Deck 14: The Outer Solar System

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Question
What state of matter is the majority of Jupiter's mass in?

A) gas
B) liquid
C) solid
D) a combination of solid and liquid
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Question
What is the largest moon in the Solar System?

A) the Earth's Moon
B) Europa
C) Ganymede
D) Callisto
Question
The graph indicates the temperature of Saturn's atmosphere as a function of distance from the upper cloud layer. Water will condense to form droplets at a temperature of approximately 270 K in the atmosphere of Saturn. At what distance from the upper cloud layer will clouds of water vapour form? <strong>The graph indicates the temperature of Saturn's atmosphere as a function of distance from the upper cloud layer. Water will condense to form droplets at a temperature of approximately 270 K in the atmosphere of Saturn. At what distance from the upper cloud layer will clouds of water vapour form?  </strong> A) −250 km B) −150 km C) 0 km D) 150 km <div style=padding-top: 35px>

A) −250 km
B) −150 km
C) 0 km
D) 150 km
Question
Which of the following does Jupiter lack?

A) a hot interior
B) convection occurring in its atmosphere
C) crustal plates on its surface
D) any rings
Question
Which Jovian planet has the most visible and brilliant ring system?

A) Neptune
B) Saturn
C) Jupiter
D) Uranus
Question
What would happen if a moon fell within Jupiter's Roche limit?

A) It would be captured into orbit.
B) It would collide with Jupiter.
C) It would be ejected from Jupiter's gravitational field.
D) It would crumble into smaller pieces.
Question
Where is belt-zone circulation found?

A) on Uranus and Neptune
B) among the asteroids
C) on Jupiter and Saturn
D) outside the orbit of Neptune
Question
In what way is the rocky material of Jupiter's core different from the rocks found on Earth?

A) It is much cooler because Jupiter is farther from the Sun.
B) It is much hotter and denser because of the extreme pressure at the core of Jupiter.
C) It is not composed of iron and nickel because this material would float on the surface.
D) It is composed entirely of ices that have frozen into a large rock-like structure.
Question
What is the Roche limit?

A) the distance from the Sun within which a planet cannot retain an atmosphere
B) the minimum mass of an object in the solar system that would be classified as a planet
C) the maximum separation distance between the Sun and a given planet
D) the distance from a planet within which a satellite cannot hold itself together
Question
What phenomenon causes Jupiter and Saturn to emit more heat than they absorb from the Sun?

A) heat left over from their formation
B) nuclear fusion of hydrogen to helium in their liquid metallic hydrogen cores
C) radioactive decay in their liquid metallic hydrogen cores
D) heat generated by the impact of meteorites in their atmospheres
Question
What is the term for the region around a planet where the magnetic field is able to deflect the solar wind and other charged particles?

A) aurora
B) magnetosphere
C) hydrosphere
D) corona
Question
The reddish particles in Jupiter's rings are less than 1 percent as reflective as Saturn's whiter particles. Based on this information, what can you conclude about the composition of the ring particles?

A) Saturn's are icy; Jupiter's are rocky.
B) Saturn's are rocky; Jupiter's are icy.
C) Both planets have icy ring particles.
D) Both planets have rocky ring particles.
Question
Which Jovian planet is the largest?

A) Neptune
B) Saturn
C) Jupiter
D) Uranus
Question
Which planets have liquid metallic hydrogen in their interiors?

A) Jupiter and Saturn
B) Saturn and Uranus
C) Uranus and Neptune
D) Jupiter and Neptune
Question
Which of the following is most likely to be found in Jupiter's core?

A) helium
B) solid rock
C) hydrogen
D) loose heavy elements
Question
Which of the following conditions is required for liquid hydrogen to become liquid metallic hydrogen?

A) very high pressure
B) very high temperature
C) very strong magnetic field
D) very strong circulation
Question
Which of the following statements best explains why the surfaces of Callisto and most of Ganymede appear old?

A) They are very bright and heavily cratered.
B) They are dark and heavily cratered.
C) They have old icy regions.
D) They have rocky ring particles.
Question
Which of the following Jovian planet(s) have rings?

A) Saturn.
B) Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus.
C) Jupiter and Saturn.
D) Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus.
Question
Why do Uranus and Neptune appear blue or blue-green?

A) Traces of methane and other hydrocarbons in their atmospheres
B) Their solid airless surfaces are this colour.
C) Their surfaces are covered with liquid water with no atmosphere.
D) Their atmospheres absorb blue light very efficiently.
Question
What makes up most of Jupiter's mass?

A) rock
B) molten iron
C) water
D) hydrogen and helium
Question
Which planet is the most oblate?

A) Jupiter
B) Saturn
C) Neptune
D) Uranus
Question
What is the grooved terrain found on Ganymede is believed to indicate?

A) flow channels for liquid water
B) flow channels for liquid methane
C) the peaks of water waves in a large ocean
D) a system of faults in the crust
Question
Why is it believed that the rings of Saturn could not have formed at the same time as the planet itself formed?

A) Over time, the solar wind should have blown away the particles in the rings.
B) The particles in the rings should eventually fall into the planet, in a time much shorter than the age of the planet.
C) The rings are made of ice particles, which would have been vaporized by the heat released as Saturn formed.
D) The outer planets do not have enough mass to hold onto the rings.
Question
Which of these Galilean satellites is most geologically active?

A) Io
B) Europa
C) Callisto
D) Ganymede
Question
As a moon in a very elliptical orbit moves closer to and then farther away from a planet, gravity flexes the moon with tides, and friction heats the interior. What is this process called?

A) tidal heating
B) occultation
C) vaporization
D) differentiation
Question
What is the primary reason for Io's volcanic activity?

A) magnetic fields
B) internal geysers
C) tidal heating
D) internal heat
Question
How can we be sure that the particles in the rings of Jupiter are very small?

A) The rings are faint in forward scattered light.
B) The rings are bright in forward scattered light.
C) Only small particles are produced in comet impacts with larger moons.
D) The magnetic field of Jupiter would quickly force large particles out of the rings.
Question
Which pair of planets has the greatest difference in density?

A) Uranus and Neptune
B) Jupiter and Saturn
C) Jupiter and Uranus
D) Jupiter and Neptune
Question
What does Saturn's oblate shape tell you about the planet?

A) Its interior must be mostly liquid.
B) It must be orbited by massive moons.
C) It must have formed from a disk of gas.
D) It must have a strong magnetic field.
Question
Pluto's density is 1.8 g/cm3. Iron has a density of about 5 g/cm3. Rock (e.g. basalt) has a density of about 3 g/cm3. Ice and water have densities of 1.0 g/cm3. Which of the following can be deduced from those densities?

A) Pluto has a large iron-nickel core.
B) Pluto is about one-third water and two-thirds rocky material.
C) Pluto is solid rock all the way through.
D) Pluto is composed entirely of water or water ice.
Question
Why does Europa have so few craters?

A) It is protected from impacts by Jupiter's gravity.
B) It does not have a solid surface.
C) It has erased craters nearly as fast as they have formed.
D) Its surface is not strong enough to support craters.
Question
Why do the newly created surface regions on Jupiter's icy satellites appear so bright?

A) Jupiter focuses sunlight on the satellites.
B) The many impact craters are made of reflective metal.
C) Fresh ice is very reflective.
D) The satellites have small, active volcanoes.
Question
How do the particles in Saturn's rings orbit the planet?

A) in the plane of the planet's equator, as a solid disk
B) in the plane of the planet's equator, in individual orbits for each particle
C) in the plane of the planet's equator, outside the Roche limit
D) around the planet's poles, in individual orbits for each particle
Question
Which pair of outer planet moons is most similar in terms of composition?

A) Io and Charon
B) Triton and Callisto
C) Mimas and Enceladus
D) Titan and Ganymede
Question
What causes the geological activity seen on some of the inner moons of Jupiter?

A) Constant collisions with space debris provide a power source for geological activity.
B) The strong magnetic field of Jupiter heats up the surface of the inner moons.
C) Tidal friction caused by Jupiter's gravity heats up the interiors of the moons.
D) Solar radiation reflected off Jupiter's surface provides a power source for the moons' geological activity.
Question
How is the Great Red Spot different from weather patterns on Earth?

A) It is related to its planet's magnetic field.
B) It comes and goes much faster than hurricanes and cyclones on Earth.
C) It is much longer-lasting than weather systems on Earth.
D) It is related to its planet's rotation.
Question
What planet do the Galilean satellites orbit?

A) Jupiter
B) Saturn
C) Uranus
D) Neptune
Question
Which of the following is a feature of Saturn's atmosphere?

A) more distinctive zones and belts than Jupiter's atmosphere
B) free oxygen
C) methane clouds and haze
D) a blue-green colour
Question
Which of the following do Jupiter and Saturn have in common?

A) liquid metallic helium in their interiors
B) large, permanent storms
C) moons with thick atmospheres
D) radiating more energy than they receive from the Sun
Question
How do the old surfaces of icy satellites of Jovian planets differ from the younger regions?

A) Old surfaces are darker in colour and have fewer impact craters.
B) Old surfaces are darker in colour and have more impact craters.
C) Old surfaces are lighter in colour and have fewer impact craters.
D) Old surfaces are lighter in colour and have more impact craters.
Question
What causes some rings of Saturn to be narrow, as seen in space probe photos?

A) gravitational interactions between ring particles
B) a spiral density wave that confines them
C) the magnetic field that holds them in place
D) small shepherd moons that orbit inside and outside the rings
Question
<strong>  In what way is the rotation of Uranus peculiar?</strong> A) It is very slow, nearly zero. B) It is much faster than is typical for Jovian planets. C) The rotation is in the opposite direction to the planet's orbital direction. D) The axis is nearly parallel to the plane of the planet's orbit. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
In what way is the rotation of Uranus peculiar?

A) It is very slow, nearly zero.
B) It is much faster than is typical for Jovian planets.
C) The rotation is in the opposite direction to the planet's orbital direction.
D) The axis is nearly parallel to the plane of the planet's orbit.
Question
<strong>  The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the lowest surface temperature?</strong> A) Ganymede B) Titan C) Triton D) Pluto <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the lowest surface temperature?

A) Ganymede
B) Titan
C) Triton
D) Pluto
Question
<strong>  The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the highest escape velocity?</strong> A) Ganymede B) Titan C) Triton D) Pluto <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the highest escape velocity?

A) Ganymede
B) Titan
C) Triton
D) Pluto
Question
Which of the following objects has methane rain that creates dark drainage channels?

A) Io
B) Titan
C) Mimas
D) Ganymede
Question
<strong>  Why do Uranus and Neptune contain no liquid metallic hydrogen?</strong> A) The pressure is not large enough. B) They contain mostly helium. C) They are too far from the Sun. D) Their magnetic fields are much too weak. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Why do Uranus and Neptune contain no liquid metallic hydrogen?

A) The pressure is not large enough.
B) They contain mostly helium.
C) They are too far from the Sun.
D) Their magnetic fields are much too weak.
Question
What type of geological activity would you expect to find on Neptune's moon Triton?

A) Geysers of liquid nitrogen erupting from the surface.
B) Volcanoes of molten lava, similar to those on Earth.
C) Earthquakes resulting from plate tectonics.
D) Geysers of liquid water erupting from the surface.
Question
  The diagram shows a cross-section of the interior of Uranus. Which region do current computer models suggest is composed primarily of liquid water?<div style=padding-top: 35px>
The diagram shows a cross-section of the interior of Uranus. Which region do current computer models suggest is composed primarily of liquid water?
Question
<strong>  The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the highest surface temperature?</strong> A) Ganymede B) Titan C) Triton D) Pluto <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the highest surface temperature?

A) Ganymede
B) Titan
C) Triton
D) Pluto
Question
In what way are Saturn's F ring and the rings of Uranus similar?

A) They are made of dark material.
B) They are made of icy material.
C) They show well-defined spokes.
D) They are very narrow.
Question
<strong>  Which of these is (are) aligned with the orbital plane of Uranus?</strong> A) Uranus's poles B) the orbital planes of Uranus's major satellites C) the orbital plane of Uranus's rings D) Uranus's equator <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Which of these is (are) aligned with the orbital plane of Uranus?

A) Uranus's poles
B) the orbital planes of Uranus's major satellites
C) the orbital plane of Uranus's rings
D) Uranus's equator
Question
What is Cassini's division in Saturn's rings?

A) a gap produced by gravitational interaction with the moon Mimas
B) a clump of ring particles produced by gravitational interaction with the moon Mimas
C) a separation between rings orbiting in different planes
D) a location in the rings where the particle composition changes due to outgassing
Question
<strong>  The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the lowest escape velocity?</strong> A) Ganymede B) Miranda C) Triton D) Pluto <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the lowest escape velocity?

A) Ganymede
B) Miranda
C) Triton
D) Pluto
Question
Though Titan has a small mass, it is able to retain an atmosphere. Why?

A) because it is very cold
B) because it is very hot
C) because it has an iron surface
D) because it attracts gas from the solar wind
Question
<strong>  The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal. The lines plotted in the figure are the fastest speeds of gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the gases plotted in this diagram could be retained by Triton?</strong> A) only CO<sub>2</sub> B) NH<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> C) CO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, and O<sub>2</sub> D) CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal. The lines plotted in the figure are the fastest speeds of gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the gases plotted in this diagram could be retained by Triton?

A) only CO2
B) NH3 and O2
C) CO2, NH3, and O2
D) CO2 and O2
Question
<strong>  The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal. The lines plotted in the figure are the fastest speeds of gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the gases plotted in this diagram could be retained by Ganymede?</strong> A) only CO<sub>2</sub> B) NH<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> C) CO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, and O<sub>2</sub> D) CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> <div style=padding-top: 35px>
The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal. The lines plotted in the figure are the fastest speeds of gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the gases plotted in this diagram could be retained by Ganymede?

A) only CO2
B) NH3 and O2
C) CO2, NH3, and O2
D) CO2 and O2
Question
What is unusual about Triton's orbit around Neptune?

A) Triton orbits in the same direction as Neptune rotates on its axis.
B) Triton orbits in the opposite direction to the way Neptune rotates on its axis.
C) Triton's rotation axis always points toward Neptune.
D) Triton's rotation is in the opposite direction to its orbital direction.
Question
In which way are the rings of Uranus and Neptune different?

A) Uranus' rings are much wider than Neptune's rings
B) Uranus' rings are much brighter than Neptune's rings
C) Uranus' rings were detected by telescopes on Earth and Neptune's rings were discovered by space probes
D) Uranus' rings are made mostly of water ice and Neptune's rings are made mostly of dust
Question
Which of the following has an atmosphere composed of mostly nitrogen with small amounts of argon and methane?

A) Jupiter
B) Earth's moon
C) Callisto
D) Titan
Question
<strong>  On its icy surface, Uranus's satellite Ariel has smooth valleys with few craters, as well as rough areas with many craters. Based on this, what can be concluded?</strong> A) The valleys are young and the rough areas are old. B) The valleys are old and the rough areas are young. C) Both valleys and rough areas are young. D) Both valleys and rough areas are old. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
On its icy surface, Uranus's satellite Ariel has smooth valleys with few craters, as well as rough areas with many craters. Based on this, what can be concluded?

A) The valleys are young and the rough areas are old.
B) The valleys are old and the rough areas are young.
C) Both valleys and rough areas are young.
D) Both valleys and rough areas are old.
Question
The distance from a planet where a moon is ripped apart by tidal forces is called the ______ ___________________.
Question
Pluto is no longer classified as a planet; instead it is now classified as a(n) ____________ ______________.
Question
The largest satellites of Jupiter are known as the ____________________ satellites.
Question
Which of the following are part of the Kuiper belt?

A) Quaoar, Orcus, and Triton
B) Pluto, Sedna, and Eris
C) Io, Ganymede, and Callisto
D) Ceres, Vesta, and Phobos
Question
Which of the following is a satellite of Pluto?

A) Miranda
B) Charon
C) Eris
D) Nereid
Question
Compared to Jupiter, how much energy per square metre does Neptune get from the Sun?

A) about 1/36 as much
B) about 1/9 as much
C) about 1/2 as much
D) about 3/4 as much
Question
____________ is the moon of Saturn that is most similar in appearance to Jupiter's moon Europa.
Question
The region of Jupiter that is responsible for the magnetic field is composed of _______________ ________________ __________________.
Question
Which of the following is the most massive dwarf planet?

A) Ceres
B) Pluto
C) Eris
D) Makemake
Question
The one object in the solar system besides the Earth that has liquid on its surface is __________________.
Question
____________________ is the smallest of the large moons of Uranus and its surface has features called ovoids. These ovoids may have been formed by the upheaval of material by convection in the interior.
Question
Which of the following are found on Triton?

A) volcanoes
B) lobate scarps
C) a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere
D) a thin nitrogen atmosphere
Question
Why is Ceres not considered a planet?

A) It does not orbit the Sun.
B) It is not spherical.
C) Its orbit is too elliptical.
D) It orbits within the asteroid belt.
Question
The volcanos on Io are believed to be powered by _______ __________.
Question
Which of the following is the largest dwarf planet?

A) Ceres
B) Pluto
C) Eris
D) Makemake
Question
The results of volcanism in the past are apparent on many objects in the solar system. However, volcanic activity is known to be currently occurring only on Earth and on Jupiter's satellite _____________.
Question
The only dwarf planet that does not orbit within the Kuiper belt is ___________.
Question
The planet with the lowest surface temperature is ____________.
Question
The only spacecraft to fly by Uranus and Neptune was called ____________.
Question
The planet with the fastest rotation rate is ____________________.
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Deck 14: The Outer Solar System
1
What state of matter is the majority of Jupiter's mass in?

A) gas
B) liquid
C) solid
D) a combination of solid and liquid
liquid
2
What is the largest moon in the Solar System?

A) the Earth's Moon
B) Europa
C) Ganymede
D) Callisto
Ganymede
3
The graph indicates the temperature of Saturn's atmosphere as a function of distance from the upper cloud layer. Water will condense to form droplets at a temperature of approximately 270 K in the atmosphere of Saturn. At what distance from the upper cloud layer will clouds of water vapour form? <strong>The graph indicates the temperature of Saturn's atmosphere as a function of distance from the upper cloud layer. Water will condense to form droplets at a temperature of approximately 270 K in the atmosphere of Saturn. At what distance from the upper cloud layer will clouds of water vapour form?  </strong> A) −250 km B) −150 km C) 0 km D) 150 km

A) −250 km
B) −150 km
C) 0 km
D) 150 km
−250 km
4
Which of the following does Jupiter lack?

A) a hot interior
B) convection occurring in its atmosphere
C) crustal plates on its surface
D) any rings
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5
Which Jovian planet has the most visible and brilliant ring system?

A) Neptune
B) Saturn
C) Jupiter
D) Uranus
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6
What would happen if a moon fell within Jupiter's Roche limit?

A) It would be captured into orbit.
B) It would collide with Jupiter.
C) It would be ejected from Jupiter's gravitational field.
D) It would crumble into smaller pieces.
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7
Where is belt-zone circulation found?

A) on Uranus and Neptune
B) among the asteroids
C) on Jupiter and Saturn
D) outside the orbit of Neptune
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8
In what way is the rocky material of Jupiter's core different from the rocks found on Earth?

A) It is much cooler because Jupiter is farther from the Sun.
B) It is much hotter and denser because of the extreme pressure at the core of Jupiter.
C) It is not composed of iron and nickel because this material would float on the surface.
D) It is composed entirely of ices that have frozen into a large rock-like structure.
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9
What is the Roche limit?

A) the distance from the Sun within which a planet cannot retain an atmosphere
B) the minimum mass of an object in the solar system that would be classified as a planet
C) the maximum separation distance between the Sun and a given planet
D) the distance from a planet within which a satellite cannot hold itself together
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10
What phenomenon causes Jupiter and Saturn to emit more heat than they absorb from the Sun?

A) heat left over from their formation
B) nuclear fusion of hydrogen to helium in their liquid metallic hydrogen cores
C) radioactive decay in their liquid metallic hydrogen cores
D) heat generated by the impact of meteorites in their atmospheres
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11
What is the term for the region around a planet where the magnetic field is able to deflect the solar wind and other charged particles?

A) aurora
B) magnetosphere
C) hydrosphere
D) corona
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12
The reddish particles in Jupiter's rings are less than 1 percent as reflective as Saturn's whiter particles. Based on this information, what can you conclude about the composition of the ring particles?

A) Saturn's are icy; Jupiter's are rocky.
B) Saturn's are rocky; Jupiter's are icy.
C) Both planets have icy ring particles.
D) Both planets have rocky ring particles.
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13
Which Jovian planet is the largest?

A) Neptune
B) Saturn
C) Jupiter
D) Uranus
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14
Which planets have liquid metallic hydrogen in their interiors?

A) Jupiter and Saturn
B) Saturn and Uranus
C) Uranus and Neptune
D) Jupiter and Neptune
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15
Which of the following is most likely to be found in Jupiter's core?

A) helium
B) solid rock
C) hydrogen
D) loose heavy elements
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16
Which of the following conditions is required for liquid hydrogen to become liquid metallic hydrogen?

A) very high pressure
B) very high temperature
C) very strong magnetic field
D) very strong circulation
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17
Which of the following statements best explains why the surfaces of Callisto and most of Ganymede appear old?

A) They are very bright and heavily cratered.
B) They are dark and heavily cratered.
C) They have old icy regions.
D) They have rocky ring particles.
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18
Which of the following Jovian planet(s) have rings?

A) Saturn.
B) Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus.
C) Jupiter and Saturn.
D) Saturn, Neptune, and Uranus.
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19
Why do Uranus and Neptune appear blue or blue-green?

A) Traces of methane and other hydrocarbons in their atmospheres
B) Their solid airless surfaces are this colour.
C) Their surfaces are covered with liquid water with no atmosphere.
D) Their atmospheres absorb blue light very efficiently.
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20
What makes up most of Jupiter's mass?

A) rock
B) molten iron
C) water
D) hydrogen and helium
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21
Which planet is the most oblate?

A) Jupiter
B) Saturn
C) Neptune
D) Uranus
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22
What is the grooved terrain found on Ganymede is believed to indicate?

A) flow channels for liquid water
B) flow channels for liquid methane
C) the peaks of water waves in a large ocean
D) a system of faults in the crust
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23
Why is it believed that the rings of Saturn could not have formed at the same time as the planet itself formed?

A) Over time, the solar wind should have blown away the particles in the rings.
B) The particles in the rings should eventually fall into the planet, in a time much shorter than the age of the planet.
C) The rings are made of ice particles, which would have been vaporized by the heat released as Saturn formed.
D) The outer planets do not have enough mass to hold onto the rings.
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24
Which of these Galilean satellites is most geologically active?

A) Io
B) Europa
C) Callisto
D) Ganymede
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25
As a moon in a very elliptical orbit moves closer to and then farther away from a planet, gravity flexes the moon with tides, and friction heats the interior. What is this process called?

A) tidal heating
B) occultation
C) vaporization
D) differentiation
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26
What is the primary reason for Io's volcanic activity?

A) magnetic fields
B) internal geysers
C) tidal heating
D) internal heat
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27
How can we be sure that the particles in the rings of Jupiter are very small?

A) The rings are faint in forward scattered light.
B) The rings are bright in forward scattered light.
C) Only small particles are produced in comet impacts with larger moons.
D) The magnetic field of Jupiter would quickly force large particles out of the rings.
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28
Which pair of planets has the greatest difference in density?

A) Uranus and Neptune
B) Jupiter and Saturn
C) Jupiter and Uranus
D) Jupiter and Neptune
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29
What does Saturn's oblate shape tell you about the planet?

A) Its interior must be mostly liquid.
B) It must be orbited by massive moons.
C) It must have formed from a disk of gas.
D) It must have a strong magnetic field.
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30
Pluto's density is 1.8 g/cm3. Iron has a density of about 5 g/cm3. Rock (e.g. basalt) has a density of about 3 g/cm3. Ice and water have densities of 1.0 g/cm3. Which of the following can be deduced from those densities?

A) Pluto has a large iron-nickel core.
B) Pluto is about one-third water and two-thirds rocky material.
C) Pluto is solid rock all the way through.
D) Pluto is composed entirely of water or water ice.
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31
Why does Europa have so few craters?

A) It is protected from impacts by Jupiter's gravity.
B) It does not have a solid surface.
C) It has erased craters nearly as fast as they have formed.
D) Its surface is not strong enough to support craters.
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32
Why do the newly created surface regions on Jupiter's icy satellites appear so bright?

A) Jupiter focuses sunlight on the satellites.
B) The many impact craters are made of reflective metal.
C) Fresh ice is very reflective.
D) The satellites have small, active volcanoes.
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33
How do the particles in Saturn's rings orbit the planet?

A) in the plane of the planet's equator, as a solid disk
B) in the plane of the planet's equator, in individual orbits for each particle
C) in the plane of the planet's equator, outside the Roche limit
D) around the planet's poles, in individual orbits for each particle
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34
Which pair of outer planet moons is most similar in terms of composition?

A) Io and Charon
B) Triton and Callisto
C) Mimas and Enceladus
D) Titan and Ganymede
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35
What causes the geological activity seen on some of the inner moons of Jupiter?

A) Constant collisions with space debris provide a power source for geological activity.
B) The strong magnetic field of Jupiter heats up the surface of the inner moons.
C) Tidal friction caused by Jupiter's gravity heats up the interiors of the moons.
D) Solar radiation reflected off Jupiter's surface provides a power source for the moons' geological activity.
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36
How is the Great Red Spot different from weather patterns on Earth?

A) It is related to its planet's magnetic field.
B) It comes and goes much faster than hurricanes and cyclones on Earth.
C) It is much longer-lasting than weather systems on Earth.
D) It is related to its planet's rotation.
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37
What planet do the Galilean satellites orbit?

A) Jupiter
B) Saturn
C) Uranus
D) Neptune
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38
Which of the following is a feature of Saturn's atmosphere?

A) more distinctive zones and belts than Jupiter's atmosphere
B) free oxygen
C) methane clouds and haze
D) a blue-green colour
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39
Which of the following do Jupiter and Saturn have in common?

A) liquid metallic helium in their interiors
B) large, permanent storms
C) moons with thick atmospheres
D) radiating more energy than they receive from the Sun
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40
How do the old surfaces of icy satellites of Jovian planets differ from the younger regions?

A) Old surfaces are darker in colour and have fewer impact craters.
B) Old surfaces are darker in colour and have more impact craters.
C) Old surfaces are lighter in colour and have fewer impact craters.
D) Old surfaces are lighter in colour and have more impact craters.
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41
What causes some rings of Saturn to be narrow, as seen in space probe photos?

A) gravitational interactions between ring particles
B) a spiral density wave that confines them
C) the magnetic field that holds them in place
D) small shepherd moons that orbit inside and outside the rings
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42
<strong>  In what way is the rotation of Uranus peculiar?</strong> A) It is very slow, nearly zero. B) It is much faster than is typical for Jovian planets. C) The rotation is in the opposite direction to the planet's orbital direction. D) The axis is nearly parallel to the plane of the planet's orbit.
In what way is the rotation of Uranus peculiar?

A) It is very slow, nearly zero.
B) It is much faster than is typical for Jovian planets.
C) The rotation is in the opposite direction to the planet's orbital direction.
D) The axis is nearly parallel to the plane of the planet's orbit.
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43
<strong>  The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the lowest surface temperature?</strong> A) Ganymede B) Titan C) Triton D) Pluto
The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the lowest surface temperature?

A) Ganymede
B) Titan
C) Triton
D) Pluto
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44
<strong>  The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the highest escape velocity?</strong> A) Ganymede B) Titan C) Triton D) Pluto
The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the highest escape velocity?

A) Ganymede
B) Titan
C) Triton
D) Pluto
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45
Which of the following objects has methane rain that creates dark drainage channels?

A) Io
B) Titan
C) Mimas
D) Ganymede
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46
<strong>  Why do Uranus and Neptune contain no liquid metallic hydrogen?</strong> A) The pressure is not large enough. B) They contain mostly helium. C) They are too far from the Sun. D) Their magnetic fields are much too weak.
Why do Uranus and Neptune contain no liquid metallic hydrogen?

A) The pressure is not large enough.
B) They contain mostly helium.
C) They are too far from the Sun.
D) Their magnetic fields are much too weak.
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47
What type of geological activity would you expect to find on Neptune's moon Triton?

A) Geysers of liquid nitrogen erupting from the surface.
B) Volcanoes of molten lava, similar to those on Earth.
C) Earthquakes resulting from plate tectonics.
D) Geysers of liquid water erupting from the surface.
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48
  The diagram shows a cross-section of the interior of Uranus. Which region do current computer models suggest is composed primarily of liquid water?
The diagram shows a cross-section of the interior of Uranus. Which region do current computer models suggest is composed primarily of liquid water?
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49
<strong>  The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the highest surface temperature?</strong> A) Ganymede B) Titan C) Triton D) Pluto
The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the highest surface temperature?

A) Ganymede
B) Titan
C) Triton
D) Pluto
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50
In what way are Saturn's F ring and the rings of Uranus similar?

A) They are made of dark material.
B) They are made of icy material.
C) They show well-defined spokes.
D) They are very narrow.
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51
<strong>  Which of these is (are) aligned with the orbital plane of Uranus?</strong> A) Uranus's poles B) the orbital planes of Uranus's major satellites C) the orbital plane of Uranus's rings D) Uranus's equator
Which of these is (are) aligned with the orbital plane of Uranus?

A) Uranus's poles
B) the orbital planes of Uranus's major satellites
C) the orbital plane of Uranus's rings
D) Uranus's equator
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52
What is Cassini's division in Saturn's rings?

A) a gap produced by gravitational interaction with the moon Mimas
B) a clump of ring particles produced by gravitational interaction with the moon Mimas
C) a separation between rings orbiting in different planes
D) a location in the rings where the particle composition changes due to outgassing
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53
<strong>  The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the lowest escape velocity?</strong> A) Ganymede B) Miranda C) Triton D) Pluto
The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal axis. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the objects in this diagram has the lowest escape velocity?

A) Ganymede
B) Miranda
C) Triton
D) Pluto
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54
Though Titan has a small mass, it is able to retain an atmosphere. Why?

A) because it is very cold
B) because it is very hot
C) because it has an iron surface
D) because it attracts gas from the solar wind
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55
<strong>  The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal. The lines plotted in the figure are the fastest speeds of gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the gases plotted in this diagram could be retained by Triton?</strong> A) only CO<sub>2</sub> B) NH<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> C) CO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, and O<sub>2</sub> D) CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>
The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal. The lines plotted in the figure are the fastest speeds of gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the gases plotted in this diagram could be retained by Triton?

A) only CO2
B) NH3 and O2
C) CO2, NH3, and O2
D) CO2 and O2
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56
<strong>  The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal. The lines plotted in the figure are the fastest speeds of gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the gases plotted in this diagram could be retained by Ganymede?</strong> A) only CO<sub>2</sub> B) NH<sub>3</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> C) CO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, and O<sub>2</sub> D) CO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>
The graph plots the escape velocity of several solar system objects along the vertical axis and the surface temperature along the horizontal. The lines plotted in the figure are the fastest speeds of gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the gases plotted in this diagram could be retained by Ganymede?

A) only CO2
B) NH3 and O2
C) CO2, NH3, and O2
D) CO2 and O2
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57
What is unusual about Triton's orbit around Neptune?

A) Triton orbits in the same direction as Neptune rotates on its axis.
B) Triton orbits in the opposite direction to the way Neptune rotates on its axis.
C) Triton's rotation axis always points toward Neptune.
D) Triton's rotation is in the opposite direction to its orbital direction.
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58
In which way are the rings of Uranus and Neptune different?

A) Uranus' rings are much wider than Neptune's rings
B) Uranus' rings are much brighter than Neptune's rings
C) Uranus' rings were detected by telescopes on Earth and Neptune's rings were discovered by space probes
D) Uranus' rings are made mostly of water ice and Neptune's rings are made mostly of dust
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59
Which of the following has an atmosphere composed of mostly nitrogen with small amounts of argon and methane?

A) Jupiter
B) Earth's moon
C) Callisto
D) Titan
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60
<strong>  On its icy surface, Uranus's satellite Ariel has smooth valleys with few craters, as well as rough areas with many craters. Based on this, what can be concluded?</strong> A) The valleys are young and the rough areas are old. B) The valleys are old and the rough areas are young. C) Both valleys and rough areas are young. D) Both valleys and rough areas are old.
On its icy surface, Uranus's satellite Ariel has smooth valleys with few craters, as well as rough areas with many craters. Based on this, what can be concluded?

A) The valleys are young and the rough areas are old.
B) The valleys are old and the rough areas are young.
C) Both valleys and rough areas are young.
D) Both valleys and rough areas are old.
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61
The distance from a planet where a moon is ripped apart by tidal forces is called the ______ ___________________.
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62
Pluto is no longer classified as a planet; instead it is now classified as a(n) ____________ ______________.
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63
The largest satellites of Jupiter are known as the ____________________ satellites.
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64
Which of the following are part of the Kuiper belt?

A) Quaoar, Orcus, and Triton
B) Pluto, Sedna, and Eris
C) Io, Ganymede, and Callisto
D) Ceres, Vesta, and Phobos
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65
Which of the following is a satellite of Pluto?

A) Miranda
B) Charon
C) Eris
D) Nereid
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66
Compared to Jupiter, how much energy per square metre does Neptune get from the Sun?

A) about 1/36 as much
B) about 1/9 as much
C) about 1/2 as much
D) about 3/4 as much
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67
____________ is the moon of Saturn that is most similar in appearance to Jupiter's moon Europa.
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68
The region of Jupiter that is responsible for the magnetic field is composed of _______________ ________________ __________________.
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69
Which of the following is the most massive dwarf planet?

A) Ceres
B) Pluto
C) Eris
D) Makemake
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70
The one object in the solar system besides the Earth that has liquid on its surface is __________________.
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71
____________________ is the smallest of the large moons of Uranus and its surface has features called ovoids. These ovoids may have been formed by the upheaval of material by convection in the interior.
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72
Which of the following are found on Triton?

A) volcanoes
B) lobate scarps
C) a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere
D) a thin nitrogen atmosphere
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73
Why is Ceres not considered a planet?

A) It does not orbit the Sun.
B) It is not spherical.
C) Its orbit is too elliptical.
D) It orbits within the asteroid belt.
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74
The volcanos on Io are believed to be powered by _______ __________.
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75
Which of the following is the largest dwarf planet?

A) Ceres
B) Pluto
C) Eris
D) Makemake
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76
The results of volcanism in the past are apparent on many objects in the solar system. However, volcanic activity is known to be currently occurring only on Earth and on Jupiter's satellite _____________.
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77
The only dwarf planet that does not orbit within the Kuiper belt is ___________.
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78
The planet with the lowest surface temperature is ____________.
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79
The only spacecraft to fly by Uranus and Neptune was called ____________.
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80
The planet with the fastest rotation rate is ____________________.
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