Deck 18: Diversity of Life on Earth

Question 1

If lungfishes and salamanders are more closely related to each other than either is to salmon, then an evolutionary classification should classify

A)lungfishes and salamanders together to the exclusion of salmon.
B)lungfishes and salmon together to the exclusion of salamanders.
C)salamanders and salmon together to the exclusion of lungfishes.
D)All of the above would work as evolutionary classifications.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The plant tissue responsible for transporting the sugars produced during photosynthesis is the

A)leaf.
B)xylem.
C)phloem.
D)stomata.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In a flower, the sticky structure that helps to trap pollen is known as the

A)stamen.
B)anther.
C)ovary.
D)stigma.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In seed plants, what stage in the alternation of generations is largest?

A)diploid gametophyte
B)haploid gametophyte
C)diploid sporophyte
D)haploid sporophyte

Question 5

Which of the following protists do scientists believe gave rise to animals?

A)amoebas
B)sponges
C)choanoflagellates
D)ciliates

Question 6

All bacteria

A)are heterotrophs.
B)are harmful to humans.
C)reproduce sexually.
D)are prokaryotes.

Question 7

The three domains of life are

A)bacteria, archaea, and protists.
B)bacteria, archaea, and eukarya.
C)plants, animals, and fungi.
D)plants, animals, and protists.

Question 8

The plant tissue responsible for conducting water and nutrients up from the roots is the

A)leaf.
B)xylem.
C)phloem.
D)stomata.

Question 9

________ anchor plants to the ground and ________ are the site of the bulk of photosynthesis.

A)Roots; leaves
B)Shoots; leaves
C)Stems; leaves
D)Roots; stomata

Question 10

Under an evolutionary classification system, species are grouped together based on

A)shared similarities.
B)how closely related they are to one another.
C)their position in a hierarchy from "simple" to "complex."
D)none of the above

Question 11

Which of the following lists of Linnaean levels of classification is correctly ordered from larger to smaller?

A)kingdom, phylum, domain, genus
B)phylum, class, order, species, genus
C)kingdom, class, family, genus
D)phylum, order, class, species

Question 12

An example of an autotrophic protist is

A)kelp.
B)mosses.
C)amoebas.
D)choanoflagellates.

Question 13

Swimming sperm characterize

A)mosses only.
B)seed plants only.
C)mosses and ferns.
D)mosses, ferns, and seed plants.

Question 14

Archaea may be any of the following except

A)prokaryotes.
B)chemoautotrophs.
C)extremophiles.
D)eukaryotes.

Question 15

In ferns, what stage in the alternation of generations is largest?

A)diploid gametophyte
B)haploid gametophyte
C)diploid sporophyte
D)haploid sporophyte

Question 16

Bacteria

A)sometimes gather in multicellular clusters.
B)cause diseases such as Lyme disease, tuberculosis, and malaria.
C)play an important role in decomposition.
D)both A and C

Question 17

In seed plants, an immature male gametophyte is also known as a

A)pollen grain.
B)seed.
C)sperm.
D)cone.

Question 18

You might expect a flower pollinated by a hummingbird to

A)open only at night.
B)give off a fragrant smell.
C)be red in color.
D)be white in color.

Question 19

In mosses, which stage in the alternation of generations is largest?

A)diploid gametophyte
B)haploid gametophyte
C)diploid sporophyte
D)haploid sporophyte

Question 20

The scientific name of a species

A)consists of a genus name and a species name.
B)consists of a family name and a species name.
C)is always Latinized.
D)both A and C

Question 21

Corals are

A)plants.
B)fungi.
C)cnidarians.
D)sponges.

Question 22

A swim bladder is found in

A)sharks.
B)ray-finned fishes.
C)whales.
D)penguins.

Question 23

Ocean acidification

A)threatens animals that build calcium carbonate shells.
B)results from unusually warm seawater temperatures.
C)is a particular issue for cartilaginous fishes such as sharks.
D)is the primary cause of coral bleaching.

Question 24

What is the purpose of fruit? Why are many fruits edible? Are all fruits edible?

Question 25

What is the alternation of generations in plants? Include a description of the gametophyte and the sporophyte in your answer.

Question 26

Fungi

A)include both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
B)include both autotrophs and heterotrophs.
C)always reproduce asexually using spores.
D)cause tuberculosis and Lyme disease in humans.

Question 27

Global warming threatens coral reefs because

A)warm temperatures prevent corals from hunting for food.
B)the bacteria that cause coral bleaching thrive when temperatures are warm.
C)corals eject the dinoflagellates that live within their tissues when seawater temperatures are too high.
D)warm temperatures cause the shells of corals to dissolve.

Question 28

Why are there no giant insects?

Question 29

What are some of the advantages of evolutionary classification over Linnean classification?

Question 30

What is pollen? What advantage does a plant with pollen have over plants without pollen?

Question 31

The only known infectious agents that lack genetic material are

A)certain viruses.
B)viroids.
C)prions.
D)none of the above

Question 32

What are some basic characteristics of animals?

Question 33

The movement of water up the xylem of a plant

A)occurs as a result of the movement of sugars in the phloem.
B)occurs due to active transport.
C)requires cohesion but not adhesion.
D)requires no energy input from the plant.

Question 34

Which statement regarding mammals is false?

A)Some mammals lay eggs.
B)All mammals have nipples.
C)All mammals feed their young milk.
D)Marsupial mammals are born at an earlier developmental stage than placental mammals.

Question 35

________ are endotherms, and ________ are ectotherms.

A)Mammals; birds
B)Birds; mammals
C)Birds; lizards
D)Lizards; mammals

Question 36

Viruses are responsible for all the following diseases except

A)AIDS.
B)the common cold.
C)influenza (the flu).
D)malaria.

Question 37

Animals that have only a single body opening that serves as both mouth and anus include

A)cnidarians only.
B)cnidarians and flatworms.
C)cnidarians, flatworms, and roundworms.
D)cnidarians and sponges.

Question 38

The attachment of a water molecule to other water molecules within the xylem of a plant is called ________ and occurs due to ________.

A)cohesion; tension
B)adhesion; transpiration
C)cohesion; hydrogen bonds
D)adhesion; diffusion

Question 39

Which statement about bird flight is true?

A)Birds must be within a thermal in order to fly.
B)Small birds such as sparrows spend most of their time soaring.
C)Bird wings are airfoils that cause air to flow faster under the wing than over the wing.
D)In order for birds to stay in the air, lift must balance gravity.

Question 40

Of the following organisms, which is most closely related to an octopus?

A)mosquito
B)clam
C)earthworm
D)human

Question 41

What is the difference between an endotherm and an ectotherm?