Deck 7: Middle Childhood

Question 1

What changes are evident in the brain of Palaemon, who is in middle childhood?

A) increases in synaptic connections
B) increases in myelination
C) greater rates of synaptic pruning
D) all of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

During middle childhood, the role of adults in fostering brain development is to:

A) limit the amount of stimulation a child receives so as not to overburden synaptic growth.
B) make sure there are sufficient incentives for a child so that they are motivated to interact with the world.
C) ensure that children get enough rest to allow physical growth to proceed.
D) monitor behavior in case medical intervention is needed.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Children during middle childhood have:

A) a slower growth rate than in early childhood.
B) a faster growth rate than in early childhood.
C) about the same growth rate as in early childhood.
D) the fastest growth rate of any point in their lives.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The most common reasons children miss school during middle childhood are:

A) asthma and injuries.
B) colds flu-like symptoms.
C) allergies and colds.
D) allergies and diseases related to obesity.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of the kinds of cognitive gains seen during middle childhood?

A) memory improves
B) attention sharpens
C) judgment matures
D) all of these

Question 6

The portion of the brain that shows the greatest increases in growth and function during middle childhood is the:

A) frontal lobe.
B) sensory cortex.
C) parietal lobe.
D) limbic system.

Question 7

By the time a child is __________ years old, the brain is approximately the size it will be when the child is an adult.

A) eight or nine
B) ten or eleven
C) twelve to thirteen
D) thirteen to fourteen

Question 8

Increase in the __________ helps the connections of the brain to become stronger and continues during middle childhood.

A) Myelin
B) Glial cells
C) Cortical area
D) Neurons

Question 9

Nathanial is nearly twelve years old. Compared to his early childhood, Nathanial will:

A) be better at solving problems, as in mathematics.
B) slow down in language ability but catch up when he is in adolescence.
C) have more difficulty paying attention as there will be so much more that interests him.
D) have to work harder to remember all the new information he is learning.

Question 10

One result of changes in synaptic strength and the pruning process of a ten-year-old child's brain is:

A) the brain changes shape, with a significant reduction in mass.
B) the visual and auditory systems become more sensitive.
C) the brain responds best to low levels of stimulation while this development occurs.
D) the neurons become more selective in their responses.

Question 11

Zoey is an accomplished ballerina, even though she is ten years old. In order to accomplish this physically, Zoey has had to develop:

A) gross motor skills.
B) fine motor skills.
C) competitive drive.
D) discipline and emotional maturity.

Question 12

Diego is eight years old and getting much better at dressing himself. This is an example of improvement in:

A) gross motor skills.
B) cognitive abilities.
C) fine motor skills.
D) both fine and gross motor skills.

Question 13

Compared to younger children, the middle childhood years tend to be:

A) a period of healthy development.
B) a time of greater risk for death due to illness.
C) more dangerous in terms of developmental delays and related illnesses.
D) equally difficulty in regards to injury and illness.

Question 14

Which of the following is not an example of a gross motor skill?

A) balancing on a beam
B) climbing a rope ladder
C) riding a bike
D) holding a pen in a pincer grip

Question 15

Which of the following is true of physical development in middle childhood?

A) Physical development continues at the same pace as in early childhood.
B) Children gain about three inches in height per year.
C) Although, at age 6, children weigh about seven times their birth weight, the pace of development has slowed down.
D) Although weight gain slows down considerably, height gain is greater in middle childhood than it was in early childhood.

Question 16

Towards the end of middle childhood, children tend to:

A) look like taller versions of toddlers.
B) have bodies more proportionate and similar to an adult's.
C) be intermediate in body shape to preschoolers and adults.
D) be the height they will be when they are fully grown.

Question 17

__________ is a lung disorder resulting in bronchial tubes filling with mucus and tightening.

A) Bronchitis
B) Asthma
C) Allergy
D) Pneumonia

Question 18

Which of the following is not an example of a fine motor skill?

A) climbing a jungle gym
B) eating with a fork
C) buttoning a shirt
D) zipping a jacket

Question 19

What happens to neurons that don't make connections?

A) Nothing; they can last a lifetime without connections.
B) They wait for about 20 years to make a connection and then begin to die off.
C) They die.
D) Researchers do not yet know the answer to this question.

Question 20

If Gianna is like most nine year old children, the primary reason she will miss school is due to:

A) asthma.
B) the flu.
C) allergies.
D) childhood diabetes.

Question 21

During the middle childhood years, children tend to:

A) need fewer calories because their growth rate slows.
B) need more calories to prepare for the growth spurt that comes with adolescence.
C) need the same amount of calories as they did in early childhood because of their continuous growth cycle.
D) eat more food but burn more calories, so a high fat, high protein diet is recommended.

Question 22

Of the following, which is a factor in a child's development of obesity?

A) heredity
B) the methods a child uses to handle stress
C) socioeconomic status
D) all of these

Question 23

Doug has had to limit his physical activity, including dropping out of track, especially in the late Fall when the weather turns cold. This is due to Doug's breathing problems, which he has had since he was an infant. Doug probably has:

A) asthma.
B) pneumonia.
C) tuberculosis.
D) meningitis.

Question 24

The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans suggest which of the following for a healthy diet?

A) fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
B) limited intake of fat free or low fat products to encourage brain development
C) at least half of the day's calories in meat, especially white meat like pork
D) inclusion of a moderate amount of saturated fats, sodium, and sugar

Question 25

During the middle childhood years, children require:

A) less food than in early childhood.
B) more food than in early childhood.
C) more food than in adolescence.
D) more food than at any other point in the developmental cycle.

Question 26

Of the following, which conditions are known to contribute to asthma?

A) intense physical activity
B) allergies
C) stress
D) all of these

Question 27

Brody has had to miss quite a few days of school. His bronchial tubes fill with mucus and tighten so that he has trouble breathing. Like many ten year olds today, Brody has:

A) bronchitis.
B) asthma.
C) tuberculosis.
D) pulmonary edema.

Question 28

Obesity rates tend to be higher among the:

A) upper middle classes.
B) middle classes.
C) lower socioeconomic classes.
D) higher classes.

Question 29

__________ is indicated when the BMI is greater than the 85^th percentile for sex and age.

A) Obesity
B) Corpulence
C) Malnutrition
D) Portliness

Question 30

Zaira is sitting in her desk at school after having missed the last few days. She has a broken arm. If Zaira is like most fourth graders her age, she broke her arm:

A) riding a bike.
B) jumping off a swing.
C) skate boarding.
D) roller-skating.

Question 31

Research indicates that children who are overweight during middle childhood:

A) will only have a weight problem in later life if they are genetically predisposed.
B) typically show an increase in metabolic rate due to a late-onset growth spurt and lose weight.
C) are genetically predisposed and can do very little about it.
D) will likely have a weight problem the rest of their lives regardless of whether their parents are thin or overweight.

Question 32

Willie and his mom have been homeless for two years, mostly eating at missions and shelters at night and from dumpsters in the day. Willie, 9 years old, has gained only a few pounds of weight in the last two years. It is likely that:

A) he is getting adequate nutrition, as shelters and missions are careful to provide sound meals.
B) his growth will be stunted.
C) he will have a big growth spurt, catching up in weight, when he has more access to better food.
D) he will very soon die.

Question 33

Most childhood injuries are related to:

A) horse back riding.
B) gymnastics.
C) riding a bike.
D) climbing structures like jungle gyms and trees.

Question 34

The __________ is a measurement used to compare a person's height and weight to determine a healthy body weight.

A) Body Mass Index
B) Body Measurement Indicator
C) Basic Mass Instrument
D) Body Fat Calculator

Question 35

Gadil is a healthy eleven year old boy. Gadil has learned to eat a balanced, nutritious diet. The most important influences on Gadil's food choices are:

A) his friends.
B) the commercials he sees on television.
C) the information he gets from the internet.
D) the diets his parents encourage and model.

Question 36

The best preventative for the most common source of injuries to children in middle childhood is:

A) keep them away from contact sports.
B) teach them water safety.
C) make sure they have adult supervision when riding horses or bicycles.
D) enforce and model bike safety practices like wearing helmets.

Question 37

What conclusions have been made about the dietary habits of children in middle childhood?

A) Peer influences are critical in determining what children eat
B) The media overrides whatever healthy choices may be modeled for a child
C) Parents' dietary habits at home are the most influential
D) The set schedules at school encourage healthy eating routines

Question 38

If parents wish to decrease the probability their child will develop asthma, they should:

A) make sure the house is kept cool.
B) quit smoking.
C) encourage their child to participate in strenuous physical activities, like running.
D) all of these

Question 39

Angel is 14 years old and about 20 pounds heavier than she should be. Her mother isn't too worried. Even though both she and her husband are overweight, she believes Angel will eventually slim down because they have talked to Angel about good eating habits. What does research indicate about this?

A) People's genes ultimately determine their adult weight.
B) Angel will likely have a weight problem as an adult only if she was overweight as an infant.
C) Angel has about a 20 percent chance of being overweight as an adult.
D) Angel has a high probability of being overweight as an adult.

Question 40

Of the following children, who is most likely to become obese?

A) Mackenzie, whose parents are vegans and encourage her to participate in gymnastics
B) Juan, whose parents both struggle with their weight, but cook balanced meals
C) Jessica, whose parents are poor and who both work two jobs, so the family often eats fast food
D) Luanne, whose parents are conscious of their weight, so the family participates in nightly walks

Question 41

__________ are the academic areas where learning disabilities are most often recognized.

A) reading and math.
B) math and science.
C) reading and writing.
D) science and reading.

Question 42

__________ refers to the ability to pronounce words correctly using knowledge of letters and sounds.

A) Encode
B) Decipher
C) Decode
D) Interpretation

Question 43

Camila has been informed she is eligible for special education services. If Camilia is like a majority of students, her disability deals specifically with:

A) mental retardation.
B) a language problem.
C) learning.
D) an emotional disturbance.

Question 44

The majority of the children in the United States who receive special education services qualify on the basis of:

A) emotional disturbances.
B) mental retardation.
C) learning disabilities.
D) speech or language impairments.

Question 45

Treatment for ADHD/ADD may include:

A) medication.
B) behavior plans to improve focus.
C) nutrition plans that limit foods like sugar.
D) all of these

Question 46

__________ is a disability related to inattention and lack of focus.

A) ADD
B) ADHD
C) CAPD
D) AHDD

Question 47

Which of the following is part of the diagnostic criteria for a learning disability?

A) a minimum IQ level
B) no evidence of a severe emotional disorder
C) second-language background
D) no sensory deficits

Question 48

Which of the following is not a factor associated with higher rates of obesity among particular ethnic groups?

A) less physical activity
B) less knowledge about healthy nutrition
C) choosing less healthy food, even when higher quality food is cheaper
D) all of these

Question 49

While she is trying to listen to her teacher, Faith is actually a million miles away, thinking about breakfast, about what she will do after school, and maybe what her teacher just said. Faith appears to suffer from:

A) ADHD.
B) AHDD.
C) ADD.
D) CAPD.

Question 50

Suggested causes for ADHD include:

A) heredity.
B) exposure to lead.
C) biochemical imbalances
D) all of these

Question 51

Chika's parents do not wish to use medication for the disorder he has been diagnosed with, so they have implemented behavior modification to help Chika be less distracted and have changed his diet to limit some foods like sugar. Chika has likely been diagnosed with:

A) diabetes.
B) ADHD/ADD.
C) obesity.
D) PKU.

Question 52

The most common types of learning disability includes all of the following except:

A) an ability to pronounce words so that meaning may be deciphered.
B) problems with focusing on relevant information in a problem.
C) an attention span that is too narrow.
D) issues with decoding.

Question 53

A common treatment for ADHD/ADD is:

A) forced schedules of sleep.
B) medication such as Ritalin.
C) nutrition plans that include caffeine and sugar.
D) limited exercise to increase mental focus.

Question 54

While he was trying to listen to his teacher, Dominic is actually a million miles away, thinking about what he did at recess, how he wishes he were at recess, and finally what his teacher might have just said. Suddenly, he can't sit still any longer, and he sprints for the drinking fountain. Dominic would be diagnosed with:

A) ADD.
B) AHDD.
C) ADHD.
D) CAPD.

Question 55

A learning disability:

A) is a neurological disorder that impacts the brain's functioning.
B) occurs when a child has not been exposed to the fundamentals of education.
C) is defined by an inability to process information the way most others do based on learning styles.
D) can be unlearned if the right support is given early enough.

Question 56

What is an important step parents can take to decrease the chances that their child will become obese?

A) model good eating habits
B) limit computer and television time
C) help children monitor their food intake and activity levels
D) all of these

Question 57

To help their children avoid obesity, parents should:

A) encourage physical activity.
B) serve fruits and vegetables.
C) watch fat intake.
D) all of these

Question 58

Autumn is taking Ritalin, a medication designed to limit the symptoms of:

A) a learning disability.
B) central auditory processing disorder.
C) attention deficit disorder.
D) pediatric bipolar disorder.

Question 59

Of the following children, who is most likely to be diagnosed with a learning disability?

A) Hideki, a three year old boy
B) Tristan, a nine year old boy
C) Jia, an eight year old girl
D) Nabirye, a ten year old girl

Question 60

__________ is a disability related to inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

A) ADD
B) ADHD
C) COPD
D) CAPD

Question 61

__________ is the ability to group objects with some similarities within a larger category.

A) Classification
B) Seriation
C) Conservation
D) Decoding

Question 62

Susan and her daughter, April, are cleaning up their garage. Susan asks April to sort out all the nails by size and put them in separate jars that she has been saving. April does this easily. April is showing evidence of:

A) conservation.
B) reversibility.
C) classification.
D) decentering.

Question 63

__________ is the ability to recognize that mass stays the same even if the shape changes.

A) Preservation
B) Conservation
C) Centering
D) Continuation

Question 64

Children gain the ability to reverse thinking during Piaget's __________ stage.

A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) formal operational

Question 65

During the concrete operational period, the child develops the ability to _________ which refers to being able to attend to more than one aspect of a problem.

A) conserve
B) reverse thought
C) classify
D) decenter

Question 66

Jewel understands that fractions and decimals, although differing in appearance, both represent a part of a number. This is an example of:

A) classification.
B) conservation of mass.
C) seriation.
D) reversibility.

Question 67

Federal law mandates that students with disabilities remain in their regular classroom, home, and family as much as possible. This approach to education is called the:

A) most stimulating situation.
B) least restrictive environment.
C) enriched learning setting.
D) expanded tutorial approach.

Question 68

__________ refers to the situation where a child with special needs is educated in the regular classroom.

A) Addition
B) Immersion
C) Inclusion
D) Insertion

Question 69

Emanuele knows that when temperatures drop, rain turns to snow and if temperatures warm, then snow melts. Emanuele is demonstrating:

A) conservation.
B) decoding.
C) reversibility.
D) formal operations.

Question 70

Cole watches his mother pour milk from a small glass into a taller glass. Then she pours it back. Cole not only realizes that the amount of milk didn't change as she poured it from one glass to the other, it stayed the same when she poured it back. Cole must be at least between the ages of:

A) three to five years.
B) seven to eleven years.
C) two to four years.
D) twelve to fifteen years.

Question 71

Which of the following cognitive gains occurring in the concrete operational period will allow a child to look back and define the steps taken in a problem-solving process?

A) Classification
B) Seriation
C) Reversibility
D) Numeration

Question 72

A(n) __________ is a written document that details an instructional contract for a child to succeed under the supervision and guidance from the family, teachers, professionals and administrators.

A) Designated Instructional Map
B) Informed Educational Process
C) Individualized Improvement Program
D) Individualized Education Plan

Question 73

Which of the following is an example of conservation?

A) Nel mentally retraces the steps she took to solve the math problem.
B) Ted is looking at a couple of different possibilities for how to get his bike chain back on.
C) Blake is arranging his father's foreign coin collection according to size.
D) Karla understands her brother is trying to fool her by giving her the taller glass of soda and that his shorter, wider glass actually has more.

Question 74

Mr. Abrams, a fourth grade teacher, is reading a story to his students and asking them to concentrate on both the order of events in the story and the ways the characters change in the story. He is helping his students learn to:

A) conserve.
B) reverse thought.
C) classify.
D) decenter.

Question 75

The __________ stage is Piaget's third stage of cognitive development between the ages of 7 and 11 years.

A) preoperational
B) concrete operational
C) formal operational
D) sensorimotor

Question 76

Which of the following is true of a least restrictive environment?

A) Least restrictive environment is one step up from mainstreaming.
B) Children in a least restrictive environment must be served by regular teachers rather than being placed in a special class if possible.
C) Least restrictive environment means that there is now less inclusion of exceptional children than in prior years.
D) Children who have been identified as needing additional services are now more likely to be placed in institutional settings.

Question 77

Which of the following cognitive abilities do children acquire during the concrete operational period?

A) Egocentrism
B) Artificialism
C) Decentering
D) Realism

Question 78

__________ is the ability to focus on several features of an object or task.

A) Decentration
B) Conservation
C) Decoding
D) Reversibility

Question 79

__________ refers to the concrete operational child's ability to sort objects that share features into smaller groups from a larger collection.

A) Classification
B) Seriation
C) Numeration
D) Conservation

Question 80

Ben showed his dad that he had fixed the brake pads on his bicycle. When his dad asked how he did that, Ben described his step-by-step thoughts and actions to fix the brakes. Ben is showing

A) numeration.
B) classification.
C) seriation.
D) reversibility.