Deck 5: Sampling

Question 1

A sample is

A) a subset of a population.
B) the group of elements from which a researcher samples.
C) a summary of variable characteristics in a population.
D) a summary of a variable in a sample.
E) none of these

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Instances where all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected are known as

A) simple random samples.
B) probability samples.
C) stratified samples.
D) statistical samples.
E) percentage samples.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The main reason that samples fail to accurately represent the population of interest is because

A) the population is not homogeneous.
B) there is sampling error.
C) the wrong sampling technique was used.
D) the sampling frame was too large.
E) the sample was biased.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

As a surveyor,you call households on your call list and 10% never answered the call.What kind of error have you encountered?

A) coverage error
B) sample error
C) measurement error
D) nonrespondent error
E) nonresponse error

Question 5

Sampling is a way to learn aboutby obtaining information fromof a larger population.

A) a larger population; the entire membership
B) a larger population ; a subset
C) a subset of a population; the entire membership
D) a subset of a population; a subset
E) a smaller population; a percentage

Question 6

The local television station conducted a study of TV viewers in the local TV station's viewing region.A list of all residential customers who subscribed to cable TV was obtained from the cable company.The list had 20,000 households as subscribers.The TV station sampled every 40th household on the subscriber list.An interviewer visited each household and conducted the survey on viewing habits of household members.What is the sampling frame of the study?

A) cable television viewers
B) all households in the community
C) all TV owners in the region
D) a list of all customers from the TV cable company
E) all Department of Motor Vehicle (DMV) registrants

Question 7

The larger the size of the samples taken from the population,the more likely that

A) the statistic will be an accurate estimation of the population parameter.
B) we will obtain identitical statistics and parameters.
C) we will gain an accurate picture of the variation within the samples.
D) our study will become very expensive.
E) accuracy will be less.

Question 8

If we were interested in understanding the relationship between level of education and lifetime earnings,what elements would you sample?

A) individuals
B) schools
C) cities and towns
D) occupational choice
E) all of these

Question 9

When two samples are drawn from the same population,there may occur,when the sample statistics differ.

A) coverage error
B) statistical bias
C) dual error
D) sampling variability
E) generalizability

Question 10

Members of a population,which are included in a sample,are referred to as

A) sampling units.
B) elements.
C) units of analysis.
D) both elements and units of analysis.
E) none of these

Question 11

Aconsists of a group of elements from which a researcher samples and generalizes.

A) probability sample
B) target
C) sampling frame
D) population
E) unit of analysis

Question 12

The focal research by Keeter,Dimock,and Christian discusses the issue of increasing cell phone use and decreasing land line use.This affects sampling how?

A) It does not affect sampling in any way.
B) It has an effect on sampling when determining a sampling frame.
C) It has an effect on who can conduct research.
D) none of these
E) all of these

Question 13

A biased sample means

A) it is a prejudiced sample.
B) it is a sample that is not representative of the population from which it is drawn.
C) that there is limited generalizability of results.
D) that it is both a prejudiced sample and there is limited generalizability of results.
E) none of these

Question 14

What was the effect of sampling frames as shown in the focal research by Keeter,Dimock,and Christian?

A) there was no difference in results by surveys completed by land line users and surveys completed by land line and cell phone users.
B) there was a difference in results by surveys completed by land line users and surveys completed by land line and cell phone users.
C) land lines are becoming obsolete.
D) surveyors shouldn't call respondents on cell phones.
E) none of these are true.

Question 15

Nonresponse errors are

A) found only in nonprobability samples.
B) found only in probability samples.
C) found in both probability and nonprobability samples.
D) not problematic.
E) none of these.

Question 16

An unrepresentative sample is referred to as a

A) framed sample.
B) generalized sample.
C) biased sample.
D) coverage error.
E) sampling error.

Question 17

A parameter refers to acharacteristic while a statistic refers to characteristics from a
_________________.

A) sample; population.
B) probability; nonprobability sample.
C) sampling error; population error.
D) population; sample.
E) sub-sample; probability.

Question 18

If a series of samples are drawn from a population,it is likely that they will fall along a normal distribution and reflect

A) a nonprobability sample.
B) a population parameter.
C) a variable distribution.
D) sampling error.
E) a nonprobability sample and a variable distribution only.

Question 19

Many phone numbers are not listed in telephone books.How do surveyors combat this issue?

A) Surveyors call cell phones.
B) Surveyors call listed numbers and triangulate with another method such as face to face interviews.
C) Surveyors are going away from land line survey methods because of this issue.
D) Surveyors use random digit dialing to formulate their call lists.
E) all of these are ways surveyors combat this issue.

Question 20

In a probability sample,every element in the population has a(n)chance of being included in the sample.

A) equal
B) different
C) weighted
D) unknowable
E) none of these

Question 21

When one is conducting a research study,it is a good idea to first consider whether one wants results that are generalizable.This issue is very critical in determining what approach is best to use in sampling.

Question 22

The sampling distribution of any statistic tends to hover around the population parameter,especially as the number of samples gets

A) heterogeneous.
B) very large.
C) biased.
D) homogeneous.
E) small.

Question 23

If you sample a population where every person has an equal chance of being selected,you have a probability sample.

Question 24

It is virtually impossible to account for non response bias.

Question 25

Selecting an appropriate sampling technique involves balancingconcerns.

A) theoretical
B) methodological
C) practical
D) ethical
E) all of the above

Question 26

Systematic random sampling has the advantage of

A) being easy to do.
B) being more accurate than simple random sampling.
C) overcoming any consistent bias in the ordering of the population.
D) being less expensive than simple random sampling.
E) none of these.

Question 27

A random sample is usually the best way to examine a population.

Question 28

The U.S.Census,in order to save money,samples the population of the United States every ten years.

Question 29

A parameter refers to a measurement in a sample of a larger population.

Question 30

If a potential respondent does not participate in the research,the study suffers from coverage error.

Question 31

Members of a population can be referred to as elements.

Question 32

Which of the following is not an example of a nonprobability sample?

A) quota
B) snowball
C) purposive
D) determinate
E) none of these

Question 33

A researcher is interested in studying a small and elite population.She finds one element and then asks that respondents provide her with the names of others in the group.This researcher is usingsampling.

A) snowball
B) convenience
C) cluster
D) quota
E) systematic

Question 34

To improve the representativeness of samples,one can use a technique where randomization is used at several points.Sampling methodologies that use this technique include

A) cluster.
B) multistage.
C) stratified.
D) cluster and multistage.
E) multistage and stratified.

Question 35

You want to draw a sample of the employees at a large university ensuring that in your sample you have people represented from all personnel categories: administrators,faculty,secretarial staff,cleaning staff,mail room staff,technicians,students,etc.You want to use a probability sample.Which type of probability sample would be best for your purposes?

A) cluster sample
B) stratified sample
C) quota sample
D) simple random sample
E) snowball sample

Question 36

Which type of probability sampling procedure involves randomly selecting clusters from a population then randomly selecting elements from each of the clusters?

A) cluster sample
B) multi-stage sample
C) quota sample
D) simple random sample
E) snowball sample

Question 37

A researcher hand selects elements to be in his sample based on how much they will facilitate this study.This researcher is usingsampling.

A) snowball
B) cluster
C) systematic
D) quota
E) purposive

Question 38

A stratified sample allows us to make certain that we account for individuals who may represent small numbers in the population.

Question 39

You don't need to sample when the number of things you want to examine is small.

Question 40

An error that results from differences in the sample characteristics and the population characteristics is referred to as coverage error.

Question 41

What is the difference between probability and nonprobability sampling,in terms of the appropriateness of each to research designs?

Question 42

What lessons were learned in the presidential sampling examples?

Question 43

Snowball sampling techniques are useful when gaining access to groups that are harder to find.

Question 44

Identify and describe the four types of nonprobability sampling.

Question 45

Although convenience samples are widely used in research,what undermines their claims to generalizability?

Question 46

Identify and describe the sources of errors associated with sampling.

Question 47

If we make accommodations to oversample certain members of a sample,we are taking a cluster sample.

Question 48

Choosing a sampling technique requires making theoretical and methodological decisions,but not necessarily ethical decisions.