Deck 17: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Question 1

A nurse recalls prolactin-inhibiting factor's target tissue is the:

A) Hypothalamus
B) Anterior pituitary
C) Mammary glands
D) Posterior pituitary

Answer 1

Anterior pituitary

Question 2

An aide asks the nurse what activates tyrosine.What is the nurse's best response?

A) GH
B) PRL
C) Insulin
D) Estrogen

Answer 2

Insulin

Question 3

An endocrinologist isolated a new hormone and found it to be a water-soluble amine.Which of the following is most like this new hormone?

A) Growth hormone (GH)
B) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D) Epinephrine

Answer 3

Epinephrine

Question 4

A 70-year-old female has brittle bones secondary to osteoporosis.Her primary care provider prescribes calcitonin to:

A) Activate vitamin D
B) Stimulate osteoclastic activity
C) Inhibit calcium resorption from bones
D) Promote thyroid hormone release

Question 5

When insulin binds to its receptors on muscle cells,an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells occurs.This is an example of a _____ effect by a hormone.

A) Pharmacologic
B) Permissive
C) Biphasic
D) Direct

Question 6

If a patient's posterior pituitary is removed,which hormone would the nurse expect to decrease?

A) PRF
B) ADH
C) ACTH
D) GH

Question 7

A patient wants to know why ADH is important in the body.What is the nurse's best response? ADH is important in:

A) The body's water balance and urine concentration
B) Maintaining electrolyte levels and concentrations
C) Follicular maturation
D) Regulation of metabolic processes

Question 8

A nurse is teaching staff about protein hormones.Which information should the nurse include? One of the protein hormones is:

A) Thyroxine (T4)
B) Aldosterone
C) Testosterone
D) Insulin

Question 9

When a staff member asks the nurse which gland secretes ADH and oxytocin,how should the nurse respond?

A) Anterior pituitary
B) Posterior pituitary
C) Hypothalamus
D) Pineal gland

Question 10

When the endocrinologist asks the staff how the releasing hormones that are made in the hypothalamus travel to the anterior pituitary,how should the staff reply? Via the:

A) Vessels of the zona fasciculata
B) Chromophils
C) Median eminence
D) Hypophysial portal system

Question 11

A patient has researched lipid-soluble hormones on the Internet.Which information indicates the patient has a good understanding? Lipid-soluble hormone receptors cross the plasma membrane by:

A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Endocytosis

Question 12

A 45-year-old female has elevated thyroxine production.Which of the following would accompany this condition?

A) Increased thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)
B) Increased anterior pituitary stimulation
C) Decreased T4
D) Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 13

A 50-year-old male patient is deficient in ADH production.Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to find?

A) Increased blood volume
B) Increased urine osmolality
C) Increased urine volume
D) Increased arterial vasoconstriction

Question 14

Which principle should the nurse include while planning care for a patient with an ADH problem? ADH release from the posterior pituitary is stimulated by:

A) Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys
B) High serum osmolarity sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
C) Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys
D) High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body

Question 15

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with hypothyroidism.Synthesis of which of the following would decrease in this patient?

A) Corticosteroid B globulin
B) Sex hormone-binding globulin
C) Thyroid-binding globulin
D) Albumin

Question 16

A nurse is teaching the staff about oxytocin.Which information should the nurse include? Target cells for oxytocin are located in the:

A) Renal tubules
B) Thymus
C) Liver
D) Uterus

Question 17

When a patient asks about target cell receptors,which is the nurse's best response? Target cell receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located in the:

A) Cytosol
B) Cell membrane
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Nucleus

Question 18

If a patient had a problem with the hypothalamus,which of the following hormones would be affected?

A) ACTH
B) Oxytocin
C) ADH
D) TSH

Question 19

A nurse recalls direct stimulation of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas by the autonomic nervous system is an example of _____ control.

A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
C) Neural
D) Substrate-level dependent

Question 20

A patient has high levels of hormones.To adapt to the high hormone concentrations,the patient's target cells have the capacity for:

A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
C) Down-regulation
D) Up-regulation

Question 21

A patient wants to know what can cause ACTH to be released.How should the nurse respond?

A) High serum levels of cortisol
B) Hypotension
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Stress

Question 22

An endocrinologist is teaching about aldosterone secretion.Which information should the endocrinologist include? Aldosterone secretion is regulated by:

A) The sympathetic nervous system
B) ACTH feedback
C) The renin-angiotension system
D) Positive feedback

Question 23

If a patient had a problem with the adrenal medulla,which of the following hormones should the nurse monitor?

A) Cortisol
B) Epinephrine
C) Androgens
D) Estrogens

Question 24

A 30-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the pancreas alpha cells.Which of the following would the nurse expect to be most likely increased in this patient?

A) Amylin
B) Glucagon
C) Insulin
D) Somatostatin

Question 25

A nurse is reviewing lab results.Which of the following lab results would slow down the rate of parathyroid hormone secretion?

A) Increased serum calcium levels
B) Decreased serum calcium levels
C) Decreased levels of TSH
D) Increased levels of TSH

Question 26

The nurse is teaching the staff about aldosterone.Which information should the nurse include? The main site of aldosterone synthesis is the:

A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Adrenal cortex
D) Hypothalamus

Question 27

When catecholamines are released in a patient,what should the nurse assess for?

A) Nutrient absorption
B) Fluid retention
C) Hypotension
D) Hyperglycemia

Question 28

A student asks the instructor which of the following is the most potent naturally occurring glucocorticoid.How should the instructor respond?

A) Aldosterone
B) Testosterone
C) Cortisol
D) Prolactin

Question 29

If the patient has a problem with the pineal gland,which substance would the nurse monitor?

A) Melatonin
B) Epinephrine
C) Cortisol
D) Somatostatin

Question 30

A nurse recalls insulin has an effect on which of the following groups of electrolytes?

A) Sodium, chloride, phosphate
B) Calcium, magnesium, potassium
C) Hydrogen, bicarbonate, chloride
D) Potassium, magnesium, phosphate

Question 31

Elevated levels of glucocorticoids result in which of the following assessment findings? (Select all that apply.)

A) Polycythemia
B) Increased appetite
C) Weight loss
D) Decreased calcium
E) Increased height

Question 32

Which nutrient would the nurse encourage the patient to consume for thyroid hormone synthesis?

A) Zinc
B) Sodium
C) Iodine
D) Calcium

Question 33

A nurse is teaching a patient about insulin.Which information should the nurse include? Insulin is primarily regulated by:

A) Metabolic rate
B) Serum glucose levels
C) Prostaglandins
D) Enzyme activation

Question 34

A 40-year-old male undergoes surgery for a PTH-secreting tumor in which the parathyroid is removed.Which of the following would the nurse expect following surgery?

A) Increased serum calcium
B) Decreased bone formation
C) Decreased calcium reabsorption in the kidney
D) Increased calcitonin

Question 35

A 50-year-old male with one kidney had to undergo surgery for an adrenal tumor.His zona glomerulosa was largely removed during the surgery.The nurse would expect the removal of this tumor to result in a decrease in:

A) Sodium
B) Aldosterone
C) Potassium
D) Acid

Question 36

A 39-year-old female is recovering from the birth of her third child.Which hormone would help prevent uterine bleeding?

A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol
C) Prolactin
D) Oxytocin