Deck 8: Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Question 1

When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs?

A) Autoimmune
B) Anaphylaxis
C) Alloimmune
D) Allergic

Answer 1

Alloimmune

Question 2

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard.He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties.He is suffering from:

A) immunodeficiency.
B) autoimmunity.
C) anaphylaxis.
D) tissue-specific hypersensitivity.

Answer 2

anaphylaxis.

Question 3

A 15-year-old male suffers from severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident.He is given a blood transfusion, but shortly afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis.Which of the following blood type transfusion type matches would cause this?

A) A-A
B) B-O
C) AB-O
D) A-AB

Answer 3

A-AB

Question 4

When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as:

A) a reduced immune response found in most pathologic states.
B) a normal immune response to an infectious agent.
C) an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen.
D) antigenic desensitization.

Question 5

A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death.A complication of endotoxic shock is suspected.Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A) Gram-positive bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Gram-negative bacteria
D) Virus

Question 6

After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses? Viruses:

A) contain no DNA or RNA.
B) are capable of independent reproduction.
C) replicate their genetic material inside host cells.
D) are easily killed by antimicrobials.

Question 7

Which information would indicate more teaching is needed regarding hypersensitivity reactions? Type _______ hypersensitivity reactions involve an antibody response.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 8

In addition to matching ABO antigens, a blood transfusion must also be matched for:

A) HLA type.
B) Rh antigen.
C) immunoglobulins.
D) platelet compatibility.

Question 9

When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient's body.

A) A only
B) B only
C) A and B
D) O

Question 10

A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood.He reports that he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons' cages.Testing reveals he is suffering from allergic alveolitis.Which of the following is he experiencing?

A) Serum sickness
B) Raynaud phenomenon
C) Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
D) Arthus reaction

Question 11

A 5-year-old male becomes ill with a severe cough.Histologic examination reveals a bacterial infection, and further laboratory testing reveals cell membrane damage and decreased protein synthesis.Which of the following is the most likely cause of this illness?

A) Endotoxin
B) Exotoxin
C) Hemolysis
D) Septicemia

Question 12

A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes in urine color.Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney inflammation.Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also likely to be present?

A) Anti-LE antibodies
B) Autoantibodies
C) Antiherpes antibodies
D) Anti-CMV antibodies

Question 13

An immunologist is discussing endotoxin production.Which information should the immunologist include? Endotoxins are produced by:

A) gram-negative bacteria.
B) gram-positive bacteria.
C) gram-negative fungi.
D) gram-positive fungi.

Question 14

When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of:

A) autoimmunity.
B) alloimmunity.
C) homoimmunity.
D) alleimmunity.

Question 15

A person is given an attenuated antigen as a vaccine.When the person asks what was given in the vaccine, how should the nurse respond? The antigen is:

A) alive, but less infectious.
B) mutated, but highly infectious.
C) normal, but not infectious.
D) inactive, but infectious.

Question 16

A patient presents with poison ivy on the extremities, face, and buttocks after an initial exposure 48 hours ago.This condition is an example of:

A) anaphylaxis.
B) serum sickness.
C) delayed hypersensitivity.
D) viral disease.

Question 17

What is the chance that two siblings share both HLA haplotypes, making them a good match for an organ transplant from one to the other?

A) 100%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 25%

Question 18

A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with SLE.Which of the following findings would be considered a symptom of this disease?

A) Gastrointestinal ulcers
B) Decreased glomerular filtration rate
C) Rash on trunk and extremities
D) Photosensitivity

Question 19

When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction, the nurse recognizes the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is:

A) urticaria.
B) hives.
C) anaphylaxis.
D) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).

Question 20

A nurse recalls that an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is:

A) bronchial asthma.
B) contact dermatitis.
C) serum sickness.
D) rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 21

A 22-year-old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accompany this virus?

A) CD4+ T-helper
B) CD8 T-helper
C) CDC cells
D) CDC10 cells

Question 22

Which information indicates a correct understanding of viral vaccines? Most viral vaccines contain:

A) active viruses.
B) attenuated viruses.
C) killed viruses.
D) viral toxins.

Question 23

A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and involuntary rapid muscular contraction.Laboratory testing reveals decreased calcium levels.Which of the following diagnosis is most likely?

A) B-lymphocyte deficiency
B) T-lymphocyte deficiency
C) Combined immunologic deficiency
D) Complement deficiency

Question 24

A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Which symptoms are a result of a type II hypersensitivity?

A) Anemia
B) Seizures
C) Lymphopenia
D) Facial rash
E) Photosensitivity

Question 25

After studying about fungi, which information indicates a correct understanding of fungi? Fungi causing deep or systemic infections:

A) are easily treated with penicillin.
B) are extremely rare.
C) never occur with other infections.
D) are commonly opportunistic.

Question 26

When the immunologist says that pathogens possess virulence, what does virulence mean?

A) Spreads from one individual to others and causes disease.
B) Induces an immune response.
C) Causes disease.
D) Damages tissue.

Question 27

When the immunologist says that pathogens possess infectivity, what is the immunologist explaining? Infectivity allows pathogens to:

A) spread from one individual to others and cause disease.
B) induce an immune response.
C) invade and multiply in the host.
D) damage tissue.

Question 28

A nurse recalls bacteria become resistant to antimicrobials by:

A) proliferation.
B) attenuation.
C) specialization.
D) mutation.

Question 29

The nurse would correctly respond that the etiology of a congenital immune deficiency is due to a(n):

A) negative response to an immunization.
B) adverse response to a medication.
C) renal failure.
D) genetic defect.

Question 30

Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS?

A) HIV only infects B cells.
B) HIV is a retrovirus.
C) Infection does not require a host cell receptor.
D) After infection, cell death is immediate.

Question 31

Which information indicates a good understanding of bacterial vaccines? Most bacterial vaccines contain:

A) fully active bacteria.
B) synthetic bacteria.
C) dead bacteria.
D) bacterial toxins.

Question 32

What common symptom should be assessed in individuals with immunodeficiency?

A) Anemia
B) Recurrent infections
C) Hypersensitivity
D) Autoantibody production

Question 33

A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV.Which of the following treatments would be most effective?

A) Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
B) Protease inhibitors
C) Entrance inhibitors
D) Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

Question 34

An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn.Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in the infant's history and physical?

A) The mother was exposed to measles.
B) The father was exposed to Agent Orange.
C) The baby is Rh positive.
D) The baby was born 6 weeks prematurely.