Deck 38: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Hydroxyapatite found in bone matrix contains a combination of which molecules in its crystalline structure?

A) Calcium and magnesium
B) Calcium and phosphate
C) Phosphate and magnesium
D) Magnesium and hydrogen

Answer 1

Calcium and phosphate

Question 2

Which layer forms the fascicles in skeletal muscle?

A) Tendon sheath
B) Endomysium
C) Epimysium
D) Perimysium

Answer 2

Perimysium

Question 3

A nurse recalls fibrous joints generally are:

A) rotating.
B) slightly movable.
C) freely movable.
D) calcified.

Answer 3

slightly movable.

Question 4

The skeletal muscles are encased in a connective tissue framework made of:

A) bone.
B) epithelium.
C) fascia.
D) cartilage.

Question 5

Which of the following should the nurse include when discussing the different types of cartilaginous joints?

A) Sutures and gomphosis
B) Syndesmosis and gomphosis
C) Symphysis and synchondrosis
D) Gomphosis and synchondrosis

Question 6

Which characteristic of a postural muscle is a result of having substantial amounts of type I muscle fibers?

A) Resists fatigue
B) Rapid response time
C) Little contractibility
D) Lacks a fascia lining

Question 7

The structure of the contractile subunit of the myofibril is called the:

A) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B) actin.
C) motor end plate.
D) sarcomere.

Question 8

Which component of the bone matrix gives bone its tensile strength?

A) Calcium
B) Phosphate
C) Collagen
D) Magnesium

Question 9

During which stage of muscle contraction does actin bind to myosin?

A) Coupling
B) Relaxation
C) Discharging
D) Excitation

Question 10

What is the major difference between compact and spongy bone?

A) Organization of the structural elements
B) Location within the body
C) Activating chemicals in each
D) Types of minerals in the bone matrix

Question 11

Once their initial function is complete, what do osteoblasts become?

A) Osteoclasts
B) Osteocytes
C) Chondroblasts
D) Osteoids

Question 12

What type of joint normally exists between the teeth and the maxilla or mandible?

A) Symphysis
B) Diarthrosis
C) Gomphosis
D) Syndesmosis

Question 13

Which molecule prevents a muscle contraction from occurring when the muscle is at rest?

A) Calcium
B) Troponin-tropomyosin
C) Actin
D) Myosin

Question 14

A nurse recalls the freely moveable joint is an example of which type of joint?

A) Amphiarthrosis
B) Diarthrosis
C) Synarthrosis
D) Symphysis

Question 15

Which ions directly control the contraction of muscles?

A) Sodium
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium

Question 16

Clusters of which type of bone cells are responsible for bone remodeling?

A) Trabeculae
B) Osteoclastic cutting cones
C) Basic multicellular units
D) Haversian system cells

Question 17

When describing a freely movable joint, which term should be used?

A) Synarthrosis
B) Amphiarthrosis
C) Fibrous
D) Diarthrosis

Question 18

Between which structures will you find a joint that contains synchondrosis costal cartilage?

A) Vertebrae
B) Ribs and sternum
C) Sutures of the skull
D) Facial bones

Question 19

How do blood vessels penetrate into the inner structures of the bone?

A) Volkmann canals
B) Canaliculi
C) Sharpey fibers
D) Lamellae

Question 20

After puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies, and the epiphysis and _____ merge.

A) epiphyseal line
B) diaphyseal plate
C) metaphysis
D) articular cartilage

Question 21

Which molecules are parts of the bone matrix? (select all that apply)

A) Collagen fibers
B) Elastin fibers
C) Proteoglycans
D) Glycoproteins
E) Epithelial cells

Question 22

Which terms are used to describe skeletal muscle? (select all that apply)

A) Voluntary
B) Striated
C) Extrafusal
D) Fibrotic
E) Epithelial

Question 23

The shapes that represent bone classifications include: (select all that apply)

A) long.
B) flat.
C) short.
D) irregular.
E) round.

Question 24

What does the term "sarcopenia" describe?

A) Absence of muscle cells
B) Fatigue of muscle cells
C) Age-related loss in skeletal muscle
D) Muscles that are unable to contract

Question 25

What term identifies a muscle acting as a contraction's prime mover?

A) Flexor
B) Recruiter
C) Antagonist
D) Agonist

Question 26

The structures present in compact bone include the: (select all that apply)

A) haversian canals.
B) trabeculae.
C) canaliculi.
D) lamellae.
E) lacunae.

Question 27

The nursing student has a good understanding of glycoproteins when he states which of the following glycoproteins are present in the bone? (select all that apply)

A) Osteocalcin
B) Sialoprotein
C) Bone albumin
D) Alpha-glycoprotein
E) Collagen

Question 28

The nurse observed the patient's muscle contracted, but the limb did not move.How should the nurse chart this muscle contraction?

A) Isotonic contraction
B) Isometric contraction
C) Eccentric contraction
D) Concentric contraction

Question 29

What is the main energy source or fuel for skeletal muscle contraction?

A) Potassium
B) Lactic acid
C) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
D) Actin