Deck 20: Human Biology Iicare and Maintenance

Question 1

A highly acidic mix of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes is added to food in the

A)mouth.
B)stomach.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following reduces the risk of heart disease and colon cancer, maintains joints and tendons, and reduces depression, stress, and anxiety?

A)insulin resistance
B)desk jobs, television, and the internet
C)exercise
D)metabolic syndrome

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Carbon dioxide moves from the bloodstream to the alveoli through the process of

A)active transport.
B)endocytosis.
C)diffusion.
D)exocytosis.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is involved in moving air in and out of the lungs?

A)the diaphragm
B)muscles between the ribs
C)the epiglottis
D)both A and B

Question 5

In which of the following environments do hemoglobin molecules show decreased oxygen affinity?

A)the more acidic environment of an active tissue
B)the more basic environment of an active tissue
C)the more acidic environment of a resting tissue
D)the more basic environment of a resting tissue

Question 6

The ________ helps prevent choking, and the ________ contains the structures that produce speech.

A)glottis; larynx
B)epiglottis; windpipe
C)esophagus; trachea
D)epiglottis; larynx

Question 7

Each molecule of hemoglobin can carry up to ________ oxygen molecules.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 8

The circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems work together to

A)bring oxygen into the body.
B)protect the body from disease.
C)transport oxygen to body tissues.
D)get rid of cellular wastes.

Question 9

Blood flowing back to the heart travels in

A)veins.
B)arteries.
C)capillaries.
D)all of the above

Question 10

Aside from getting enough calories, we also need to obtain ________ through our diet.

A)a complete carbohydrate
B)minerals
C)vitamins
D)both B and C

Question 11

Oxygenated blood is found in the

A)right ventricle and right atrium.
B)left ventricle and left atrium.
C)right atrium and pulmonary veins.
D)left atrium and pulmonary arteries.

Question 12

Which of the following are the oxygen-carrying proteins found in blood?

A)red blood cells
B)white blood cells
C)platelets
D)hemoglobin

Question 13

Each heartbeat begins in the

A)sinoatrial node.
B)atrioventricular node.
C)right ventricle.
D)left atrium.

Question 14

Blood in the left ventricle of the heart will be pumped to

A)the right atrium.
B)arteries going to the lungs.
C)arteries going to body tissues.
D)the left atrium.

Question 15

The cells involved in blood clotting are

A)red blood cells.
B)white blood cells.
C)platelets.
D)hemoglobin.

Question 16

Blood in the right atrium of the heart will be pumped to

A)the right ventricle.
B)arteries going to the lungs.
C)arteries going to body tissues.
D)the left ventricle.

Question 17

Which of the following breaks fats into tiny droplets that are more easily reached by enzymes?

A)saliva
B)gastric juice
C)bile
D)all of the above

Question 18

The blood cells involved in defending the body from pathogens are

A)red blood cells.
B)white blood cells.
C)platelets.
D)fibrin.

Question 19

From which blood vessels are materials exchanged between blood and body tissues?

A)arteries
B)arterioles
C)capillaries
D)veins

Question 20

All the following make enzymes or other substances important to digestion except the

A)pancreas.
B)small intestine.
C)gall bladder.
D)liver.

Question 21

The cells that allow the immune system to respond more quickly to an antigen when it is encountered again later in life are called

A)innate immune cells.
B)helper T cells.
C)memory cells.
D)killer T cells.

Question 22

During the inflammatory response,

A)damaged tissues release histamines.
B)fluid leaks from capillaries, causing swelling.
C)acquired immune cells squeeze out of capillaries and migrate to the site of injury.
D)both A and B

Question 23

Describe the inflammatory response, including in your explanation why we often see pus at the site of an infection.

Question 24

The acquired immune cells that target pathogens in bodily fluids are

A)B cells.
B)T cells.
C)antibodies.
D)antigens.

Question 25

Which of the following occurs in the proximal tubule?

A)Blood pressure pushes fluid out of the capillaries.
B)Glucose is transported from the blood into the filtrate.
C)Certain amino acids are transported from the filtrate to the blood.
D)Water reabsorption occurs.

Question 26

Why is it adaptive for hemoglobin to have decreased oxygen affinity at low pH?

Question 27

Urine flows from the bladder out of the body through the

A)ureter.
B)renal pelvis.
C)urethra.
D)collecting duct.

Question 28

A low-carb diet

A)tends to be high in saturated fats and cholesterol.
B)usually includes a lot of whole grains and fruit.
C)causes people to retain more water.
D)does not help people lose weight.

Question 29

Why do long periods of sitting or standing cause our legs and ankles to swell?

Question 30

The acquired immune cells that target pathogens in infected cells are

A)B cells.
B)T cells.
C)antibodies.
D)antigens.

Question 31

During the process of excretion, ________ moves from capillaries into ________.

A)blood; the loop of Henle
B)blood; the distal tubule
C)the filtrate; Bowman's capsule
D)the filtrate; the proximal tubule

Question 32

Which of the following occurs in the loop of Henle?

A)Blood pressure pushes fluid out of the capillaries.
B)Wastes are transported from the blood into the filtrate.
C)Molecules the body wants to keep are transported into the blood.
D)Water reabsorption occurs.

Question 33

All the following are associated with the innate immune system except

A)sweat.
B)skin.
C)T cells.
D)the inflammatory response.

Question 34

A difference between the innate immune system and the acquired immune system is

A)the innate immune system includes many more different types of receptors than the acquired immune system.
B)the innate immune response is immediate, whereas the acquired immune response is delayed, peaking about 3 to 5 days after exposure.
C)the innate immune system retains a memory for past exposure, with subsequent responses being faster and more aggressive; the acquired immune system does not.
D)each acquired immune system cell responds to a greater number of different pathogens than each innate immune system cell.

Question 35

Antibodies

A)are molecules or parts of molecules belonging to foreign pathogens.
B)bind to a wide variety of different antigens.
C)are Y-shaped proteins with two pathogen-binding sites.
D)are made by innate immune cells.

Question 36

Describe how muscle contractions move air into the lungs.

Question 37

In an autoimmune disease,

A)immune cells are attacked by pathogens.
B)the body makes too few immune cells.
C)immune cells attack the body's own cells.
D)memory cells are made.