Deck 30: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Question 1

A patient is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing a urinary obstruction.Which symptoms would be most likely experienced?

A) Anuria
B) Hematuria
C) Pyuria
D) Flank pain

Answer 1

Flank pain

Question 2

The most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis is:

A) cystitis.
B) renal cancer.
C) urinary tract obstruction.
D) nephrotic syndrome.

Answer 2

urinary tract obstruction.

Question 3

A 45-year-old presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia and is diagnosed with chronic renal failure.What is the cause of this patient's anemia?

A) Red blood cells being lost in the urine
B) Inadequate production of erythropoietin
C) Inadequate iron absorption in the gut
D) Red blood cells being injured as they pass through the glomerulus

Answer 3

Inadequate production of erythropoietin

Question 4

What is the most common type of renal stone composed of?

A) Struvite
B) Cystine
C) Calcium
D) Uric acid

Question 5

A 75-year-old reports loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing.These symptoms support which diagnosis?

A) Urge incontinence
B) Stress incontinence
C) Overflow incontinence
D) Functional incontinence

Question 6

Which is the most beneficial medication treatment for a patient experiencing detrusor sphincter dyssynergia?

A) Alpha-blocker
B) Beta-blocker
C) Vasodilator
D) Diuretic

Question 7

A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephritic syndrome.Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease?

A) Hematuria
B) Dysuria
C) Oliguria
D) Proteinuria

Question 8

A 55-year-old presents reporting urinary retention.Tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction.Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse?

A) Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis
B) Formation of renal calculi
C) Glomerulonephritis
D) Increased bladder compliance

Question 9

While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers the most important factor in renal calculus formation is:

A) urine pH.
B) body temperature.
C) gender.
D) serum mineral concentrations.

Question 10

A 42-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident that has resulted in prerenal failure.What is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?

A) Kidney stones
B) Immune complex deposition in the glomerulus
C) Inadequate renal blood flow
D) Obstruction of the proximal tubule

Question 11

An older male presents with flank pain and polyuria.Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate.Which type of renal failure is this patient at risk for?

A) Prerenal
B) Intrarenal
C) Extrarenal
D) Postrenal

Question 12

A patient is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction.While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:

A) decreased renal blood flow.
B) decreased peritubular capillary pressure.
C) dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage.
D) stimulation of antidiuretic hormone.

Question 13

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by:

A) swelling of mesangial cells in the Bowman space in response to the presence of bacteria.
B) immune complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage.
C) inflammatory factors that stimulate cellular proliferation of epithelial cells.
D) accumulation of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies.

Question 14

A 35-year-old who was severely burned is now demonstrating symptomology associated with acute tubular necrosis (ATN).Which form of renal failure is this patient experiencing?

A) Prerenal
B) Intrarenal
C) Extrarenal
D) Postrenal

Question 15

A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection.When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract?

A) Streptococcus
B) Candida albicans
C) Chlamydia
D) Escherichia coli

Question 16

A patient has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney.Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur?

A) Atrophy of the remaining kidney
B) Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney
C) Dysplasia in the remaining kidney
D) Renal failure

Question 17

A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3-5 grams per day, with albumin being the major protein.The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:

A) cystitis.
B) chronic pyelonephritis.
C) acute glomerulonephritis.
D) renal calculi.

Question 18

When a patient's CT scan reveals a lesion above the pontine micturition center, which condition would the nurse expect?

A) Dyssynergia
B) Detrusor hyperreflexia
C) Detrusor areflexia
D) Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia

Question 19

When considering pyelonephritis, where is the site of the infection?

A) Bladder
B) Renal pelvis
C) Renal tubules
D) Glomerulus

Question 20

A 29-year-old female presents with cloudy urine, flank pain, and hematuria.These signs and symptoms support which diagnosis?

A) Acute cystitis
B) Renal calculi
C) Chronic renal failure
D) Postrenal renal failure

Question 21

When a 42-year-old is diagnosed with chronic renal failure, which dietary restriction will the nurse discuss with the patient?

A) Fats
B) Complex carbohydrates
C) Proteins
D) Sugars

Question 22

Bone fractures are a risk factor in chronic renal failure because:

A) calcium is lost in the urine.
B) osteoblast activity is excessive.
C) the kidneys fail to activate vitamin D.
D) autoantibodies to calcium molecules develop.

Question 23

Mechanisms for defense against urinary pathogens in men include: (select all that apply)

A) the long length of the urethra.
B) the alkaline pH of urine.
C) the secretion of mucus that traps bacteria.
D) the antimicrobial secretions from the prostate.
E) the implantation of the ureters in the bladder.