Deck 1: Introduction:learning to Change

Question 1

In her study of baboons, Shirley Strum found that the most successful males were .

A)offspring of dominant females
B)bigger than other males
C)less aggressive than other males
D)the youngest

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The tendency of some animals to hoard food is probably an example of .

A)a reflex
B)a fixed action pattern
C)a general behavior trait
D)learned behavior

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The list of alleged human fixed action patterns .

A)has gotten shorter in recent years
B)has gotten longer in recent years
C)has remained about the same over the years
D)is longer for pre-industrialized peoples than for those living in industrialized nations

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Learning is an evolved .

A)selectivity
B)modifiability
C)biology
D)karma

Question 5

The gollypod, a fictitious aquatic animal, breaks out in a cold sweat whenever exposed to the sun.This reaction is most likely .

A)a reflex
B)a fixed action pattern
C)a general behavior trait
D)the result of learning

Question 6

The chief advantage of learning over natural selection as a means of adapting to change is that learning .

A)is faster
B)is more enduring
C)is less enduring
D)does not affect all members of a species

Question 7

The experiments of Harlow and Harlow demonstrated that how monkeys are reared .

A)has little effect on their behavior later in life
B)can have a profound effect on their behavior later in life
C)has no effect on adult sexual activity
D)can improve their mental health

Question 8

The author of your text evidently believes that .

A)change is a good thing
B)behavior is best accounted for by nature
C)adaptation occurs slowly
D)learning is a way of adapting to change

Question 9

The phenomenon that is nearly the opposite of habituation is .

A)dehabituation
B)inhabituation
C)stabilization
D)sensitization

Question 10

Teenagerus Americanus, a two-legged ape indigenous to North America, breaks out in a cold sweat whenever exposed to elevator music.This reaction is most likely .

A)a reflex
B)a fixed action pattern
C)a general behavior trait
D)learned behavior

Question 11

Chapter 1 includes a box called The Face of Change.One point the essay makes is that .

A)many changes in our lives are imperceptible
B)change means progress
C)faces are recognizable even though they change
D)learning means changing

Question 12

The brown-headed cowbird deposits its eggs in the nests of other birds.This is most likely a .

A)reflex
B)modal action pattern
C)general behavior trait
D)learned behavior

Question 13

Variation and natural selection are the foundations of .

A)genetics
B)evolution
C)learning
D)adaptation

Question 14

Darwin's theory of evolution has been around for about .

A)50 years
B)75 years
C)150 years
D)200 years

Question 15

The quotation, "Change is the only constant," is attributed to .

A)Buckminster Fuller
B)Virgil
C)Lucretius
D)Einstein

Question 16

Natural selection is often .

A)ahead of the times
B)behind the times
C)up with the times
D)under the times

Question 17

The role of natural selection in the beaks of finches was the subject of research by .

A)Peter and Rosemary Grant
B)Harry and Margaret Harlow
C)Lee Cronk
D)Richard Dawkins

Question 18

Modal action patterns are induced by events called .

A)genes
B)stimuli
C)releasers
D)reflexes

Question 19

One person who raised doubts about the incest taboo is .

A)Grant
B)Freud
C)Wilson
D)McDougall

Question 20

The person who demonstrated that the marching of tropical army ants is not intelligent behavior is .

A)Schneirla
B)Schneider
C)Schneidman
D)Schneirman

Question 21

refers to modal action patterns as complex reflexes.

A)Gregor Mendel
B)Charles Darwin
C)Zing Yang Kuo
D)Howard Rachlin

Question 22

Learning is

A)a change in behavior.
B)an improvement in performance.
C)the acquisition of new behavior.
D)a cognitive change that may be reflected in changes in behavior.

Question 23

The rooting of pigs (for worms, larvae, and truffles) is an example of a

A)MAP
B)reflex
C)general behavior trait
D)learned behavior

Question 24

There is evidence that the rate of in fetuses is correlated with intellectual development after birth.

A)mutagenesis
B)sensitization
C)habituation
D)FAPs

Question 25

Natural selection is illustrated by changes in the coloration of the Peppered Moth resulting from .

A)industrial pollution
B)drought
C)loss of habitat
D)long term changes in the hydraulic cycle

Question 26

In the fox-breeding experiment, researchers selectively mated foxes that displayed behavior.

A)aggressive
B)intelligent
C)dog-like
D)habituated

Question 27

According to David Buss, the work of Gregor Mendel .

A)required mathematical skills Darwin lacked
B)had little or no influence on Darwin's thinking
C)is irrelevant to evolution
D)was done 40 years after Darwin's death

Question 28

poked fun at the human tendency to see itself as the crowning achievement of evolution.

A)Charles Darwin
B)Gregor Mendel
C)Bertrand Russell
D)Alexander Pope

Question 29

Lee Cronk wrote an article on how evolved behavior can prove nonadaptive when the environment changes.The article was called .

A)Old Dogs, Old Tricks
B)The Once and Future King
C)Murder Most Fowl
D)History Recalled

Question 30

Zing Yang Kuo found that 86% of kittens that saw their mothers kill rats later killed rats themselves.He also found that of kittens that never saw their mothers kill rats later killed rats themselves.

A)87%
B)73%
C)65%
D)45%

Question 31

The color is a releaser for aggression in the male stickleback.

A)green
B)blue
C)yellow
D)red

Question 32

A reflex is .

A)any very simple behavior
B)a simple response to a simple event
C)a relationship between an event and a simple response
D)a purely physiological phenomenon

Question 33

Experience refers to .

A)mental states
B)our surroundings
C)events that affect behavior
D)things we live through

Question 34

Your text defines behavior as anything an organism does that can be .

A)measured
B)tested
C)inferred
D)accounted for

Question 35

Most mutations .

A)are not helpful to survival
B)contribute to survival in important ways
C)cause monsterism
D)occur in one-celled organisms

Question 36

Hart and Risley did a longitudinal study of the influence of the home verbal environment on children from different socioeconomic backgrounds.They found that .

A)children whose parents talked to them a lot later scored lower on IQ tests
B)children whose parents talked to them a lot later scored higher on IQ tests
C)the amount of parental talk was unrelated to later IQ scores
D)the influence of parental language depended on parental income.

Question 37

Behavior is anything an animal or person does that can be .

A)seen
B)described
C)attributed to physical events
D)measured

Question 38

Keltner and Anderson suggest that may protect us from injury by appeasing others we have offended.

A)crying
B)sighing
C)yawning
D)blushing

Question 39

An is something an organism tries to escape or avoid.

A)aversive
B)adversive
C)adhesive
D)adenoid

Question 40

Steven says that he was very nervous when he first attended college classes, but now he feels quite relaxed.Steven's loss of anxiety is most likely an example of .

A)learning
B)disease
C)maturation
D)fatigue

Question 41

The chief limitation of natural selection as a means of adapting to change is that
.

Question 42

Repeated exposure to a stimulus that evokes a reflex response results in .

Question 43

The word stimulus always refers to events in an organisms surroundings.

Question 44

How are reflexes, modal action patterns, and general behavior traits alike? How are they different?

Question 45

Research on the sexual orientation of sisters of lesbian women demonstrated that homosexuality is an inherited characteristic.

Question 46

A major problem with natural selection as an adaptive mechanism is that it is slow.

Question 47

A thumbtack stuck in a bulletin board several feet away is less likely to affect your behavior than a thumbtack placed on the chair on which you are sitting.Even though both examples involve a thumbtack, the second is more likely to qualify as a .

A)stimulus
B)contiguous relation
C)contingency
D)response

Question 48

Natural selection helps the individual adapt to changes in its environment.

Question 49

As far as the study of learning is concerned, experience refers primarily to events that take place inside the person.

Question 50

All reflexes contribute to survival.

Question 51

Darwin founded his theory of evolution on the work of Gregor Mendel.

Question 52

Reflexes are generally less variable than modal action patterns.

Question 53

It is sometimes difficult to say whether an event is behavior or physiology.

Question 54

Why is natural selection helpful to species, but not to individuals?

Question 55

Darwin believed that there were no human instincts.

Question 56

Probably the reason the world seems relatively stable is that we don't live long enough to see many drastic changes.

Question 57

Natural selection helps the species to adapt to change, not the individual.

Question 58

Learning always involves the acquisition of new behaviors.

Question 59

Your text views learning as a change in the brain that is represented in behavior.

Question 60

The evolution of most species is now complete.

Question 61

The phrase "survival of the fittest" is often interpreted to mean that natural selection is the result of a kind of combat.What would be a more accurate interpretation of the phrase?