Deck 27: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Question 1

A 2-week-old female presents with fever,cough,respiratory distress,and empyema.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart?

A) Viral pneumonia
B) Pneumococcal pneumonia
C) Staphylococcal pneumonia
D) Mycoplasma pneumonia

Answer 1

Staphylococcal pneumonia

Question 2

A 5-year-old male presents with high fever,inspiratory stridor,severe respiratory distress,drooling,and dysphagia.Which of the following behaviors by the student nurse would be a cause for concern?

A) The student nurse tries to keep the child calm.
B) The student nurse examines the throat for redness.
C) The student nurse auscultates the child's respiratory rate.
D) The student nurse counts the heart rate apically.

Answer 2

The student nurse examines the throat for redness.

Question 3

A 9-year-old male contracted influenza.Which of the following complications is of greatest concern to the nurse?

A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Bronchiolitis obliterans
C) Emphysema
D) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

Answer 3

Bronchiolitis obliterans

Question 4

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome.When obtaining the patient's history,which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition?

A) Low birth weight
B) Alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy
C) Premature birth
D) Smoking by the mother during pregnancy

Question 5

A 2-year-old female fell in a swimming pool and nearly drowned.She then developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Which of the following should the nurse assess the patient for?

A) Decreased heart rate
B) Increased lung compliance
C) Increased surfactant production
D) Hypoxemia

Question 6

An infant was born 10 weeks premature and put on mechanical ventilation.Two months later he presents with hypoxemia and hypercapnia.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe documented on the chart?

A) Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
B) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
C) Bronchiolitis
D) Pneumonia

Question 7

A 2-year-old male presents with fever and cough.He is diagnosed with pneumonia.While planning treatment for this patient,the nurse recognizes that which of the following is the most likely cause?

A) Bacteria
B) Viruses
C) Mycoplasma species
D) Toxic inhalations

Question 8

A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with croup.When the parent asks what caused this,what is the nurse's best response? The most likely cause of this disease is:

A) Bacteria
B) Acute hyperventilation
C) Allergy
D) Viral infection

Question 9

A 14-year-old male is experiencing an asthma exacerbation.When reviewing the lab results,which of the following cells in the submucosa promote this inflammatory response and will be elevated?

A) Neutrophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Macrophages
D) Lymphocytes

Question 10

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome.A nurse monitors the newborn for atelectasis because of:

A) A lack of surfactant
B) Pulmonary edema
C) Airway obstruction
D) Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 11

An 11-year-old female presents with a low-grade fever and cough.She is diagnosed with atypical pneumonia.What type of pneumonia does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?

A) Pneumococcal pneumonia
B) Viral pneumonia
C) Mycoplasma pneumonia
D) Streptococcal pneumonia

Question 12

While planning care,a nurse recalls respiratory distress and hypoxemia in laryngotracheobronchitis are caused by:

A) Infectious pulmonary edema
B) Mucosal edema
C) Decreased surfactant
D) Nasopharyngeal obstruction

Question 13

A geneticist is discussing cystic fibrosis (CF).Which information should be included? CF is an _____ disease.

A) Autosomal recessive
B) Autosomal dominant
C) X-linked recessive
D) X-linked dominant

Question 14

A 6-month-old female presents with rhinorrhea,cough,poor feeding,lethargy,and fever.She is diagnosed with bronchiolitis.Which of the following will the nurse most likely observe on the culture report?

A) Parainfluenza virus
B) Haemophilus B influenzae
C) Respiratory syncytial virus
D) Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus

Question 15

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).The nurse reports this condition appeared:

A) Within minutes of birth
B) 2 to 3 hours after birth
C) Within the first 12 to 24 hours after birth
D) 24 to 48 hours after exposure to an infectious organism

Question 16

A newborn has respiratory distress syndrome.A nurse recalls cardiovascular alterations seen in respiratory distress syndrome include:

A) Left-to-right shunt
B) Left ventricular dilation
C) Pulmonary hypotension
D) Opening of fetal shunt pathways

Question 17

During a respiratory assessment of an infant with respiratory distress syndrome,a sinking in the supraclavicular and intercostal areas of the thorax was noted with inspiration.This observation is documented as:

A) Grunting
B) Tachypnea
C) Retractions
D) Nasal flaring

Question 18

While planning care for a child with asthma,which of the following is characteristic of asthma?

A) Increased lung volumes
B) Prolonged expirations
C) Air trapping
D) Dead space

Question 19

A 13-year-old female is diagnosed with asthma.Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to recognize as part of an asthmatic attack?

A) Headache
B) Chest pain
C) Wheezing
D) Low heart rate

Question 20

A 10-year-old male was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea.When the parents ask what treatment comes next,how should the nurse respond? The treatment that will most likely be tried first is:

A) Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A)
B) Weight loss
C) Continuous positive airway pressure
D) Drug therapy

Question 21

To prevent sudden infant death syndrome,the nurse should instruct parents to:

A) Place infants on a soft mattress for sleeping.
B) Always lay infants down on their backs to sleep.
C) Breast-feed their infants.
D) Keep the infant's room very warm.

Question 22

A young patient is admitted to the pediatric unit with cystic fibrosis (CF)exacerbation.The nurse monitors the patient closely because the main cause of death in a child with CF is:

A) Airway rigidity
B) Pulmonary edema
C) Respiratory failure
D) Asthma-like bronchospasms

Question 23

While reviewing lab results,to help confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in a 1-year-old child which substance will be present in the child's sweat?

A) Potassium
B) Sodium chloride
C) Magnesium
D) Carbonic acid

Question 24

A 7-month-old male presents with cystic fibrosis (CF)accompanied by failure to thrive and frequent,loose,and oily stools.Sweat testing reveals increased chloride.Which of the following should the nurse observe for that would accompany this disease?

A) Autoantibodies that target the lungs and pancreas
B) A thick mucus
C) Enzymes that degrade surfactant in the alveoli
D) A toxic amount of electrolytes from secretory glands

Question 25

A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with croup.Which of the following symptoms is most likely to be present when the nurse performs an assessment? (Select all that apply.)

A) Barking cough
B) Stridor
C) Hoarseness
D) Drooling
E) Truncal rash

Question 26

A nurse remembers bronchiolitis mainly occurs in children under the age of _____.

Question 27

A 5-month-old female is found dead in her crib.The coroner ruled sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)as the cause of death.Which of the following risk factors is most likely associated with SIDS?

A) Congenital heart disease
B) Female gender
C) Caucasian race
D) Frequent respiratory infections

Question 28

A nurse is teaching about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).Which information should the nurse include? SIDS peaks between _____ and ____months of age.

A) 1, 2
B) 3, 4
C) 6, 8
D) 10, 12

Question 29

Asthma affects ____% of children between 5 and 17 years of age.