrobials

Question 22

When an immunologist teaches about the relationship that benefits the organism but causes no harm to the host,the immunologist is describing which of the following?

A) Symbiosis
B) Mutualism
C) Commensalism
D) Pathogenicity

Question 23

Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),which causes AIDS?

A) HIV only infects B cells.
B) HIV is a retrovirus.
C) Infection does not require a host cell receptor.
D) After infection, cell death is immediate.

Question 24

An immunologist is discussing endotoxin production.Which information should the immunologist include? Endotoxins are produced by:

A) Gram-negative bacteria
B) Gram-positive bacteria
C) Gram-negative fungi
D) Gram-positive fungi

Question 25

When bacterial pathogens enter a patient's body,they can defend themselves from an immune response by:

A) Producing capsules
B) Phagocytosis
C) Retreating
D) Developing antibodies

Question 26

A nurse recalls bacteria become resistant to antimicrobials by:

A) Proliferation
B) Attenuation
C) Specialization
D) Mutation

Question 27

A 15-year-old male suffers from severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident.He is given a blood transfusion,but shortly afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis.Which of the following blood type-transfusion type matches would cause this?

A) A-A
B) B-O
C) AB-O
D) A-AB

Question 28

A patient has chicken pox.How does the varicella replicate?

A) With the host cell DNA
B) Using host cell DNA polymerase
C) Using reverse transcriptase
D) In the cytoplasm

Question 29

A 22-year-old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accompany this virus?

A) CD4 T-helper
B) CD8 T-helper
C) CDC cells
D) CDC10 cells

Question 30

A person is given an attenuated antigen as a vaccine.When the person asks what was given in the vaccine,how should the nurse respond? The antigen is:

A) Alive, but less infectious
B) Mutated, but highly infectious
C) Normal, but not infectious
D) Inactive, but infectious

Question 31

A 5-year-old male becomes ill with a severe cough.Histologic examination reveals a bacterial infection,and further laboratory testing reveals cell membrane damage and decreased protein synthesis.Which of the following is the most likely cause of this illness?

A) Endotoxin
B) Exotoxin
C) Hemolysis
D) Septicemia

Question 32

Which information indicates a good understanding of bacterial vaccines? Most bacterial vaccines contain:

A) Active bacteria
B) Synthetic bacteria
C) Dead bacteria
D) Bacterial toxins

Question 33

After studying about fungi,which information indicates a correct understanding of fungi? Fungi causing deep or systemic infections:

A) Are easily treated with penicillin
B) Are extremely rare
C) Never occur with other infections
D) Are commonly opportunistic

Question 34

What common symptom should be assessed in individuals with immunodeficiency?

A) Anemia
B) Recurrent infections
C) Hypersensitivity
D) Autoantibody production

Question 35

The microorganisms that make up the normal human flora are important for:

A) Regulating inflammation
B) Secreting bacteriostatic substances
C) Activating white blood cells
D) Preventing the colonization and multiplication of pathogens

Question 36

A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure,decreased oxygen delivery,cardiovascular shock,and subsequent death.A complication of endotoxic shock is suspected.Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A) Gram-positive bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Gram-negative bacteria
D) Virus

Question 37

Which information indicates a correct understanding of viral vaccines? Most viral vaccines contain:

A) Active viruses
B) Attenuated viruses
C) Killed viruses
D) Viral toxins

Question 38

When trying to distinguish between an infectious disease and noninfectious disease,what is the hallmark symptom for most infectious diseases?

A) Fever
B) Jaundice
C) Vomiting
D) Pain

Question 39

A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears,a fish-shaped mouth,and involuntary rapid muscular contraction.Laboratory testing reveals decreased calcium levels.Which of the following diagnosis is most likely?

A) B lymphocyte deficiency
B) T lymphocyte deficiency
C) Combined immunologic deficiency
D) Complement deficiency

Question 40

A 25-year-old female reports having unprotected sexual intercourse with several men.Blood tests reveal that she is positive for human papillomavirus.What else should the nurse assess for?

A) Vaginal discharge
B) Liver failure
C) Breast cancer
D) Warts

Question 41

When the immunologist says that pathogens possess virulence,what does virulence mean?

A) Spreads from one individual to others and causes disease
B) Induces an immune response
C) Causes disease
D) Damages tissue

Question 42

An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn.Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the infant's history and physical?

A) The mother was exposed to measles.
B) The father was exposed to Agent Orange.
C) The baby is Rh positive.
D) The baby was born 6 weeks prematurely.

Question 43

The nurse would correctly respond that the etiology of a congenital immune deficiency is due to a(n):

A) Negative response to an immunization
B) Adverse response to a medication
C) Renal failure
D) Genetic defect

Question 44

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV.Which of the following treatments would be most effective?

A) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B) Protease inhibitors
C) Entrance inhibitors
D) Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

Question 45

When the immunologist says that pathogens possess infectivity,what is the immunologist explaining? Infectivity allows pathogens to:

A) Spread from one individual to others and cause disease
B) Induce an immune response
C) Invade and multiply in the host
D) Damage tissue