Deck 7: Vitamins

Question 1

The requirement for vitamin E varies by the amount of an individual's

A) sun exposure.
B) protein intake.
C) animal fat intake.
D) polyunsaturated fatty acid intake.

Answer 1

D
The requirement for vitamin E varies with the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet.

Question 2

Vitamin E protects membranes because it acts as

A) a barrier.
B) peroxide.
C) an antioxidant.
D) a clotting factor.

Answer 2

C
Vitamin E protects membranes by acting as nature's most potent fat-soluble antioxidant.The polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipid membranes are easy for oxygen to break down.and vitamin E can interrupt this oxidation and protect the fatty acids of the cell membrane from damage.

Question 3

Recommended intakes for vitamin D are difficult to establish because

A) exposure to sunlight varies.
B) it is present in so many foods.
C) the body stores such large amounts.
D) the amount in food varies with the season.

Answer 3

A
Recommended intakes for vitamin D are difficult to establish because of its unique hormone-like nature.the difference in exposure to sun (affected by time spent outside and climate).and limited food sources.

Question 4

The fat-soluble vitamin responsible for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors by the liver is vitamin

A) A.
B) D.
C) E.
D) K.

Question 5

The active hormonal form of vitamin D is

A) cholecalciferol.
B) calciferol.
C) calcitriol.
D) calcitonin.

Question 6

A deficiency of vitamin A may result in

A) osteoporosis.
B) bile obstruction.
C) breakdown of cell membranes.
D) night blindness.

Question 7

The primary function of vitamin D is to regulate the absorption and metabolism of the minerals

A) sodium and potassium.
B) iron and phosphorus.
C) calcium and phosphorus.
D) sodium and calcium.

Question 8

Liver is a rich source of

A) vitamin A (retinol).
B) vitamin C.
C) vitamin D.
D) vitamin E.

Question 9

Sunflower oil is a rich source of

A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin B.
C) vitamin D.
D) vitamin E.

Question 10

A toxic level of vitamin D is most likely to result in

A) liver damage.
B) hyperpigmentation.
C) blindness.
D) calcification of soft tissues.

Question 11

A vitamin that behaves more like a hormone than a vitamin is vitamin

A) A.
B) D.
C) E.
D) K.

Question 12

An important function of vitamin A is to

A) be incorporated into the bile.
B) help with blood clotting.
C) act as an antioxidant.
D) help form rhodopsin in the eye.

Question 13

For a compound to be classified as a vitamin.it must

A) be synthesized by the body.
B) be required in large quantities.
C) perform a vital function.
D) be water soluble.

Question 14

The provitamin form of vitamin A that is found in plant pigments is

A) beta-carotene.
B) chlorophyll.
C) beta-xanthophyll.
D) calciferol.

Question 15

Two foods that are commonly fortified with vitamin D are

A) cereals and pasta products.
B) milk and margarine.
C) flour and salt.
D) vegetable oils and shortenings.

Question 16

A vitamin D deficiency in growing children that results in the malformation of skeletal tissue.especially the long bones.is referred to as

A) rickets.
B) scurvy.
C) pellagra.
D) osteoporosis.

Question 17

Spinach.carrots.and sweet potatoes are good sources of

A) beta-carotene.
B) vitamin A.
C) vitamin D.
D) vitamin E.

Question 18

Fish liver oils are a good source of

A) vitamin D.
B) vitamin E.
C) protein.
D) iron.

Question 19

The last organ involved in the production of the physiologically active form of vitamin D is the

A) liver.
B) kidney.
C) intestine.
D) skin.

Question 20

Synthesis of the active hormonal form of vitamin D is the result of the combined action of the

A) skin, liver, and kidney.
B) pancreas, thyroid, and liver.
C) skin, skeleton, and liver.
D) kidney, skeleton, and liver.

Question 21

A folic acid deficiency induces a form of anemia called

A) microcytic anemia.
B) megaloblastic anemia.
C) pernicious anemia.
D) aplastic anemia.

Question 22

A good food source of niacin is

A) a banana.
B) a tomato.
C) beef.
D) oatmeal.

Question 23

What is the most important source of riboflavin in the United States?

A) Milk
B) Lean meats
C) Enriched grains
D) Green, leafy vegetables

Question 24

The person most at risk for vitamin D deficiency is a

A) 12-year-old girl who plays soccer at the local playground twice a week.
B) 28-year-old mother who breastfeeds her 5-month-old infant and takes a daily stroll in the neighborhood.
C) 62-year-old woman who lives in a cold climate and rarely goes outdoors.
D) 42-year-old man who plays golf once a week.

Question 25

The disease associated with niacin deficiency is

A) anemia.
B) cheilosis.
C) pellagra.
D) beriberi.

Question 26

The vitamin that is destroyed by light is

A) vitamin C.
B) niacin.
C) riboflavin.
D) biotin.

Question 27

The vitamin most closely associated with protein metabolism is

A) thiamin.
B) pyridoxine.
C) folic acid.
D) choline.

Question 28

An alcoholic is most likely to be deficient in

A) biotin.
B) folic acid.
C) thiamin.
D) pyridoxine.

Question 29

Which of the following diets can help ensure adequate and balanced vitamin intake?

A) a high-calorie diet composed of mainly fruits and vegetables
B) a high-protein diet concentrating on red meat and fish
C) a varied diet composed of all food groups eaten in moderate portions
D) a varied diet with a higher emphasis on grains and fish

Question 30

The amino acid that can be converted to niacin in the body is

A) leucine.
B) phenylalanine.
C) tryptophan.
D) valine.

Question 31

The three body systems that can be affected by a thiamin deficiency are the

A) nervous, respiratory, and urinary systems.
B) nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems.
C) gastrointestinal, respiratory, and endocrine systems.
D) lymphatic, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems.

Question 32

An athlete who increases his or her intake of pasta will also increase his or her need for

A) folic acid.
B) thiamin.
C) pyridoxine.
D) vitamin C.

Question 33

The B vitamin predominantly found in foods of animal origin is

A) pantothenic acid.
B) niacin.
C) thiamin.
D) cobalamin.

Question 34

In the past.vitamin A content was listed in International Units; it is now listed in

A) milligrams.
B) micrograms.
C) beta-carotene equivalents.
D) retinol equivalents.

Question 35

A good food source of vitamin K is

A) spinach.
B) sunflower oil.
C) pork.
D) oranges.

Question 36

There is a metabolic partnership between vitamin E and

A) zinc.
B) chromium.
C) selenium.
D) iron.

Question 37

Vitamin C deficiency is associated with

A) scurvy.
B) beriberi.
C) pernicious anemia.
D) megaloblastic anemia.

Question 38

The hormones that participate in calcium metabolism are

A) estrogen and oxytocin.
B) cortisone and epinephrine.
C) aldosterone and thyroxine.
D) parathyroid and calcitriol.

Question 39

The best food source of folic acid is

A) grapefruit.
B) chicken.
C) cheese.
D) broccoli.

Question 40

The function of all B-complex vitamins is to

A) regulate fluid balance.
B) function as body structures.
C) function as coenzymes.
D) provide calories for energy.

Question 41

A young woman who is interested in becoming pregnant should be counseled on healthy eating choices.especially regarding folate-rich foods.which may help prevent

A) neural tube defects.
B) osteomalacia.
C) pernicious anemia.
D) aplastic anemia.

Question 42

A 62-year-old woman who smokes one pack of cigarettes a day and whose food intake records reveal a minimal intake of vitamin C foods is most likely to be at risk for

A) easy bruising and pinpoint hemorrhages.
B) cracked and bleeding lips.
C) fevers and infections.
D) neurologic disorders.

Question 43

Foods rich in phytochemicals include

A) mushrooms and algae.
B) fruits and vegetables.
C) yogurt and goat's milk.
D) soy milk and tofu.

Question 44

Phytochemicals act as

A) vitamins and minerals.
B) cofactors and enzymes.
C) antioxidants and hormones.
D) antibiotics and antifungals.

Question 45

An example of a meal high in vitamin C is

A) a bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich and strawberries.
B) a hamburger, french fries, and salad.
C) a pasta salad, whole-grain roll, and apple.
D) nachos with refried beans and salsa.