Deck 10: Middle Adulthood

Question 1

Research has found that middle-aged adults who have moderate rates of exercise live approximately __________ years longer than those who do not exercise.

A) 5 to 7
B) 6 to 8
C) 4 to 5
D) 1 to 4

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Now that Dallin is approaching 50, he is concerned about his risk for heart disease. What steps can Dallin take to reduce the effects of heard disease?

A) Dallin can start a low-impact resistance-training program.
B) Dallin can make sure he eats a diet low in fat and increases his physical activity to at least a moderate level.
C) Dallin can begin taking blood-thinning medications and watch his diet.
D) Dallin may watch his diet and exercise, but his chances for heart disease are largely controlled by genetics.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The most common cause of heart disease is:

A) inactivity.
B) poor diet, beginning in middle adulthood.
C) buildup of fat in the lining of the blood vessels.
D) genetics.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Chun-Moo is in his early twenties. His family has had a history of heart disease and he wants to avoid this health issue. What should Chun-Moo be told?

A) "Eat a healthy diet now, as the problems with fat deposits in blood vessels seen in later life begin now."
B) "While it is a good idea to be healthy conscious now, it is more important to maintain an active life style and good diet when you become 40 years old."
C) "As there is a hereditary component to heart disease, there isn't much you can do to prevent heart disease."
D) "There are several effective medications that you can begin taking now to prevent heart disease later."

Question 5

The most notable change in vision for people in middle age is difficulty in:

A) seeing at close distances.
B) seeing at far distances.
C) seeing at intermediate distances.
D) perceiving colors.

Question 6

Which of the following is considered the "good" cholesterol?

A) Low-density lipoprotein
B) Low-distributed lysoprotein
C) High-density lipoprotein
D) High-distributed lysoprotein

Question 7

Which of the following is considered the "bad" cholesterol?

A) Low-density lipoprotein
B) Low-distributed lysoprotein
C) High-density lipoprotein
D) High-distributed lysoprotein

Question 8

What is the current recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force regarding mammograms?

A) Begin at 40, and then annually
B) Begin at 50, then annually
C) Begin at 50, then every two years
D) Begin at 40, then every two years

Question 9

According to the World Health Organization, __________ of deaths world wide are due to heart disease.

A) 20 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 60 percent

Question 10

What are important changes individuals in middle adulthood can make to decrease the effects of heart disease?

A) eat a healthy diet
B) exercise
C) exercise and eat a healthy diet
D) none of these

Question 11

As shown in the text book, Katie Couric and Steve Jobs are examples of:

A) how attitudes and physical abilities of adults in middle age have changed over the years.
B) how debilitating middle age can be.
C) two individuals who are rare among the aging process that occurs in middle age.
D) the process of aging and how middle adulthood is a time for slowing down.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT among the reasons that many middle-aged adults begin to worry more about health issues?

A) They experience a greater number of serious illnesses of loved ones.
B) They experience more deaths of loved ones.
C) There is greater awareness of the need for testing for medical conditions.
D) Changes in their bodies are more abrupt than those in young adults.

Question 13

One of the most effective steps for the prevention of heart disease is:

A) good eating habits early in life.
B) moderate to strenuous exercise in middle adulthood.
C) introducing a healthy diet by at least 45 years of age.
D) resistance training.

Question 14

Anton is solidly middle aged. The risk that he will die from heart disease is approximately:

A) 1 in 3.
B) 1 in 4.
C) 1 in 5.
D) 1 in 10.

Question 15

Sam and Susan both celebrated their 50th birthdays this year. They notice that they worry now, more than ever before, about their health and what activities they will be able to continue into the future. Sam's and Susan's worries are:

A) common for people who are this age.
B) rare for people who are this young.
C) a sign of early senility.
D) affecting their basal metabolism rates.

Question 16

Victor has been told his cholesterol ratio is not optimal for a man his age. His doctor told Victor that if he begins a moderate exercise routine, he can expect to extend his life by about __________ years.

A) 5 to 7
B) 6 to 8
C) 4 to 5
D) 1 to 4

Question 17

One non-Western culture, discussed in the text, that recognizes middle adulthood as a legitimate stage in life is:

A) China.
B) Japan.
C) Russia.
D) India.

Question 18

In general, concerns about __________ tend to increase in the middle years of life.

A) finances
B) children's well-being
C) careers
D) health

Question 19

Which of the following are expected changes during middle age?

A) increased pigment in areas such as the hands and face
B) decreased pigment in the hair
C) thicker fingernails
D) all of these

Question 20

Bailee has turned fifty and is not happy with some of the physical changes she has noticed. What are some steps Bailee might take to counteract these changes, if she is typical of others her age?

A) hair coloring
B) Botox
C) teeth whitening
D) all of these

Question 21

An important vision change in middle age is:

A) in identifying colors.
B) difficulty in seeing at intermediate ranges.
C) a problem with reading even moderate sized print.
D) difficulty in adapting to sudden changes in light or dark.

Question 22

At age 40, if Jan eats at the same rate as when she was younger and does not exercise regularly, she will gain weight because she is not compensating for her:

A) lowering basal metabolism rate.
B) higher basal metabolism rate.
C) fluctuating basal metabolism rate.
D) inertial basal metabolism rate.

Question 23

The minimum amount of energy an individual tends to use when in a resting state is called:

A) inertial metabolism rate.
B) basal metabolism rate.
C) organ reserve.
D) the set point.

Question 24

The probability of an adult becoming obese if both parents were obese is:

A) ten percent.
B) thirty percent.
C) forty percent.
D) fifty percent.

Question 25

Research on hearing loss in middle adulthood shows:

A) most individuals can counteract the inevitable losses through use of hearing aids.
B) avoiding loud noises in the late thirties are sufficient to avoid hearing loss later.
C) no deficits in middle age if people limit their exposure to loud sounds early in life.
D) all of these

Question 26

The prevalence of binge drinking by middle aged adults is:

A) 50 percent.
B) 33 percent.
C) 22 percent.
D) 10 percent.

Question 27

Of the following, which health issues are associated with obesity in middle adulthood?

A) high blood pressure
B) high cholesterol levels
C) worse outcomes for many types of cancer
D) all of these

Question 28

During middle adulthood, how does hearing ability change?

A) Higher frequencies need to be louder in order to be heard.
B) Lower frequencies need to be louder in order to be heard.
C) The ability to hear human speech remains constant, but the perception of tonal elements decreases.
D) The ability to listen to speech in a crowded environment declines, while the ability to listen to someone alone without background noise increases.

Question 29

The major method of compensation for the vision changes seen in middle adulthood is:

A) the use of eye glasses to read.
B) the use of eye glasses to drive.
C) exercising the eye muscles.
D) surgical correction of the lens.

Question 30

A practical problem with vision for adults in middle age is:

A) an inability to perceive subtle colors, especially green and red, which has an impact on driving.
B) reading even with the aid of glasses.
C) driving without glasses.
D) changes in the ability to dark adapt.

Question 31

When she reached 50, Kristin found that it was more difficult to __________, which is typical for a woman of her age.

A) distinguish between reds and greens
B) drive at night
C) focus on faraway objects
D) read the letters on highway signs during the day

Question 32

A major change in hearing for many middle-aged adults is:

A) less sensitivity to low pitched sounds
B) less sensitivity to high pitched sounds.
C) less sensitivity to medium pitched sounds
D) problems with sounds, in general, if there is no context for comprehension.

Question 33

Ramon has noticed that he has lost the ability to hear certain tones, and his hearing in general is starting to decline. How old is Ramon?

A) 20 years old
B) 30 years old
C) 40 years old
D) 50 years old

Question 34

The basic reason that middle-aged adults tend to gain weight at a higher rate than younger individuals is:

A) that the ratio of lean body mass to fat decreases.
B) that hormonal production decreases.
C) due to genetics.
D) that adults tend to eat more, but compensate with more activity.

Question 35

If typical of others his age, forty-four year old Talon can expect to have difficulty:

A) reading small print.
B) driving as he can't see long distances well.
C) discriminating among familiar colors.
D) in seeing six to eight feet away, but can see at near and far distances as well as he did when he was younger.

Question 36

Of the following, which 50-year-old would be most likely to binge drink?

A) Earl, who earns a good income and has been divorced for two years and smokes
B) Ralph, who works for minimum wage and has been happily married for ten years
C) Nico, who earns a good income and sometimes smokes marijuana with his wife of twenty years
D) Hannah, who takes a prescribed medication for migraines and is separated from her husband

Question 37

Ike, age 35, has developed a "middle-age spread," referring to wider hips, thicker thighs, and a "beer belly." This is most likely due to a:

A) lower basal metabolism rate and a decreased rate of exercise.
B) higher basal metabolism rate and a decreased rate of exercise.
C) higher basal metabolism rate and an increased rate of exercise.
D) lower basal metabolism rate and an increased rate of exercise.

Question 38

Which of the following individuals would have the highest basal metabolism rate?

A) Brenda, a 44-year-old woman
B) Wendy, a 24-year-old woman
C) Karen, an 18-year-old woman
D) Hans, a 25-year-old male

Question 39

Which of the following statements regarding the basal metabolism rate is TRUE?

A) It is slightly higher for females than males.
B) It drops most quickly during middle adulthood.
C) It is the result of an increase in the ratio of lean body mass to fat.
D) It is the minimum amount of energy an individual tends to use when in a resting state.

Question 40

Of the following individuals, who is most at risk for becoming obese?

A) Randall, who likes comfort food but whose parents were both of normal weight
B) Wade, who exercises regularly and whose mother was obese
C) Olivia, whose father was overweight but whose mother was of normal weight
D) Rin, whose parents were both obese

Question 41

What is NOT accurate about the changes to muscle mass over a lifetime?

A) Decline is inevitable.
B) It peaks near the end of adolescence.
C) Swimming is a good way to maintain muscles.
D) Brisk walking is one method to maintain muscles.

Question 42

The __________ refers to the midlife changes in hormone levels that affects fertility.

A) climacteric
B) climacterium
C) menopause
D) andropause

Question 43

According to the Center for Disease Control, approximately __________ of adults ages 50 to 64 have regular health screening.

A) 25 percent
B) 33 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 44

If Christopher is typical of most Americans between the ages of 16 and 55, how many times per year does he engage in sex?

A) 100
B) 113
C) 125
D) 138

Question 45

Climacteric refers to:

A) the loss of reproductive ability in the male.
B) a relatively abrupt change in the body brought about by hormonal changes.
C) the loss of reproductive ability in the female.
D) a change in sexual potency.

Question 46

The main causes of death in middle adulthood are:

A) stress and alcoholism.
B) falls due to bone loss and strokes.
C) cancer and neurological disorders.
D) heart and lung diseases.

Question 47

Of the following individuals, who is likely to have the most sexual encounters per year?

A) Simon, a 32 year old from Athens, Greece
B) Hugo, a 28 year old from Nice, France
C) Henry, a forty year old from Queenstown, New Zealand
D) Amanda, an 18 year old from Big Sur, California

Question 48

Which of the following symptoms is associated with menopause?

A) hot flashes
B) exhaustion
C) mood swings
D) all of these

Question 49

The main physical change in menopause is that:

A) the ovaries cease to produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
B) there is an increased sex drive.
C) mental health usually declines.
D) the ovaries release only immature eggs.

Question 50

On average, people reach their peak muscular ability around age:

A) 17.
B) 25.
C) 30.
D) 40.

Question 51

__________ refers to the cessation of women's menstruation typically occurring in the late 40's and early 50's.

A) Climacteric
B) Menopause
C) Climacterium
D) Menses

Question 52

Alice feels lucky that she has enjoyed going jogging (she doesn't call it running, because she doesn't emphasize speed) ever since her high school years. At 55, she still enjoys the wind on her face and the yearly cycles of flowers and birds that change in her neighborhood. Alice is most likely

A) endangering her bone structure.
B) affecting her muscle mass and heart efficiency.
C) not helping her muscles as much as she thinks, because muscle growth is complete by age 17.
D) going to have to stop jogging soon if she wants to remain structurally sound.

Question 53

Alissa is going through menopause. Although every woman is different, Alissa is most likely between the ages of:

A) 28 and 32 years old.
B) 35 and 45 years old.
C) 48 and 52 years old.
D) 55 and 65 years old.

Question 54

The current popularity of __________ may be reducing the trend of weight gain and muscle loss in middle age.

A) liposuction
B) stomach resectioning
C) low-fat diets
D) aerobic exercise

Question 55

The cessation of menstruation is called:

A) menopause.
B) climacteric.
C) climacterium.
D) menarche.

Question 56

According to the Center for Disease Control, approximately __________ of adults aged 50 to 64 do not have regular health screening.

A) 75 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 33 percent
D) 25 percent

Question 57

__________ is a general term that refers to a relatively abrupt change in the body brought about by changes in hormonal balances.

A) Menopause
B) Climacterium
C) Menses
D) Climacteric

Question 58

Jennifer scheduled a mammogram and colonoscopy, as is recommended for a fifty year old woman. Jennifer is one of __________ Americans in her age group who takes advantage of health care screening.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) ten

Question 59

Which of the following is accurate about sexuality in middle adulthood?

A) Changes in related hormone levels and sexual activities change gradually.
B) Changes in related hormone levels occur rapidly, but sexual activities decline gradually.
C) Changes in related hormone levels occur gradually, but sexual activities decline rapidly.
D) Changes in related hormone levels and sexual activities change rapidly.

Question 60

Michael is 45. He has decided to make life choices that will extend and improve the quality of his life. What should he know?

A) Aerobic exercise will decrease weight gain and maintain muscle mass.
B) Heredity can affect health beyond life style choices
C) Decreasing alcohol intake, quitting smoking, and avoiding overeating are optimal choices.
D) Michael should be aware of all of these

Question 61

For males, the relatively abrupt change in hormones that occurs in late middle age is known as:

A) andropause.
B) impotency.
C) infertility.
D) the male change of life.

Question 62

What has offered the most relief for women who experience serious problems with menopause?

A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) Hormone replacement therapy
C) Dialectical behavioral therapy
D) Group therapy

Question 63

Bill has noticed that he has experienced a loss of libido, and his capacity to react to sexual stimuli has declined. Bill is experiencing:

A) the climacterium.
B) andropause.
C) the male change of life.
D) impotency.

Question 64

When is the optimal time to introduce hormone replacement therapy for menopause?

A) at the beginning of the onset of symptoms
B) after menopause is firmly established
C) after the onset of symptoms and continued throughout life
D) There is no optimal time to use this form of therapy as its potential for harm outweighs the benefits

Question 65

__________ is a menopause treatment whereby women receive endocrine supplements.

A) Hormone replacement therapy
B) Chemical support therapy
C) Holistic therapy support
D) Hormone inactivation management

Question 66

Which is accurate regarding cross-cultural research on menopause?

A) American women tend to report hot flashes as the most common symptom
B) Japanese women have such problems with temperature; they have a specific name for it
C) Nigerian women have problems with limb mobility especially hips and ankles
D) Menopause appears to be strictly psychological

Question 67

Sierra is 52. What changes can she expect in terms of her sexual response?

A) Decreased orgasmic response
B) Increased interest in sex due to less fear of pregnancy
C) Less discomfort during the process of penetration
D) A greater need for artificial sources of vaginal lubrication

Question 68

Darla is experiencing serious problems with menopause, so her physician would likely discuss with her whether to put her on:

A) a weight-loss program.
B) hormone replacement therapy.
C) an exercise program.
D) a diet high in carbohydrates.

Question 69

Physiological changes at mid-life in the male sexual system include:

A) lower levels of testosterone.
B) fewer viable sperm.
C) a decrease in sex steroids.
D) all of these

Question 70

Which of the following is associated with men in middle adulthood?

A) fewer viable sperm produced
B) changes in the testes
C) changes in the prostate
D) all of these

Question 71

Benefits of hormone replacement therapy include reduced risk of:

A) colorectal cancer.
B) heart disease.
C) osteoporosis.
D) all of these

Question 72

Changes associated with lower levels of estrogen include:

A) less vaginal lubrication.
B) increased risk for blood clots.
C) greater chance of heart disease.
D) all of these

Question 73

Which of the following changes in sexual behavior is associated with menopause?

A) less vaginal lubrication
B) slower arousal
C) need for extra stimulation
D) all of these

Question 74

Min-jee is just beginning menopause. What can she expect?

A) Body temperature will tend to decrease especially at night.
B) Higher levels of progesterone will put her at risk for breast cancer.
C) While hormonal changes may change sexual activity, interest does not necessarily decline.
D) Hormonal replacement therapy is optimal for eliminating unwanted side effects.

Question 75

Cultural variations in menopausal symptoms suggest:

A) perceptions influence symptoms.
B) diet can have an impact on which symptom is most prevalent.
C) genetic factors play a role in menopause.
D) all of these

Question 76

Low estrogen levels have been found in __________ and are associated with __________.

A) men; increased sexual interest
B) women; increased sexual interest
C) men; decreased sexual interest
D) women; decreased sexual interest

Question 77

Carole, Angie, and Nora have been golf buddies for years. Now in their fifties, when the subject of sexuality comes up during their games, they are likely to be discussing:

A) their sorrow over the lack of orgasmic responsiveness they now have during sexual activities.
B) how much they are now feeling depressed.
C) the addition of vaginal lubricant products to their regular shopping list.
D) their increased interest in men who are much younger than their husbands.

Question 78

Of the following women, who is the best candidate for hormone replacement therapy?

A) Karina, a seventy year old, who hasn't menstruated since she was forty five
B) Sophie, a forty two year old, who is just beginning to experience menopause
C) Jessica, a sixty year old, who has a family history of breast cancer
D) Melissa, a sixty five year old, who has hypertension and arteriosclerosis

Question 79

For middle-aged males, testosterone has been shown:

A) to decline dramatically.
B) to remain fairly stable, with only a slight decline.
C) to increase.
D) to fluctuate dramatically over the course of a month.

Question 80

Hormone replacement therapy, which eliminates many of the symptoms of menopause, also:

A) increases the risk of breast cancer.
B) increases the chance of heart attack.
C) increases the chance of stroke.
D) all of these