Deck 21: Ecology

Question 1

When population growth slows as a population reaches the habitat's carrying capacity, the population has grown ________. This type of growth is typically seen in ________.

A)exponentially; stable habitats
B)logistically; unstable habitats
C)logistically; stable habitats
D)exponentially; unstable habitats

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Humans are characterized by

A)Type I survivorship.
B)Type II survivorship.
C)Type III survivorship.
D)none of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Type I populations are typically associated with

A)exponential growth.
B)short life expectancy.
C)the production of many "inexpensive" offspring.
D)large bodies.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Bacteria that photosynthesize are

A)producers.
B)primary consumers.
C)secondary consumers.
D)decomposers.

Question 5

Lions are

A)producers.
B)primary consumers.
C)secondary consumers.
D)decomposers.

Question 6

All the organisms that live in a specific area and all the abiotic features of their environment make up a(n)

A)population.
B)community.
C)ecosystem.
D)food web.

Question 7

A group of individuals of a single species that lives in a specific area make up a(n)

A)population.
B)community.
C)ecosystem.
D)food web.

Question 8

The global human population

A)consumes fewer resources in a year than Earth can provide.
B)has decreased its resource consumption in the last decade.
C)would consume fewer total resources if everyone in the world consumed as many resources as the average American.
D)needs 1.5 Earths to sustain its current rate of consumption.

Question 9

Species in which death rates are high early in life, with few individuals surviving until late in life, are characterized by

A)Type I survivorship.
B)Type II survivorship.
C)Type III survivorship.
D)none of the above

Question 10

Fungi that consume dead organic matter are

A)producers.
B)primary consumers.
C)secondary consumers.
D)decomposers.

Question 11

A dense canopy of trees, little leaf litter, and poor soil characterize

A)tropical forests.
B)temperate forests.
C)coniferous forests.
D)chaparral.

Question 12

Plant-eating antelopes are

A)producers.
B)primary consumers.
C)secondary consumers.
D)decomposers.

Question 13

When a population has unlimited resources, it grows ________. When a population grows at a fixed rate per amount of time, it grows ________.

A)exponentially; logistically
B)logistically; logistically
C)logistically; exponentially
D)exponentially; exponentially

Question 14

Trees that keep their leaves through the winter and a ground covered with shed needlelike leaves characterize

A)tropical forests.
B)temperate forests.
C)coniferous forests.
D)chaparral.

Question 15

Species with a steady death rate throughout life are characterized by

A)Type I survivorship.
B)Type II survivorship.
C)Type III survivorship.
D)none of the above

Question 16

The relationship between a flea and the animal it feeds off of is an example of

A)parasitism.
B)commensalism.
C)symbiosis.
D)both A and C

Question 17

When a cleaner shrimp cleans the mouth of an eel, we see an example of

A)parasitism.
B)commensalism.
C)predation.
D)mutualism.

Question 18

A species' niche within a community describes

A)its position in a food chain or food web.
B)the species it competes with in the community.
C)the total set of biotic and abiotic resources it uses within the community.
D)how it evolved in response to interspecific competition.

Question 19

A form of symbiosis that benefits one species of the interaction while having no effect on the other species is known as

A)parasitism.
B)commensalism.
C)predation.
D)mutualism.

Question 20

The global human population is expected to

A)grow faster and faster over the next century.
B)crash in the next century.
C)exceed 10 billion by 2100.
D)begin to decrease by 2100.

Question 21

What is symbiosis? Define the three types of symbiosis and provide an example of each.

Question 22

On average, what percent of the energy at one level of the food chain becomes available at the next level of the food chain?

A)1%
B)10%
C)50%
D)90%

Question 23

Permanently frozen subsoil characterizes

A)coniferous forests.
B)tundra.
C)temperate grasslands.
D)chaparral.

Question 24

Burrowing clams and worms are found in the

A)photic zone.
B)aphotic zone.
C)benthic zone.
D)pelagic zone.

Question 25

Biodiversity is believed to be greatest when a habitat experiences

A)regular disturbances that are not too extreme.
B)no disturbances.
C)occasional large disturbances.
D)either A or B

Question 26

Why are many Type III species found in relatively unstable environments, whereas many Type I species occupy fairly stable environments?

Question 27

During cellular respiration,

A)some of the energy in a glucose molecule is lost to the environment as heat, and some is converted to energy in ATP.
B)all the energy in a glucose molecule is converted to energy in ATP.
C)all the energy in a glucose molecule is lost to the environment as heat.
D)the biomass of the organism increases.

Question 28

A diagram of the flow of energy through an ecosystem resembles a pyramid. This explains why

A)some ecosystems have a higher primary productivity than others.
B)animals need energy for maintenance.
C)there is more grass than zebras, and more zebras than lions, on the African savanna.
D)not every organism at one level of the food chain is eaten by an organism at the next level of the food chain.

Question 29

Fertile soils are found in

A)tropical forests and temperate grasslands.
B)temperate grasslands and coniferous forests.
C)deserts and tropical forests.
D)deserts and temperate grasslands.

Question 30

During ecological succession,

A)the activities of earlier waves of colonizers cause nutrients and organic matter to accumulate in a habitat, allowing later colonizers to thrive.
B)biodiversity typically increases over time.
C)all the species that have lived in the habitat remain in the climax community.
D)both A and B

Question 31

Carbon moves from the abiotic world to the biotic world when

A)plants make glucose during photosynthesis.
B)an animal consumes a plant.
C)humans burn fossil fuels.
D)bacteria convert it to ammonium.

Question 32

What is a Type I species? A Type III species? Provide an example of each.

Question 33

Oceanic phytoplankton are found in the

A)photic zone.
B)aphotic zone.
C)benthic zone.
D)intertidal zone.

Question 34

Why does only a small fraction of the energy at one level of the food chain become available to the next level of the food chain?

Question 35

What is the difference between a community and an ecosystem?

Question 36

Mollusks and crustaceans are most likely to live in the ________ zone of a lake.

A)littoral
B)limnetic
C)profundal
D)neritic