Deck 9: Early Adulthood

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of an educational initiation activity?

A) joining a sorority
B) going away to college
C) bar mitzvah
D) voting for the first time

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Taylor has come of age and now qualifies to go on a yearlong mission for his church. Taylor must decide where he will go based on his resources and interests. Taylor is going to complete a(n) _________ activity.

A) economic
B) social
C) educational
D) religious

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following qualifies as a social rite of passage?

A) going to college
B) getting married
C) confirmation
D) getting a first job

Answer 3

B

Question 4

__________ is the practice of initiating individuals into group membership through arduous and demeaning tasks.

A) Taunting
B) Lampooning
C) Harassing
D) Hazing

Question 5

Dada has noticed that what used to be light hair on his face has turned to stubble. If he doesn't want to grow a moustache, Dada had better start shaving. Dada has just passed a(n) __________ rite of passage.

A) physical
B) emotional
C) puberty
D) social

Question 6

Which of the following is considered an absolute indication of adulthood?

A) Completion of the Bar or Bat Mitzvah
B) Becoming of age to vote
C) Having a child
D) none of these

Question 7

Traditional Maasai initiations into adulthood for men requires:

A) surviving in the wilderness, armed with a spear and a water jug.
B) living alone on the savannah for one year.
C) cooperation within a group to track and kill a lion.
D) hunting a lion and killing it, armed with only a spear

Question 8

What type of initiation activity is getting a driver's license categorized under?

A) educational transition
B) social transition
C) religious transition
D) economic transition

Question 9

Joining a sports team, a gang, or the counterculture movement are evidence that adolescents:

A) are masochistic.
B) epitomize "why the caged bird sings."
C) yearn for some form of initiation rite.
D) are developing an ascribed identity.

Question 10

__________ is the transition from adolescence to adulthood that includes exploration and experimentation.

A) Early adulthood
B) Late adolescence
C) Emerging adulthood
D) Preadulthood

Question 11

Menarche is an example of what type of initiation activity?

A) physical
B) religious
C) social
D) educational

Question 12

Angela is twenty years old and is in college. She has yet to move from her parents' home because it is more economical. Angela would be considered a(n):

A) late adolescent.
B) fail-to-leave adult.
C) mid-level adult.
D) emerging adult.

Question 13

In the United States, losing one's virginity is considered a(n) __________ rite of passage.

A) physical
B) social
C) religious
D) educational

Question 14

Joe has just arrived at Marine Boot Camp after enlisting in the service. The older recruits frequently humiliate him and involve him in degrading behaviors. Joe is experiencing:

A) adolescent moratorium.
B) hazing.
C) a countercultural rite of passage.
D) peak development.

Question 15

Emerging adulthood spans the ages of __________ years.

A) eighteen to twenty five
B) twenty to thirty
C) fifteen to twenty
D) eighteen to twenty one

Question 16

With the birth of their twins, Dana and Fox became first-time parents. This is an example of a(n) __________ rite of passage.

A) sexual
B) social
C) economic
D) religious

Question 17

When Kayla graduated from law school, she got her first job in a prestigious law firm. Her job is an example of:

A) an educational rite of passage.
B) an economic rite of passage.
C) a social rite of passage.
D) an enhanced rite of passage.

Question 18

A high school graduation ceremony is an example of what type of initiation activity?

A) social
B) economic
C) religious
D) educational

Question 19

Bar Mitzvah, menarche, getting a driver's license, and voting for the first time are examples of:

A) activities in Western societies that signal the passage from adolescence to adulthood.
B) hazing.
C) identity foreclosure.
D) identity moratorium.

Question 20

Confirmation, Bar and Bat mitzvahs are examples of __________ initiation activities.

A) religious
B) educational
C) social
D) economic

Question 21

Jeff is 6'7" and is worried that he will keep growing, even though he has no interest in basketball. If Jeff is 20, what should you tell him?

A) "Perhaps you will change your mind about basketball, because you will continue to grow another year."
B) "At your age, it is difficult to predict how tall you will eventually become."
C) "Not to worry, as most males achieve their maximum height at 18 years of age."
D) "Not to worry, as most males achieve their maximum height at 20 years of age, and then begin to lose height, slowly but surely."

Question 22

Obadias has managed to find a lone male lion and kill him without dying himself. With great pride and relief, Obdias is returning to his tribe, knowing he will be accepted as a full adult. Obadias has:

A) an ascribed identity.
B) an achieved identity.
C) survived a vision quest.
D) completed a walkabout.

Question 23

In females, maximum height is typically reached at approximately age:

A) 15.
B) 16.
C) 17.
D) 18.

Question 24

Hammond learned from his doctor that his cardiac output and vital capacity have begun to decline, but Hammond may not notice this for a few more years. Hammond is most likely

A) just over 25.
B) just over 35.
C) just over 45.
D) just over 55.

Question 25

One of the more controversial rites of passage in terms of physical and psychological trauma is the practice of:

A) the walkabout.
B) the vision quest.
C) female circumcision.
D) arranged marriages.

Question 26

David's interest in news reporting during high school led to a position on the school newspaper, freelance writing, and an internship during the summer for a local newspaper. His early commitment to reporting paid off, as he got a job right out of college. David has:

A) an achieved identity.
B) an ascribed identity.
C) a foreclosed identity.
D) an identity moratorium.

Question 27

Which of the following is not one of Knowles's elements of adulthood?

A) biological
B) emotional
C) social
D) psychological

Question 28

Rachael, who runs for fitness, notices that she is starting to lose the endurance she once had, and is beginning to lose a step or two from her top speed. About how old is she?

A) 16
B) 20
C) 28
D) 35

Question 29

An __________ identity is a sense of one's self based on determination of others, not the individual.

A) achieved
B) accredited
C) attributed
D) ascribed

Question 30

After the age of 26, the average individual begins to lose some height. This is due to:

A) poor muscle tone.
B) poor posture.
C) settling of the spinal disks.
D) weight gain.

Question 31

An __________ identity is a sense of one's self based on personal effort and commitment.

A) achieved
B) accredited
C) attributed
D) ascribed

Question 32

Brenda is a Caucasian woman. As a result, she has privileges that are awarded her that are not to others without her ethnic status. Brenda:

A) has an ascribed identity.
B) has an achieved identity.
C) is an example of the fundamental attribution error.
D) is an example of the halo effect.

Question 33

Gelasia is 5'6" tall and has reached her maximum height. Before this age, she was still growing; after this age, her height will slowly decrease. Gelasia is __________ years old.

A) 18
B) 28
C) 38
D) 12

Question 34

In males, maximum height is typically reached at approximately age:

A) 20.
B) 18.
C) 17.
D) 16.

Question 35

For Native Americans, adolescent males gained entry into adult male society through:

A) completion of the walkabout.
B) a vision quest.
C) circumcision.
D) tracking and killing a bear single handedly.

Question 36

The Australian Aborigines' standard ritual for introduction into adult male society is:

A) the walkabout.
B) circumcision
C) killing a dingo single handedly.
D) seeking a spiritual connection with the land through exposure to the elements and the use of hallucinogens.

Question 37

Psychologist Malcolm Knowles identified three facets of adulthood, including:

A) biological, emotional, and social.
B) physical, maturational, and emotional.
C) biological, gender role, and social.
D) biological, social, and psychological.

Question 38

__________ is the time when the efficiency of most bodily functions peaks.

A) Adolescence
B) Early adulthood
C) Middle adulthood
D) Later adulthood

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a physiological characteristic typically occurring after age 30?

A) Maximum pulmonary output
B) An increase in fatty tissue
C) Leveling off and stabilizing of reaction times
D) Decrease in muscle strength

Question 40

A young man growing up in a preindustrial society gained individual status from the tribe to which he belonged. This is called:

A) an achieved identity.
B) an ascribed identity.
C) identity foreclosure.
D) identity moratorium.

Question 41

Professional athletes are examples of people who consistently attempt to:

A) use their total psychological reserves.
B) save portions of their organ reserves.
C) reduce the amount of energy required for their organ reserves.
D) use the total capacity of their organ reserves.

Question 42

The most significant decreases in organ reserves for most people involve the:

A) heart, lungs and intestines.
B) heart, lungs and kidneys.
C) heart, lungs and liver.
D) heart, liver and kidneys.

Question 43

Which of the following statements concerning hearing in early adulthood is accurate?

A) Women are able to detect higher-pitched sounds.
B) Men are able to detect higher-pitched sounds.
C) Hearing capabilities are identical in men and women.
D) Women are able to detect lower-pitched sounds.

Question 44

Cancer and heart disease have been linked to:

A) diet.
B) alcohol consumption.
C) a sedentary lifestyle.
D) failure of the organ reserve.

Question 45

Which type of diet increases the danger of developing problems related to cholesterol?

A) A high-fiber diet
B) A high-protein diet
C) A high-fat diet
D) A high-carbohydrate diet

Question 46

Julia's nurse practitioner informed her that she is at high risk for stroke or heart attack. Julia probably has been eating too many foods that are:

A) high in alcohol.
B) high in cholesterol.
C) low in cholesterol.
D) low in vitamins.

Question 47

According to the American Cancer Society, a diet that is high in __________ reduces the risk of developing some types of cancer.

A) carbohydrates
B) sodium
C) protein
D) fiber

Question 48

Rudy has been put on a low-fat diet by his physician. This type of diet would emphasize:

A) fish, poultry, and whole milk.
B) red meat, yogurt, and cottage cheese.
C) eggs, cottage cheese, and fish.
D) poultry, fish, and yogurt,.

Question 49

__________ is the part of the total capacity of our body's organs that we do not normally need to use.

A) Organ potential
B) Organ capacity
C) Organ gain
D) Organ reserve

Question 50

Chad's physician tells him that he has a substance in his blood that leaves deposits along his blood vessel walls and blocks blood flow to his heart. This substance is:

A) high-density lipoproteins.
B) cholesterol.
C) amino acids.
D) fibrillary tangles.

Question 51

Which of the following would be considered high-fiber foods?

A) leafy green and cruciferous vegetables
B) poultry, fish and yogurt
C) red meat, cauliflower and broccoli
D) chicken, fish and whole grain breads

Question 52

After age 30, performance organs, muscles, and bones begin to decline as a rate of __________ per year.

A) 1 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 7 percent
D) 10 percent

Question 53

Bessie, a 25-year-old long-distance runner, asked her trainer if she could continue to use her full organ reserves into her sixties. Her trainer said, "Biology sets your limits, but your personal pride and a cheering crowd will determine giving it your all." This describes:

A) the mind over matter model.
B) the "you are what you eat" model.
C) the ascribed identity model.
D) the biopsychosocial model.

Question 54

The loss of eye lens flexibility results in difficulty focusing on close objects. This process begins:

A) around the age of 26.
B) around the age of 32.
C) as early as the age of 10.
D) during middle age.

Question 55

The term organ reserve refers to:

A) some organs being paired rather than single.
B) the part of the total capacity of the body's organs that is not normally used.
C) the steady increase of organ potential during physical maturation.
D) the output of energy during normal daily tasks.

Question 56

Cai has been told that he needs to have more fiber in his diet including cruciferous vegetables. Cai asks the grocer what these are. What will the grocer give Cai?

A) cucumbers, iceberg lettuce and tomatoes
B) cauliflower, broccoli and brussels sprouts
C) mushrooms, bok choy, celery
D) oats, rice and wheat

Question 57

__________ is a substance in the blood that can adhere to the walls of the blood vessels, restricting blood flow and causing strokes and heart attacks.

A) Cholesterol
B) Placque
C) Trans-fat
D) Triglyceride

Question 58

What happens to our organ reserves as we age?

A) They hold steady until around the age of 40, then drop rapidly.
B) They reach peak potential in our twenties, and remain steady until we die.
C) They increase until around the age of 35, and then begin a gradual decline.
D) They peak in our twenties, then begin to decline.

Question 59

Which of the following has the greatest impact on an individual's health?

A) lifestyle choices
B) the area they live in
C) medical advances
D) marital status

Question 60

Why aren't most people aware of the decline of organ reserves in early adulthood?

A) There is no decline in early adulthood.
B) The decline is too gradual to notice.
C) Organ reserves are called upon regularly, and most people have habituated to the decline.
D) Organ reserves are seldom called upon, so the decline is not noticeable.

Question 61

By smoking, Rhonda increases her risk for

A) esophageal cancer.
B) diabetes.
C) cervical cancer.
D) auto immune disease.

Question 62

Amber drinks daily, smokes two packs of cigarettes, dabbles in illegal drug use and is not a most cautious driver. Of these risky behaviors, which is the most lethal statistically?

A) the alcohol
B) the potential for a car accident
C) the smoking
D) the drug use

Question 63

Hamiya has been diagnosed with heart disease. What is the best thing that Hamiya can do to improve his heart's functioning?

A) quit drinking
B) start eating a high fiber diet
C) start walking
D) quit smoking

Question 64

Which of the following are known effects of drinking?

A) decreased reaction times
B) birth defects
C) inhibition of the immune system
D) all of these

Question 65

The American Cancer Society recommends that adults lower fat intake to no more than __________ of their daily caloric total.

A) 20 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 40 percent

Question 66

Eugene and Charlie have started a hookah club on their college campus which has become very popular. By promoting smoking flavored tobaccos in the hookahs, instead of cigarette smoking, club members:

A) are substantially reducing their risk of cancer and heart disease.
B) are substantially increasing their risk of cancer and heart disease.
C) are at the same risk of cancer and heart disease.
D) are substantially increasing their risk for alcoholism.

Question 67

Martha heads the human resources department of a large corporation. She decides that the company will build an exercise gym for employees. Her reasoning most likely is that:

A) if people stay fit and attractive, the employees will stay with the company longer just so they can increase their opportunities for socialization.
B) an attractive workforce increases Martha's chances for her own promotion.
C) the work time lost to exercising is more than made up for by healthy employees.
D) the employees will have less time available for gossip and wasted time.

Question 68

As a class, alcohol is classified as a __________ because of its effects on the nervous system and behavior.

A) depressant
B) stimulant
C) narcotic
D) hallucinogen

Question 69

The number of smokers in the United States:

A) has increased by 1% every year for the last 20 years.
B) has decreased by 5% every year for the last 15 years.
C) has stayed fairly stable for the last 30 years.
D) has decreased by 1% every year for the last 20 years.

Question 70

Paolo has adjusted his diet but is considering taking an additional step towards good health. What advice would be optimal for Paolo's health?

A) No pain, no gain.
B) Even moderate exercise will reduce the risk of diabetes, stroke, and osteoporosis.
C) The more strenuous the exercise, the more benefit will be achieved.
D) Mild exercise, like strolling, is as effective as brisk walking.

Question 71

Currently, the number of people who smoke in America:

A) is higher than it has ever been.
B) is the same as it was 25 years ago.
C) is only somewhat lower than when it peaked during the late 1950s.
D) is lower now than at any time in the past 20 years.

Question 72

The American culture has been considered:

A) obesogenic.
B) healthy, on the whole, compared to past nutritional and behavioral patterns.
C) inadequate in promoting adequate calories but not vitamins.
D) adequate promoting diets rich in vitamins and fiber but too heavy in fat.

Question 73

The leading preventable cause of death in the United States is:

A) smoking.
B) alcoholism.
C) drug abuse.
D) car accidents.

Question 74

Studies indicate that walking for __________ a week can significantly extend a woman's life.

A) 2.5 hours
B) five hours
C) one hour
D) seven hours

Question 75

The typical American lifestyle and diet:

A) promotes good health.
B) promotes poor health risks that are of one's own choosing.
C) promotes poor health risks that are in the control of manufacturers and governments.
D) promotes improved mental and physical capacity.

Question 76

Of the following, what are cardiac effects of smoking cigarettes?

A) increases heart rate
B) increases blood pressure
C) constricts blood pressure
D) all of these

Question 77

Binge drinking is defined as __________ or more drinks in a row for men and __________ or more drinks in a row for women.

A) five; four
B) four; five
C) three; two
D) five; five

Question 78

Of the following individuals, who is most likely to be a binge drinker?

A) Gary, a 30 year old accountant
B) Macario, a 17 year old high school student who plays rugby
C) Catherine, a 22 year old college student
D) Rose, a 19 year old art major at a community college

Question 79

Joe is at a party with his college roommate and some friends. Although they don't realize it, they are all binge drinking, which means they have had:

A) three or more drinks in a row.
B) five or more drinks in a row.
C) seven or more drinks in a row.
D) 10 or more drinks in a row.

Question 80

__________ causes the most deaths in the United States.

A) Alcohol
B) Murder
C) Smoking
D) AIDS