Deck 16: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

Question 1

Parents of a 3-month-old infant bring him to the emergency room (ER)after he has had a seizure.He has muscle rigidity,and the parents report they are of Jewish ancestry.For what genetic disease should this infant be screened?

A) Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
B) Congenital encephalopathy
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) PKU

Answer 1

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 2

A child presents to his primary care provider with disorientation,delirium,aggressiveness,and stupor.His parents report that he was recently ill with an upper respiratory infection,which they treated with aspirin.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Epilepsy
B) Reye syndrome
C) Tay-Sachs
D) PKU

Answer 2

Reye syndrome

Question 3

A baby is stillborn after 6 hours of labor.Autopsy reveals hydrocephalus caused by cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle and aqueductal compression.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Congenital hydrocephalus
B) Microcephaly
C) Dandy-Walker deformity
D) Macewen sign

Answer 3

Dandy-Walker deformity

Question 4

An aide asks what the most common type of cerebral palsy is.What is the nurse's best response?

A) Ataxic
B) Dystonic
C) Spastic
D) Mixed

Question 5

A nurse is preparing to teach about the most common defects of neural tube closure.Which one should the nurse discuss?

A) Anterior
B) Posterior
C) Lateral
D) Superior

Question 6

A newborn child has a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst through a defect in the posterior arch of a vertebra.This condition is referred to as:

A) Craniosynostosis
B) Meningocele
C) Encephalocele
D) Myelomeningocele

Question 7

A newborn child has a herniation of brain and meninges through a defect in the occipital area of the skull.What will the pediatrician call this condition?

A) Encephalocele
B) Meningocele
C) Myelomeningocele
D) Craniosynostosis

Question 8

To prevent Reye syndrome in infants,which of the following instructions should the nurse give to parents?

A) Breast-feed infants as long as possible.
B) Treat fevers with acetaminophen, not aspirin.
C) Lock up hazardous cleaning agents.
D) Remove lead paint from the home.

Question 9

A child is diagnosed with cerebral palsy,characterized by extreme difficulty in fine motor coordination and purposeful movement.Which of the following types of cerebral palsy is the child experiencing?

A) Ataxic
B) Dystonic
C) Spastic
D) Mixed

Question 10

Which of the following diseases does the nurse screen for in all newborns?

A) Epilepsy
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) Pica
D) Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 11

The nurse is assessing a 2-month-old infant.Which reflex of infancy will disappear first?

A) Stepping
B) Rooting
C) Palmar grasp
D) Moro reflex

Question 12

A child was recently diagnosed with varicella,for which her parents gave her aspirin.The child is now in a coma,is hyperventilating,and has decorticate rigidity.Pupil response is within normal limits.The child is diagnosed with Reye syndrome at stage:

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 13

What nutrient should the nurse encourage a woman in the early stages of pregnancy to consume to prevent neural tube defects?

A) Protein
B) Iron
C) Vitamin D
D) Folic acid

Question 14

A child is brought to the ER.Initial examination documents the following assessment findings: tissue ischemia,anemia,and an apparent decrease in normal growth rate.Which of the following poisons should the nurse determine to be the most likely cause?

A) Ethyl alcohol
B) Lead
C) Mercury
D) Carbon monoxide

Question 15

A 10-month-old infant presents for a well-baby visit.Which of the following reflexes should be present at this age?

A) Stepping
B) Sucking
C) Landau
D) Palmar grasp

Question 16

An infant is diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus.Which of the following characteristics would the nurse expect to find?

A) Enlarged ventricles
B) Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production
C) Increased resorption of CSF
D) Smaller than average head circumference

Question 17

The parents of an infant born with true microcephaly ask what caused this.How should the nurse respond? True microcephaly can be caused by:

A) Viral infection
B) An autosomal recessive gene
C) Fetal trauma
D) Hydrocephalus

Question 18

The parents ask,"During infancy,what is the fastest growing part of the body?" How should the nurse respond?

A) Spinal cord
B) Limb bones
C) Head
D) Vertebral column

Question 19

An infant has an anterior midline defect of neural tube closure.What term will the nurse observe written on the chart?

A) Anencephaly
B) Myelodysplasia
C) Cyclopia
D) Hydrocephalus

Question 20

A 19-month-old boy developed a premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures.Which diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?

A) Craniosynostosis
B) Congential hydrocephalus
C) Microcephaly
D) Acrania

Question 21

When a nurse is asked where the most common location of brain tumors in children is found,how should the nurse respond?

A) In the area always above the cerebellum
B) In the posterior fossa
C) In the cerebrum
D) In the ventricular lining

Question 22

A nurse is preparing to teach about brain tumors.Which information should the nurse include? The most common type of brain tumor in children is:

A) Neuroblastoma
B) Astrocytoma
C) Meningioma
D) Glioma

Question 23

When should be the best time for the nurse to assess for the vomiting and headache that are symptoms of a brain tumor in children?

A) Morning
B) Early afternoon
C) As the sun goes down and darkness begins
D) During the middle of the night

Question 24

A 3-year-old African-American child was diagnosed with sickle cell disease.She is now suffering from meningitis.Which is the most likely microorganism the nurse will find on the lab report?

A) Virus
B) Haemophilus influenzae type B
C) Streptococcus pneumonia
D) Neisseria meningitidis

Question 25

Assessment signs of neuroblastoma include (select all that apply):

A) Weight loss
B) Irritability
C) Fatigue
D) Fever
E) Constipation

Question 26

A newborn child is diagnosed with a vertebral arch defect,spina bifida.This condition would lead the nurse to suspect the child may have which of the following as well? (Select all that apply)

A) Type II Chiari malformation
B) Myelomeningocele
C) Meningocele
D) Acrania
E) Craniosynostosis

Question 27

A 3-year-old has bacterial meningitis.What should the nurse expect to find on the lab report for the most common cause of this bacterial meningitis?

A) Haemophilus influenzae
B) Neisseria meningitidis
C) Streptococcus pneumonia
D) Escherichia coli

Question 28

The percent of retinoblastomas that are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait is ____%.

Question 29

A 10-year-old male presents with headache and seizures.CT scan reveals a tumor that is located near the optic chiasm.Which of the following is the most likely tumor type?

A) Astrocytoma
B) Craniopharyngioma
C) Ependymoma
D) Medulloblastoma

Question 30

A nurse is teaching the staff about viral meningitis.Which information should the nurse include? Viral meningitis:

A) Is always sudden in onset
B) Often occurs with measles, mumps, or herpes
C) Is effectively treated with antibiotics
D) Causes increased sugar in the CSF

Question 31

A nurse recalls the most frequent location of a neuroblastoma is:

A) Retroperitoneal region
B) Mediastinum
C) Cervical ganglion
D) Lung