Deck 6: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Question 1

A nurse recalls the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response through the process of:

A) chemotaxis.
B) endocytosis.
C) degranulation.
D) opsonization.

Answer 1

degranulation.

Question 2

Which statement indicates teaching was successful regarding collectins? Collectins are produced by the:

A) kidneys.
B) bowel.
C) lungs.
D) integument.

Answer 2

lungs.

Question 3

Which factor will help the nurse differentiate leukotrienes from histamine?

A) Site of production
B) Vascular effect
C) Chemotactic ability
D) Time of release

Answer 3

Time of release

Question 4

A child fell off a swing and scraped his right knee.The injured area becomes painful.What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?

A) Vasoconstriction at injured site
B) Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
C) Pale skin at injured site
D) Edema at injured site

Question 5

The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:

A) eosinophil.
B) neutrophil.
C) lymphocyte.
D) macrophage.

Question 6

When an aide asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the nurse respond?

A) To provide specific responses toward antigens.
B) To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms.
C) To prevent infection of the injured tissue.
D) To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury.

Question 7

The complement, clotting, and kinin systems share which of the following characteristics?

A) Activation of a series of proenzymes
B) Phagocytosis initiation
C) Granulocyte production
D) Activated by interferon

Question 8

A public health nurse is teaching the community about health promotion.Which information should the nurse include for innate immunity? Innate immunity is gained:

A) following an illness.
B) at birth.
C) via injection of specific antibodies.
D) in adulthood.

Question 9

A patient has researched bradykinin on the Internet.Which information indicates the patient understands the functions of bradykinin? Bradykinin is involved in:

A) increasing vascular permeability.
B) vasoconstricting blood vessels.
C) stimulating the clotting system.
D) increasing degradation of prostaglandins.

Question 10

Biochemical secretions that trap and kill microorganisms include:

A) hormones.
B) neurotransmitters.
C) earwax.
D) gastric acid.

Question 11

A 20-year-old male received a knife wound to the arm during an altercation.Which of the following types of immunity was compromised?

A) Innate immunity
B) Inflammatory response
C) Adaptive immunity
D) Specific immunity

Question 12

After teaching the staff about the clotting system, which statement indicates the teaching was successful? The end product of the clotting system is:

A) plasmin.
B) fibrin.
C) collagen.
D) factor X.

Question 13

Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection?

A) 18-year-old with diabetes
B) 70-year-old with congestive heart failure
C) 24-year-old who is immunocompromised
D) 30-year-old with pneumonia

Question 14

The directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed:

A) chemotaxis.
B) endocytosis.
C) margination.
D) diapedesis.

Question 15

A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes aspirin for relief.A nurse recalls aspirin relieves the headache by:

A) decreasing leukotriene production.
B) increasing histamine release.
C) decreasing prostaglandin production.
D) increasing platelet-activating factor.

Question 16

Which statement indicates teaching was successful regarding the classical pathway of the complement system? The classical pathway of the complement system is activated by:

A) histamine.
B) antigen-antibody complexes.
C) leukotrienes.
D) prostaglandins.

Question 17

A 25-year-old male is in a car accident and sustains a fracture to his left femur with extensive soft tissue injury.The pain associated with the injury is related to:

A) histamine.
B) prostaglandins.
C) vasoconstriction.
D) immune complex formation.

Question 18

A 20-year-old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles.Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?

A) Eosinophils
B) Neutrophils
C) Leukotrienes
D) Monocytes

Question 19

A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with a bacterial infection.Cultures of the bacteria revealed lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface.Which of the complement pathways would be activated in this case?

A) Classical pathway
B) Lectin pathway
C) Alternative pathway
D) Kinin pathway

Question 20

A 25-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting vaginal discharge of a white, viscous, and foul-smelling substance.She reports that she has been taking antibiotics for the past 6 months.Which finding will the nurse most likely see on the microorganism report?

A) Clostridium difficile overgrowth
B) Decreased Lactobacillus
C) Streptococcus overgrowth
D) Decreased Candida albicans

Question 21

A 65-year-old female is diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer.She has developed muscle wasting.Which of the following substances would be produced in large quantities to eliminate the tumor cells and cause muscle wasting?

A) Interleukin-6
B) Eosinophils
C) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
D) Platelets

Question 22

A 10-year-old male is diagnosed with a parasite.Which lab result should the nurse check for a response to the parasite?

A) Monocytes
B) Eosinophils
C) Neutrophils
D) Macrophages

Question 23

During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as:

A) opsonins.
B) acute phase reactants.
C) antibodies.
D) phagolysosomes.

Question 24

A 3-year-old is making play cakes in a sandbox and is eating the play cakes.The sand was also being used by cats as a litter box and was contaminated with toxoplasmosis.Which of the following would most likely also be present?

A) Granuloma formation
B) Degranulation
C) Blood clots
D) Exudate production

Question 25

An 8-year-old female presents with edema of the cutaneous and mucosal tissue layers.Her mother reports that the condition is recurrent and seems to occur more often during stressful situations.The child is diagnosed with hereditary angioedema.Which of the following is deficient in this child?

A) C1 esterase inhibitor
B) Carboxypeptidase
C) Neutrophils
D) Plasmin

Question 26

The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation.Which would the nurse classify as a local response? (select all that apply)

A) Fever
B) Redness
C) Swelling
D) Heat
E) Pain

Question 27

When phagocytes begin to stick avidly to capillary walls, which process is occurring?

A) Margination
B) Exudation
C) Integration
D) Emigration

Question 28

The nurse is reviewing the lab data of a newly admitted patient.The nurse notes the patient had an erythrocyte sedimentation done, and the results are quite elevated.The nurse would focus the care plan on which of the following conditions?

A) Anemia
B) Infection
C) Inflammation
D) Electrolyte imbalance

Question 29

A 54-year-old male intravenous (IV)drug user is diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C.Testing revealed that he is a candidate for treatment.Which of the following could be used to treat his condition?

A) Interleukin-1
B) Interleukin-6
C) Interleukin-10
D) INFs

Question 30

Physical barriers that offer the body protection from damage and infection are located in the: (select all that apply)

A) gastrointestinal tract.
B) genitourinary tract.
C) respiratory tract.
D) lymph system.
E) hematopoietic system.

Question 31

A nurse is preparing to teach on the subject of opsonins.Which information should the nurse include? Opsonins are molecules that:

A) are composed of fatty acids.
B) regulate inflammation.
C) degranulate mast cells.
D) enhance phagocytosis.

Question 32

A nurse remembers that the primary actions of the complement cascade include: (select all that apply)

A) increased vascular permeability.
B) vasoconstriction.
C) chemotaxis.
D) opsonization.
E) cell killing.
F) increased clotting.

Question 33

Healing by secondary intention would occur in which of the following patients? A patient with a:

A) sutured surgical wound.
B) stage IV pressure ulcer.
C) paper cut.
D) sunburn.

Question 34

The nurse is assessing a patient with a diagnosis of inflammation.The nurse would expect to find which of the following signs and symptoms consistent with acute inflammation? (select all that apply)

A) Heat
B) Erythema
C) Pain
D) Swelling
E) Paleness
F) Loss of function

Question 35

A 30-year-old male was involved in a motor vehicle accident.The glass from the shattered window cut his face and neck.The scar, however, was raised and extended beyond the original boundaries of the wound.This pattern of scarring is caused by impaired:

A) nutritional status.
B) collagen synthesis.
C) epithelialization.
D) contraction.

Question 36

A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung infection).Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of this advanced inflammatory response?

A) Serous
B) Purulent
C) Hemorrhagic
D) Fibrinous

Question 37

The post-surgical patient is experiencing delayed wound healing.The dietitian believes the delay is related to nutritional intake.A deficiency in which of the following substances could directly affect healing?

A) Vitamin D
B) Ascorbic acid
C) Melanin
D) Cholesterol

Question 38

The macrophage secretion that stimulates procollagen synthesis and secretion is:

A) angiogenesis factor.
B) matrix metalloproteinase.
C) vascular endothelial growth factor.
D) transforming growth factor-beta.

Question 39

An infant develops a fever secondary to a bacterial infection.Which of the following most likely triggered the fever?

A) Interleukin-1
B) Interleukin-6
C) Interleukin-10
D) Interferons (IFNs)