Deck 2: Introduction to Community Development

Question 1

Which of the following methods can best promote a community's sense of identity?

A) providing a newspaper column for news items relating to the community
B) identifying and uniting against a common enemy
C) promoting fun-filled activities and community sports teams
D) providing adequate land use
E) eliminating a common enemy

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Why is it difficult to measure the effectiveness of community interventions?

A) hard evidence such as frequency of participation in activities do not portray the real impact of the intervention
B) interventions are diverse and therefore it is very difficult to quantify the results
C) communities feel defensive when evaluation of interventions occur
D) there are no objective measurement tools available for community work
E) subjective data is not acceptable as a measure of effectiveness of community interventions

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In what way does stigma weaken a community?

A) community members are unable to make decisions that promote strength
B) interaction does not occur among neighbours
C) the community becomes self contained
D) community members feel shame and fear
E) the community feel the lack of control

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Financial leakage is associated with the growth of big business and globalization where

A) finances of the community are funnelled to the grassroots.
B) communities do not profit from this growth of business.
C) local profits are drained away to more distant places.
D) local profits are leaked to the local members.
E) global executives manage local businesses.

Question 5

Community workers can best provide a "sense of place" for members by

A) enhancing citizen participation.
B) encouraging development of food gardens.
C) preparing plans for affordable housing.
D) providing employment through buying franchises.
E) forming food cooperatives.

Question 6

One of the myths of community development relates to communities

A) speaking with multiple voices.
B) having an easy time in measuring outcomes.
C) having a difficult time finding solutions.
D) having a difficult time with funding their services.
E) finding individuals who represent the community's best interests.

Question 7

The goals of a bottom-up approach of community development includes

A) formation of a cooperative and restoration of a sense of community.
B) restoration of quality of life and a sense of community.
C) enhancement of the political process and formation of a community collective.
D) restoration of industries and a sense of community.
E) enhancement of capacity potential and formalization of political processes.

Question 8

A community made up of people from different social classes and ethnicity and do not work together is

A) suffering from financial leakage.
B) fragmented.
C) imbalanced.
D) unable to sustain themselves.
E) bound to deteriorate into a ghetto.

Question 9

Community organization refers to collaboration among agencies while community action focuses on

A) assessing needs and capacities to do program planning.
B) expanding services of local agencies to meet community members' needs.
C) promoting collective action for the good of the community.
D) acting directly against organizations that promote societal division.
E) enhancing the members' capacities for problem solving.

Question 10

Which of the following communities illustrate a bottom-up approach of community development?

A) a group of politicians agreed to develop a bike and hiking trail for a newly developed community
B) newcomers to a community organized a tutoring program for the school-aged children
C) a group of professionals developed a program on financial aid for students who come from a lower income part of the community
D) seniors in the community attended a program of exercise and nutrition in the community centre
E) faculty organized a group of students to clean the litter in the streets around the high school

Question 11

What type of community work is about collaborating with community agencies?

A) social planning
B) community development
C) community action
D) community organization
E) service extension

Question 12

According to Newman (1973), vandalism and crime rates can be reduced

A) when communities can make decisions about their preferred future and act on these decisions.
B) when communities are designed so that residents have a sense of psychological control.
C) only if there are active voluntary organizations that promote social justice.
D) when communities are allowed to make structural changes in their physical space.
E) only if there is collaboration among agencies that support social justice.

Question 13

A consequence of globalization is

A) more growth of local initiatives.
B) local profits being funnelled elsewhere.
C) development of sophisticated technology.
D) development of silos.
E) formation of closely knit networks.

Question 14

Which of the following is a myth about community development work?

A) community work is flexible and easy
B) community workers can be effective with adequate experience and education
C) funding for community services is inadequate.
D) communities have multiple characteristics and are diverse
E) the practice of community development varies in context

Question 15

Which of the following factors weaken communities?

A) stigma and lack of a shared understanding of the community's history
B) high mobility and the presence of boundaries
C) stigma and some degree of control over decisions that impact on the members' lives
D) projects that require effort and lack of a shared collective history
E) high mobility and deliberate effort to use diversity as a motivating factor

Question 16

The difference between community development and community action is

A) in community development, self-help is emphasized while in community action service expansion is the goal.
B) in community development, helping agencies collaborate to meet the members' needs while in community action, direct action is taken on agencies that promote divisions.
C) community development enhances the community's capacity to solve their problems while community action focuses on directly dealing with organizations that promote societal divisions.
D) community development addresses divisions in the community while community action addresses their capacity.
E) the emphasis of community development is program planning while in community action, service expansion is given emphasis.

Question 17

In the top-down approach of community development, the role of the community developer is

A) organizing the influential individuals to identify the needs and methods of meeting such needs.
B) involving the local businesses in defining the community's goals.
C) organizing the community members to identify their goals for the welfare of the community.
D) inviting all interested parties to attend community or town hall meetings to increase socialization among members.
E) involving all community members in planning events for the community.

Question 18

Which of the following factors strengthen communities?

A) volunteer organizations that serve the community
B) openness and lack of boundaries
C) presence of large organizations
D) high movement and relocation
E) decision making by governments

Question 19

Which of the following examples of community development best illustrate meeting of a basic physical need?

A) a local employment and trading service founded by the community members where they can barter services and goods
B) a community supports fundraising for the building of a community skating arena
C) a community provides support to a global initiative of housing in the far East
D) a community that elects an official who supports the community's need for safety
E) a local and international partnership to build transportation abroad

Question 20

Which of the following examples illustrate a response to an externally imposed condition?

A) the community organized to do fund raising for a family whose house burned down
B) when a new corporation decided to build a steel company near a school, community members formed an action group
C) when a new mayor was elected who did not value the voices of the people, the community demonstrated by the city hall
D) when the municipal council surveyed schools and suggested closing of the ones that had rat infestation
E) the community organized a rally against drunken driving

Question 21

Barter systems are examples of local economic developments that meet employment needs of the community.

Question 22

When communities are labelled as dangerous, people are not willing to invest their energies to make it a better place to live in.

Question 23

The bottom-up approach is used when a community developer defines the goals and the strategies to achieve them for a particular community.

Question 24

Bottom-up community development happens

A) when there is an externally imposed situation.
B) because the government becomes immobilized.
C) when individuals are dissatisfied with their status in the community.
D) when the government decides that the community needs to deal with an issue.
E) because the community has some internal conflicts.

Question 25

In a top-down approach of community development, the community members

A) respond to a local issue as a collective.
B) are persuaded after the goal and methods have been defined.
C) are included in the defining of goals and methods.
D) decide to address their own issues in the manner they believe is right for them.
E) are consulted in every aspect of the process.

Question 26

A community is vibrant when community members have a place where they can have informal gatherings.

Question 27

High mobility can strengthen communities.

Question 28

Clear job descriptions are necessary for community workers to minimize the possibility of burnout.

Question 29

According to McKnight (1995), communities are stronger when

A) there are active voluntary organizations.
B) territoriality is evident.
C) services are provided by the government.
D) decision making is based upon consensus.
E) there are both non-profit and governmental organizations.

Question 30

Adequate and affordable housing can help meet the basic needs of a community.

Question 31

Transience is a factor that can weaken a community because services may be over or underutilized.

Question 32

One of the problems of community work is the lack of opportunities to have good training in community work.

Question 33

Community development can be sustained in both formal and informal ways.

Question 34

Self-help and collective problem solving contribute to successful community development.

Question 35

A community developer who imposes goals and processes upon a community uses the top down approach.

Question 36

Community workers need to correct the myths about the work they do and an example of a myth is

A) community work is difficult to explain to others because of the diversity of roles.
B) there are enough community services that are well funded.
C) that community difficulties arise from structural problems.
D) that all communities have their unique problems and solutions.
E) there are community workers who have credentials and others who have not.

Question 37

To manage population density in a community, there needs to be a balanced land - use plan.

Question 38

Community developers need to ensure that they listen to a broad range of ideas and opinions for project development.

Question 39

When people identify their communities with geographical areas surrounded by natural barriers, the phenomenon is

A) fragmentation.
B) external attribution.
C) natural space.
D) serviceable space.
E) defensible space.

Question 40

When rural communities lose their local businesses, the overall quality of life deteriorates.

Question 41

Differentiate between social planning and service extension.

Question 42

How does a community developer ensure sustainability of community development efforts?

Question 43

Discuss how stigma and high transience weaken communities.

Question 44

Explain why it is a myth that community development is the same in all communities.

Question 45

Explain how lack of boundaries contributes to a weak community.

Question 46

Explain how the concept of fragmentation affects children.

Question 47

How does collective decision making affect community development?

Question 48

How does a lack of shared understanding about the community's history contribute to a weakening of the community?