Deck 30: Anatomy of the Heart

Question 1

The portion of the pericardium that covers the heart wall is called the .

A) parietal layer of the serous pericardium
B) visceral layer (epicardium)
C) fibrous pericardium

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The shapes and the thickness of the walls of the right ventricle compared to the left are _ .

A) different: L ventricle is pocket-shaped (crescent in cross section) with thicker walls
B) identical
C) different: R ventricle is egg-shaped (round in cross section) with thinner walls
D) different: L ventricle is egg-shaped (round in cross section) with thicker walls

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is true about heart valves?

A) They operate passively (no active contraction required).
B) They enforce a one-way blood flow through the heart, operate passively (no active contraction required), and separate atria from ventricles, and ventricles from the large arteries that leave them.
C) They enforce a one-way blood flow through the heart.
D) They separate atria from ventricles, and ventricles from the large arteries that leave them.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Pulmonary veins carry _ blood to the .

A) oxygenated; left atrium
B) oxygenated; right atrium
C) deoxygenated; lungs
D) deoxygenated; right atrium

Question 5

In the coronary circulation, oxygen-rich blood is provided to the heart muscle by the .

A) great middle and small cardiac veins
B) coronary sinus
C) right and left coronary arteries

Question 6

The pericardial sac that encloses the heart is a two-layered structure. The outer layer is the _.

A) fibrous pericardium
B) epicardium
C) serous pericardium

Question 7

What is true of the semilunar valves?

A) They lie between the atria and the ventricular chambers on each side of the heart.
B) They are both on the right side of the heart.
C) They lie between ventricles and the large arteries that leave the ventricles on each side of the heart.
D) They are both on the left side of the heart.

Question 8

Blood arriving in the right atrium has just come from the _.

A) left atrium
B) right ventricle
C) venae cavae and coronary sinus
D) aorta

Question 9

The heart is located in a subdivision of the thorax called the _.

A) dorsal cavity
B) epigastric cavity
C) mediastinum
D) pleural cavity

Question 10

Select the sequence that correctly describes blood flow through the heart.

A) left atrium to left ventricle to body
B) right ventricle to left ventricle
C) right atrium to left atrium
D) right atrium to right ventricle to body

Question 11

The mitral valve is located between the .

A) left ventricle and pulmonary trunk
B) right ventricle and aorta
C) left ventricle and aorta
D) right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 12

The heart is called a double pump because _ .

A) blood flows into the receiving chambers, which pump it to the muscular chambers that pump it again for distribution
B) every chamber has a strong pumping action
C) it is two separate side-by-side pumps serving different circulations
D) blood is sent from one pump that imparts a small pressure directly into a second pump that imparts higher pressure

Question 13

The atrioventricular (AV) heart valves open and close _ .

A) as the circular muscles surrounding them operate
B) as papillary muscles and chordae tentinae pull them
C) passively, depending on the pressure of the blood in the atria and ventricles
D) entirely differently from the mechanism used to operate the semilunar valves.

Question 14

Which side of the heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs?

A) both ventricles
B) right
C) left
D) both atria

Question 15

Cardiac muscle tissue .

A) is found in the heart and major blood vessels
B) is striated, like skeletal muscle tissue
C) has spindle-shaped cells, like smooth muscle tissue
D) is under the control of the voluntary (conscious) nervous system

Question 16

The pulmonary trunk and arteries are color-coded on models and in pictures, because they carry blood.

A) red, oxygen-rich
B) blue, oxygen-poor
C) red, oxygen-poor
D) blue, oxygen-rich

Question 17

The major pumping chambers of the heart are _.

A) the right atrium and ventricle
B) both ventricles
C) the left atrium and ventricle
D) both atria

Question 18

Blood has just been discharged into the pulmonary trunk: from which chamber did it exit?

A) the left atrium
B) the right atrium
C) the right ventricle
D) the left ventricle

Question 19

The largest artery in the body, the aorta, leaves the heart from the .

A) right ventricle
B) left ventricle
C) right atrium
D) left atrium

Question 20

How many chambers make up the human heart?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 21

The intercalated discs in cardiac muscle tissue _ .

A) attach cardiac muscle cells to the fibrous skeleton of the heart
B) are responsible for the banding pattern, or striations, of the tissue, mark the junction between two cardiac cells, and attach cardiac muscle cells to the fibrous skeleton of the heart
C) are responsible for the banding pattern, or striations, of the tissue
D) mark the junction between two cardiac cells

Question 22

The is/are a bundle of cardiac muscle fibers connecting the interventricular septum to anterior papillary muscles.

A) chordae tendinae
B) pectinate muscles
C) trabeculae carnae
D) moderator band

Question 23

Which of the veins listed here drains directly into the right atrium?

A) great cardiac vein
B) small cardiac vein
C) middle cardiac vein
D) anterior cardiac vein

Question 24

What is the name of the circuit that supplies blood to the brain, heart, and gastrointestinal tract?

A) cardiac circulation
B) cephalothoracic circulation
C) pulmonary circulation
D) systemic circulation

Question 25

Which artery supplies the anterior ventricular walls and laterodorsal part of the left side of the heart?

A) posterior interventricular artery
B) left coronary artery
C) right marginal artery
D) right coronary artery

Question 26

This structure is a remnant of a fetal vessel that connected the pulmonary trunk and the aorta.

A) fossa ovalis
B) ductus arteriosus
C) ligamentum arteriosum
D) foramen ovale

Question 27

These vessels carry oxygen-rich blood.

A) venae cavae and pulmonary artery
B) aorta and pulmonary trunk
C) aorta and pulmonary veins
D) venae cavae and pulmonary veins

Question 28

is/are found in the ventricles, and attach the flaps of the AV valves to papillary muscle.

A) Moderator band
B) Chordae tendineae
C) Pectinate muscles
D) Trabeculae carneae