Deck 18: Therapeutic Agents for the Endocrine System

Question 1

What auxiliary labels are needed for thyroid hormone replacement medications?

A) Take as directed, and take with water on an empty stomach.
B) Take after eating.
C) May cause dizziness and drowsiness.
D) Both B and C auxiliary labels are needed.

Answer 1

Take as directed, and take with water on an empty stomach.

Question 2

Pioglitazone is used to treat:

A) Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)
B) Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
C) T1DM and T2DM
D) None of the above

Answer 2

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Question 3

Which of the following hormones are produced in the adrenal cortex?

A) Glucocorticoids
B) Mineralocorticoids
C) Sex hormones
D) All of the above

Answer 3

All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is an appropriate auxiliary label to be affixed to a bottle of orlistat?

A) Avoid sunlight; may cause photosensitivity
B) May cause drowsiness
C) Take with food
D) Both A and B

Question 5

Aldosterone:

A) Is a glucocorticoid
B) Maintains sodium and magnesium levels
C) Stimulates the kidneys to conserve sodium and excrete potassium
D) Is all of the above

Question 6

The prime regulatory mechanism used by the endocrine system to maintain homeostasis is:

A) Endocrine mechanism
B) Negative feedback
C) Exocrine mechanism
D) Homeostasis feedback

Question 7

Which of the following types of diabetes is the least common?

A) T1DM
B) T2DM
C) Diabetes insipidus
D) All occur equally in the population

Question 8

Hypokalemia means :

A) Low potassium
B) Low vitamin K
C) Low calcium
D) High potassium

Question 9

Which of the following hormones is a protein?

A) Insulin
B) Estrogen
C) Thyroxine
D) Epinephrine

Question 10

Which medication(s) contain(s) the generic ingredient levothyroxine?

A) Synthroid
B) Levoxyl
C) Armour Thyroid
D) A and B

Question 11

Which one of the following statements is true about hypothyroidism?

A) Hypothyroidism is a rare medical condition.
B) Symptoms include weight loss.
C) Hypothyroidism is a life-threatening disorder.
D) It can be treated with a thyroid hormone replacement medication.

Question 12

Insulin is released in response to ____________________, and glucagon is released in response to ____________________.

A) high blood glucose levels; low blood glucose levels
B) low blood glucose levels; high blood glucose levels
C) exercise; eating meals
D) low glucose levels; exercise

Question 13

Calcium levels are maintained by:

A) Calcitonin
B) Vitamin D
C) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D) All of the above

Question 14

All of the following are true of Graves disease except:

A) Graves disease is an auto-immune disorder
B) Common symptoms of Graves disease are goiter and exophthalmos
C) Although rare, Graves disease is more common in women than men
D) Graves disease can be treated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy

Question 15

The catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine are secreted by and stored in the:

A) Pituitary gland
B) Adrenal medulla
C) Parathyroid gland
D) Pancreas

Question 16

The essential element for triiodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxin (T₄) production is:

A) Iodine
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Sodium

Question 17

Steroid hormones include:

A) Cortisol and aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
B) Estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries
C) Testosterone from the testes
D) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following insulin products is(are) long acting?

A) Humalog
B) NovoLog
C) Lantus
D) A and B

Question 19

Which is the largest gland of the endocrine system?

A) Pituitary
B) Adrenal
C) Thyroid
D) Pancreas

Question 20

Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, have all of the following effects except:

A) Increases glucose levels
B) Increases inflammation
C) Increases the capacity to cope with stress
D) All of the above are effects of glucocorticoids

Question 21

Which type of diabetes involves a complete lack of insulin secretion, resulting in the need for insulin injections for treatment?

A) T1DM
B) T2DM
C) Diabetes insipidus
D) All of the above

Question 22

A common side effect of Invokana (canagliflozin) is:

A) Decreased urination
B) Genital fungal infections
C) Sinusitis
D) Both A and B

Question 23

Endocrine glands produce hormones that:

A) Are sent to target organs through a tube or duct
B) Enter the bloodstream to reach their target
C) Act at target sites near the site of hormone release
D) Both B and C are true

Question 24

Which of the following products is available in a 75/25 mix of long-acting and rapid-acting types of insulin?

A) Humalog
B) NovoLog
C) Humulin
D) Novolin

Question 25

Linagliptin is the generic name for:

A) Farxiga
B) Onglyza
C) Prandin
D) Tradjenta

Question 26

Which insulin has an onset of action of 5-15 minutes?

A) Insulin detemir (Levemir)
B) Insulin glargine (Lantus)
C) Insulin lispro (Humalog)
D) NPH insulin (Humulin N)

Question 27

Which agent(s) can be used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

A) Propylthiouracil
B) Methimazole
C) Desiccated thyroid
D) A and B

Question 28

Vasopressin is another term for which of the following hormones:

A) ADH
B) Calcitonin
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone
D) GH

Question 29

Which of the following directions is appropriate for a patient receiving a prescription of Januvia (sitagliptin)?

A) 5 mg by mouth once or twice a day
B) 20 mg by mouth twice a day
C) 50 mg by mouth once a day
D) 500 mg by mouth three times a day

Question 30

Secretion of too much aldosterone by the adrenal glands can lead to:

A) Hypertension from the retention of sodium and water
B) Hyperkalemia from the retention of potassium
C) Hypokalemia from the excretion of potassium
D) A and C

Question 31

What is the first-line treatment for T2DM?

A) Lifestyle changes
B) Oral hypoglycemic medications
C) Insulin
D) All of the above

Question 32

Catecholamines produced in adrenal glands:

A) Help the body respond to stress
B) Increase the heart rate
C) Include epinephrine and norepinephrine
D) Perform all of the above

Question 33

Humulin consists of:

A) Insulin aspart protamine + insulin aspart
B) Insulin aspart protamine + insulin lispro protamine
C) Insulin lispro protamine + insulin lispro
D) NPH insulin + regular human insulin

Question 34

Doxercalciferol (Hectorol), which is used to treat hyperparathyroidism, is a form of vitamin ____.

A) A
B) D
C) E
D) K

Question 35

The classic symptoms of hyperglycemia that can lead to a diagnosis of T1DM include:

A) Polydipsia
B) Polyuria
C) Polyphagia
D) All of the above

Question 36

What is the generic name for Glucotrol?

A) Acarbose
B) Glipizide
C) Glyburide
D) Liraglutide

Question 37

Which drug classification does metformin belong?

A) Biguanide
B) Meglitinides
C) Sulfonylureas
D) Thiazolinedione

Question 38

Which one of the following is primarily considered a mineralocorticoid?

A) Methylprednisolone
B) Hydrocortisone
C) Prednisone
D) Fludrocortisone acetate

Question 39

Which oral hypoglycemic agent is frequently used in combination products?

A) Carbose
B) Metformin
C) Pioglitazone
D) Sitagliptin

Question 40

The symptoms of Cushing disease, excess secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), are similar to overmedication side effects of what type of drug?

A) Thyroid hormones
B) Insulin
C) Corticosteroids
D) Vitamin D