Deck 15: The Basic Unit of Life-The Cell

Question 1

Fats and oils are

A)proteins.
B)carbohydrates.
C)lipids.
D)nucleic acids.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The sodium-potassium pump provides an example of

A)diffusion.
B)facilitated diffusion.
C)active transport.
D)endocytosis.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Nucleic acids

A)act as hormones that allow cells to communicate with one another.
B)consist of folded strings of amino acids.
C)store energy in living organisms.
D)store genetic information in living organisms.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

When a message molecule binds to a receptor,

A)the message molecule enters the target cell.
B)the cell begins to grow and divide.
C)the target cell passes the message molecule to another target cell.
D)a series of chemical reactions is initiated.

Question 5

The organelles that function as a cell's "garbage disposals," breaking down organic materials, are

A)mitochondria.
B)ribosomes.
C)Golgi apparatuses.
D)lysosomes.

Question 6

Phospholipids

A)are entirely hydrophobic.
B)are entirely hydrophilic.
C)are either hydrophobic or hydrophilic depending on where in a cell membrane they are found.
D)have a hydrophobic portion as well as a hydrophilic portion.

Question 7

The carbohydrates found in the cell membrane function in

A)controlling transport in and out of cells.
B)cell recognition, the ability to distinguish one type of cell from another.
C)controlling the chemical reactions that occur in cells.
D)none of the above

Question 8

Gap junctions

A)are slender threads of cytoplasm that link adjacent plant cells.
B)require a lock-and-key fit between a receptor and a message molecule.
C)are found in both animal cells and plant cells.
D)are tiny channels between adjacent animal cells.

Question 9

Cellulose, the macromolecule found in plant cell walls, is a

A)protein.
B)carbohydrate.
C)lipid.
D)nucleic acid.

Question 10

A prokaryotic cell could potentially have

A)linear chromosomes.
B)a nucleus.
C)a cell wall.
D)mitochondria.

Question 11

One difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that

A)prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells do not.
B)prokaryotic cells have existed on Earth far longer than eukaryotic cells.
C)the DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in linear chromosomes, whereas the DNA of eukaryotic cells is found in a single circular chromosome.
D)eukaryotic cells are generally smaller than prokaryotic cells.

Question 12

In plant cells, the organelles where photosynthesis takes place are

A)mitochondria.
B)ribosomes.
C)chloroplasts.
D)lysosomes.

Question 13

In the process of osmosis,

A)water diffuses from an area with a high concentration of water molecules to an area with a low concentration of water molecules.
B)water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.
C)water moves into cells.
D)both A and B

Question 14

The gases oxygen and carbon dioxide move in and out of cells through

A)diffusion.
B)facilitated diffusion.
C)active transport.
D)endocytosis.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a characteristic of living things?

A)Living things convert energy from one form to another.
B)Living things develop and grow.
C)Living things allow their internal environments to match conditions in the external environment.
D)Living things are part of populations that evolve.

Question 16

If you wanted to study the various shapes of different kinds of bacteria, you could use

A)the unaided eye.
B)a light microscope or the unaided eye.
C)a light microscope or an electron microscope.
D)an electron microscope, but not a light microscope.

Question 17

What form of transport across the cell membrane does not require energy from the cell, but does require a transport protein?

A)diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)active transport
D)endocytosis

Question 18

All of the following are eukaryotes except

A)Escherichia coli, an occupant of the human digestive tract.
B)baker's yeast.
C)humans.
D)maple trees.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a component of the cell membrane?

A)phospholipids
B)proteins
C)carbohydrates
D)RNA

Question 20

The organelles that build proteins in cells are called

A)mitochondria.
B)ribosomes.
C)Golgi apparatuses.
D)lysosomes.

Question 21

During glycolysis,

A)electrons are sent down an electron transport chain.
B)sugar is split, and ATP is generated.
C)oxygen is required.
D)water is generated.

Question 22

What does it mean that living things are part of populations that evolve? Provide an example of evolution.

Question 23

Why do cells need catalysts for many of the chemical reactions they run? What types of molecules function as catalysts in cells?

Question 24

In the chemical equation for the process of photosynthesis, the reactants are

A)carbon dioxide and oxygen.
B)carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.
C)glucose.
D)glucose and oxygen.

Question 25

During which stage of the cell cycle does a cell grow to approximately double its original size?

A)gap 1
B)gap 2
C)synthesis
D)mitosis

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis are a cell's chromosomes lined up at the equatorial plane?

A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase

Question 27

New nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes during

A)prophase.
B)metaphase.
C)anaphase.
D)telophase.

Question 28

The reactants of a reaction bind to an enzyme's ________, as does a ________ of the enzyme.

A)active site; competitive inhibitor
B)substrate; competitive inhibitor
C)active site; noncompetitive inhibitor
D)substrate; noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 29

Cells obtain energy from ATP

A)when ADP is converted to ATP.
B)during cellular respiration.
C)when the sodium-potassium pump moves potassium ions into cells.
D)when one of ATP's phosphate groups is removed, leaving ADP.

Question 30

Explain the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

Question 31

Enzymes are

A)catalysts.
B)proteins.
C)substrates.
D)both A and B

Question 32

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis,

A)glucose is released.
B)oxygen is released.
C)glucose and oxygen are released.
D)carbon dioxide is used to make glucose.

Question 33

How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells?

Question 34

During which stage of the cell cycle does a cell divide?

A)gap 1
B)gap 2
C)synthesis
D)mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 35

What is photosynthesis? What are the reactants and what are the products in the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis?

Question 36

During alcoholic fermentation,

A)oxygen is used.
B)carbon dioxide is released.
C)water is released.
D)lactic acid is produced.

Question 37

During which of the following processes is most ATP generated?

A)glycolysis
B)Krebs cycle
C)electron transport
D)fermentation