Deck 12: The Choices and Challenges of Childbearing

Question 1

According to recent demographic reports discussed in your text, approximately how many children are currently born in America yearly?

A)A little over 6 million babies.
B)A little over 4 million babies.
C)A little over 2 million babies.
D)A little over 1 million babies.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following, if any, does your text say are among the medical and psychological outcomes associated with being the mother of a teen pregnancy?

A)Risk of dying during childbirth is much higher compared to that of women in their 20s.
B)Risk of postpartum psychosis is much higher compared to that of women in their 20s.
C)Risk of dying during the year following childbirth is much higher compared to that of women in their 20s.
D)None of the above.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When considering the results of recent analyses of childbirth trends, which of the following age groups appear to be women most likely to be in their "prime" for childbearing?

A)Ages 20-24
B)Ages 24-29
C)Ages 30-34
D)All of the above.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

During the fertilization process, the sperm that do reach the ovum attempt to enter its outer layer.What typically happens to the first sperm that penetrates the ovum successfully?

A)It gets pulled into the ovum through a series of contractions meant to help it penetrate the outer layer of the egg.
B)It signals the ovum to produce a softer cover so that other sperm can also penetrate the ovum.
C)It races the other sperm to reach the center of the ovum first so that it can create a zygote.
D)None of the above.

Question 5

According to the recent CDC survey discussed in your text, approximately ________ women have some sort of impairment interfering with getting pregnant.

A)12 million
B)7 million
C)4 million
D)3 million

Question 6

Which of the following are considered "nonmarital births" for purposes of research and monitoring of trends?

A)Unmarried women
B)Widowed women
C)Married women who are gay
D)All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following, if any, accounts for low birth rates in China and Taiwan?

A)A governmental "one child" policy.
B)A policy that mandates early childbirths.
C)A policy that mandates early marriages.
D)None of the above.

Question 8

Which of the following is not considered one of the stages of conception?

A)The fetal period
B)The perinatal period
C)The germinal period
D)The embryonic period

Question 9

Current reports indicate that America has a higher rate of adolescent pregnancies than many other developed countries.Demographics indicate that about one million teens will become pregnant yearly.Of these, approximately how many will give birth?

A)100,000
B)250,000
C)500,000
D)750,000

Question 10

Which of the following age groups currently report having the lowest birth rates per 1,000 women?

A)20-24
B)25-29
C)30-34
D)35-39

Question 11

Of all the unintended pregnancies documented in the US yearly, about how many are contributed by adolescent pregnancies?

A)10%
B)25%
C)33%
D)None of the above.

Question 12

Which of the following, if any, does your text say are among the developmental outcomes associated with being the mother of a teen pregnancy?

A)Adolescent mothers struggle when trying to form and maintain stable interpersonal relationships.
B)Many adolescent parents remain more dependent on their families of origin than do their peers who are not parents.
C)Adolescent mothers have a difficult time completing the developmental tasks associated with adolescence-developing more independence and autonomy.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 13

What is the "pregnancy pact," as it is discussed in your text?

A)The medical treatment contract an expectant mother enters with her women's health specialist of choice.
B)The agreement made by a group of teens who all agreed to get pregnant in the same year.
C)The agreement made by a group of teens who all agreed to remain virgins until marriage.
D)Both A and C are true.

Question 14

Which of the following factors associated with the increasing rates of births outside marriage, if any, are not true contributors to the trends?

A)Postponement of marriage.
B)Increased sexual activity outside marriage.
C)Increased failure of contraception, despite using it as directed.
D)None of the above.

Question 15

Which of the following, if any, does your text say are among the socioeconomic outcomes associated with being the mother of a teen pregnancy?

A)Teen mothers are more likely to drop out of high school than their non-pregnant peers.
B)Teen parents are more likely to need the support of welfare at some point within the 5 years following the birth of their children.
C)Some studies say that more than half of teen parents end up needing long term public support following the birth of their children.
D)All of the above.

Question 16

Which of the following, if any, are considered an advantage for children of cohabiting parents?

A)Mothers are more likely to be younger and more energetic.
B)Fathers are more likely to achieve higher levels of education.
C)Increased availability of economic resources.
D)All of the above.

Question 17

According to your text, which of the following, if any, is the action that signifies that conception has occurred?

A)Development of the blastocyst.
B)The movement of the blastocyst from the fallopian tube to the uterus.
C)The implantation of the blastocyst into the endometrium.
D)None of the above.

Question 18

Over 100 million sperm tend to be present in male ejaculation.Approximately how many of these reach the ovum, therefore giving them a chance for fertilization?

A)1,000,000
B)100,000
C)2000
D)200

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of a doula?

A)midwife
B)professional provider of labor support
C)someone who nurses the baby when the mother cannot (i.e., "wet nurse")
D)the ob/gyn's assistant at the hospital during births

Question 20

According to the description of fertilization in your text, which of the following is the most accurate description of how long it might take for a sperm to reach an ovum to begin the creation of a zygote?

A)Anywhere from 1 to 3 hours
B)Up to one day
C)Anywhere from 1 to 3 days
D)Up to 5 days

Question 21

Many women experience physical changes during sexual intercourse after giving birth.For example, some women experience pain at first intercourse after birth.According to the study from which the text draws this information, how long is that pain likely to be an issue for these women?

A)About a month from first post-partum intercourse.
B)About three months from first post-partum intercourse.
C)About six months from first post-partum intercourse.
D)About a year from first post-partum intercourse.

Question 22

According to your text, which of the following are not true with regard to artificial insemination?

A)It is a popular treatment for both heterosexual and homosexual couples.
B)Donor sperm is placed into the vagina, cervix, or uterus.
C)It often results in multiple births.
D)A syringe is used to insert the sperm into the woman being inseminated.

Question 23

According to your text, why are many mothers encouraged to breastfeed as soon as possible following birth?

A)Because the timing of first breastfeeding is a crucial step in the bonding process between mother and child.
B)Because it can reduce the risk of postpartum bleeding in the mother.
C)Because babies are quite hungry after birth.
D)None of the above

Question 24

What trimester of pregnancy to most mothers tend to report as the most "enjoyable" time during pregnancy?

A)First trimester
B)Second trimester
C)Third trimester
D)Both B and C are true.

Question 25

According to recent research about emotions and relationships during pregnancy, which of the following situations is least likely to happen under normal conditions?

A)A mother of a planned and desired pregnancy may feel depressed.
B)Some research says mothers may be more worried than their partners about the financial burdens that come with children.
C)Some research says that couple relationships are more "stable" than "unstable" during pregnancy.
D)All of the above.

Question 26

What is "the mother line?"

A)The network of caregiving professionals who work together to facilitate the healthiest possible pregnancy and childbirth for a mother.
B)A dark line that runs vertically from the pubic area to the navel in some pregnant women.
C)A special express lane in most supermarkets to be utilized by pregnant women or women with infants.
D)The matrilineal connection from the pregnant mother, her mother, her grandmother, etc.

Question 27

What changes about the way contractions work after the baby "crowns?"

A)The cervix will only dilate about 2 more centimeters.
B)It becomes a good time to give the mother an epidural if they wish to block some of the pain.
C)The baby will no longer retract into the mother's body after a contraction.
D)The body begins to release prostaglandins to soften the cervix.

Question 28

The placenta and umbilical cord are considered the life support systems connecting the mother and the fetus.By the time the baby is born, which of the following is not true regarding the placenta?

A)It is typically attached to the upper part of the uterus.
B)It typically weighs about 5 pounds by the time the baby is born.
C)Visually, it is about the size of a large dinner plate in circumference.
D)It transports both oxygen and the mothers' immunities to the fetus.

Question 29

Your co-worker just called to say that her sister gave birth to a child at week 37 of her pregnancy.Which of the following, if any, would be considered accurate statements about the timing of the birth?

A)The baby is considered full-term.
B)The baby is considered pre-term.
C)The baby is at high risk for respiratory difficulties.
D)Both B & C are true.

Question 30

When is it most common for the birth of the placenta to occur?

A)Almost simultaneously with the baby.
B)Anywhere from 5-30 minutes following the delivery of the baby.
C)Anywhere from 45-60 minutes following the delivery of the baby.
D)Within about a day following the delivery of the baby.

Question 31

Which of the following, if any, are factors associated with happy relationships between parents of babies by the time they are about 6 months old?

A)Strong social supports.
B)The ability to take "partner time" alone from the baby.
C)More sex together once it is physically appropriate for the mother.
D)All of the above

Question 32

During the first trimester of pregnancy, rapid growth and development occur.This is one reason the first trimester is often referred to as the _________ period.

A)fast-forward
B)critical
C)alpha
D)intensification

Question 33

What is the clinical definition of infertility, as described in your text?

A)The inability to conceive a baby even with all available medical interventions.
B)The inability to conceive a baby without the aid of medical interventions.
C)The inability to conceive a baby after trying to do so for a period of 1 year.
D)The inability to conceive a baby after trying to do so for a period of 6 months.

Question 34

Which of the following are ingredients included in amniotic fluid?

A)Amniotic cells
B)Secretions from the baby's lungs
C)The mother's urine
D)Both A & B are true.

Question 35

According to your text, which of the following are not words used to describe freebirthing?

A)DIY birth
B)Unhindered birth
C)DeSade birthing
D)Couple's birth

Question 36

What is vernix?

A)A component of amniotic fluid.
B)A waxy coating that lubricates the baby's skin in utero.
C)The downy hair that grows on the skin of the embryo.
D)A substance passed through the placenta between mother and offspring.

Question 37

Why does your text argue that, when it comes to sex, it is best for a partner to follow the pregnant woman's lead during pregnancy?

A)Sex can be very dangerous during certain phases of pregnancy.
B)The hormonal surges can cause pregnant women to find their partners repulsive; it is best for the relationship that they do not know this.
C)Mood changes can alter a pregnant woman's desire for the thought or act of sex, but it does not mean she is rejecting her partner.
D)None of the above.

Question 38

Fetal movement, also referred to as quickening, is something that the mother tends to feel for the first time at what time during the pregnancy?

A)About 8 weeks.
B)About 12 weeks.
C)About 16 weeks.
D)About 20 weeks.

Question 39

According to your text, which of the following is not a presumptive sign of pregnancy?

A)Lack of menstruation.
B)Full breasts.
C)Fatigue.
D)Cravings.

Question 40

Although individual couples show a range of difference in post-partum sexual desire and activity, your text discusses a study that appears to have found a variable predicting which couples would be much less likely to be having sexual relations one year after childbirth.What was this predictor variable?

A)Not being sexually active at the third month of the pregnancy.
B)Not scoring well on a measure of couples' communication about sexuality.
C)Not being able to sleep through the night for the child's first year of life.
D)Not breast feeding.

Question 41

The "active labor" phase of childbirth occurs when the cervix is dilated from about 4 to 7 centimeters.

Question 42

Stillbirth refers to the death of a fetus after the 24th week of gestation.

Question 43

As explained in your text, what is the meaning of "Ideational Object Loss?"

A)The loss of the baby's favorite toy during infancy, never to be recovered or replaced.
B)The sense of loss some mothers experience after childbirth, as they adjust to life as new mothers instead of pregnant women.
C)The transition into the cycle of grief for the "planned for" child, and acceptance of the actual child, when there are unexpected challenges facing the child.
D)Both B & C are correct.

Question 44

If a baby dies within the first 28 days after birth, it is said that neonatal death has occurred.

Question 45

There is a vaginal discharge called lochia that women experience for about 2 weeks after childbirth.

Question 46

Teen parents and their children are both at long-term risk for a variety of medical, developmental, and socioeconomic issues.

Question 47

The vast majority of miscarriages occur because of_______________________.

A)Accidental physical injuries to the mother.
B)Abnormalities in the embryo.
C)Excess cramping experienced by the mother.
D)None of the above.

Question 48

Women who are not sexual active when three months pregnant are more than 11 times more likely to not be sexually active when it is a year after the birth of the child.

Question 49

Although most pregnancies proceed without any major difficulties, some people do experience loss during pregnancy, most often through miscarriage.Which of the following are not issues surrounding miscarriage described in your text?

A)It is sometimes referred to as spontaneous abortion.
B)It occurs, by definition, before the 20th week of pregnancy.
C)About 50% of miscarriages occur during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
D)Miscarriages that occur between weeks 12 and 20 are considered "late" miscarriages.

Question 50

By the time the baby is born, the placenta weighs about 5 pounds.

Question 51

Which of the following are not mentioned in your text as known causes of stillbirth?

A)Various birth defects.
B)Difficulties with the functioning of the placenta.
C)Chronic health conditions.
D)Extreme fetal growth.

Question 52

Which of the following reasons, if any, explain the prevalent use of vaginal delivery for many babies who are already stillborn in the womb?

A)It reduces possible additional complications associated with vaginal birth.
B)It increases the likelihood that the mother will be physically able to bear children to full term in the future.
C)Vaginal delivery is still the best choice in the situation, even compared with the seemingly less traumatic cesarean section birth method.
D)All of the above.

Question 53

According to your text, what are some of the benefits of making sure pregnant women and their partners are well informed about the basics of pregnancy and childbirth?

A)It empowers you to make informed decisions with your healthcare providers.
B)It helps the pregnant woman understand her rights and responsibilities.
C)It can set the stage for a satisfying, family-centered birthing experience.
D)All of the above.

Question 54

Although the loss of a fetus during any part of pregnancy is very difficult, having a stillbirth can be particularly challenging because it occurs late enough for there to have been fetal movements that can be felt by the parent(s).

Question 55

Births to older women are decreasing in recent years.

Question 56

A Cesarean section (C-section) is a surgical incision made to deliver the fetus through the _______________.

A)uterus and cervix
B)abdomen and cervix
C)abdomen and uterus
D)None of the above.

Question 57

The umbilical cord does not contain nerves.

Question 58

Which of the following are not listed among the Pregnant Patient's Bill of Rights?

A)The right to be fully informed of the benefits and risks associated with all medical interventions.
B)The right to privacy to consider options.
C)The right to childbirth with dignity that is standardized.
D)The right to the healthiest baby possible.

Question 59

Which of the following are medical indications that a C-section should be performed?

A)Breech presentation or positioning of the baby.
B)When the baby comes before the umbilical cord.
C)Fetal distress, usually resulting in lowered oxygen for the baby.
D)Both A & C are true.

Question 60

When children are born with physical or developmental challenges, their parents go through an experience of grief and loss.According to what we know so far, this experience is_________.

A)something that will end over time.
B)a cycle that may never completely end.
C)something that both parents tend to experience in the same way.
D)important to discuss with the child regularly.

Question 61

Describe recent trends concerning pregnancy, including the following: age of childbirth, relational context of childbirth (e.g., single, cohabiting, married), and the seeming implications of these trends given the discussion of recent research in your text.

Question 62

Discuss some of the findings about outcomes for children of cohabiting parents.Please include and rationalize your opinion as to why some of these outcomes seem to be counter-intuitively negative.

Question 63

Please briefly explain some of the psychological difficulties associated with infertility.

Question 64

Why do you think none of the research to date has been in keeping with the conventional wisdom that wearing boxers rather than briefs can increase the health of a man's sperm?

Question 65

What are some of the short and long term challenges associated with teen pregnancy? Please include discussion of the effects on both parent and child, and include the following domains: medical/psychological, developmental and socioeconomic.

Question 66

Please describe in detail the processes of fertilization and conception.

Question 67

Please choose and discuss two of the reasons for the current unprecedented high numbers of births occurring outside marriage.

Question 68

After witnessing a drop-off in the teen pregnancy rate in the early 2000s, more current reports show an increase in teen pregnancies.What are some factors that may help us to interpret this increase, and might they vary across ethnic groups in the US?

Question 69

Describe the three major types of birth settings available to pregnant women, including the advantages and disadvantages of each.Please include your hypothetical choice of "best practice," including your rationale for choosing it.

Question 70

Describe the contents of amniotic fluid.Include brief commentary on whether or not its ingredients held any surprises for you and why/why not.
Essay:

Question 71

Imagine yourself finding out about a high-school teen pregnancy pact such as the one described in your text.Would you get involved in trying to stop the pact? Why or why not?

Question 72

Using the hypothetical questions about pregnancy in the introduction of your text, answer them using the information in this chapter.If you planned to send this information back to the questioner, is there any additional information you feel s/he should have? Why or why not?

Question 73

Please define sterility and infertility, including a comparison and contrast of the two constructs.

Question 74

Please define the umbrella term referred to by the acronym ART and briefly explain its general role in treating infertility

Question 75

Please detail the four major treatments for infertility that fall under Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).Include in your discussion whether you would consider using any of them and why.

Question 76

Please describe the qualities of the placenta and the umbilical cord, and explain their role during pregnancy.