Deck 5: The Reawakening of Intellectual Life in the Middle Ages

Question 1

The emergence of the national states of Europe:

A) was a uniform development throughout the continent.
B) provided a rivalry with the papacy for power and revenues.
C) was helped by the reform of monasteries.
D) led mostly to new republics on the continent.
E) copied the governmental structures of the Islamic nations.

Answer 1

provided a rivalry with the papacy for power and revenues.

Question 2

The crusaders brought back from their eastern campaigns:

A) scholarship of the ancients that had been lost in western Europe.
B) riches to swell the papal treasury.
C) the holy grail.
D) many converts to Christianity.
E) original sources of the Bible.

Answer 2

scholarship of the ancients that had been lost in western Europe.

Question 3

The crusades were:

A) successful military campaigns that defeated the Islamic armies.
B) able to provide contact with Eastern scholarship.
C) led by the popes.
D) successful in driving the Moors from Spain.
E) solely religious enterprises.

Answer 3

able to provide contact with Eastern scholarship.

Question 4

The strict adherence to established Church doctrine and moral values was reinforced by the:

A) bishops.
B) universities.
C) monasteries.
D) national monarchs.
E) Inquisition.

Question 5

Early in his career, Abélard championed the views that:

A) universals are the only reality and individuals are only incidental, in agreement with Plato.
B) universals are mental abstractions to express individual reality, in agreement with Aristotle.
C) the Church is more than the sum of its members.
D) physical appearances are illusory.
E) individual persons are simply instances of universals.

Question 6

In Aquinas' psychology, the will:

A) is subordinate to human reason.
B) is a separate, but equal part of the intellect.
C) comprises the source of human motivation.
D) is completely determined by the will of God.
E) resides in the senses.

Question 7

The major impact of Scholasticism:

A) left the Church vulnerable to the products of human intellectual pursuit.
B) supported Church authority based upon faith.
C) reconciled Plato's teachings with those of the Church.
D) ultimately denied the need to study human psychology.
E) denied the existence of angels.

Question 8

The new religious orders of Dominicans and Franciscans:

A) were composed of ill-prepared, often illiterate monks.
B) preferred to work within the confines of monasteries.
C) preferred to work outside the confines of monasteries.
D) led to the counter-reformation.
E) attempted to halt the development of the universities.

Question 9

In Aquinas' system, human learning:

A) depends exclusively on environmental input.
B) is unnecessary since all knowledge comes from God.
C) relies on sensory input, central mediation and coordination.
D) is confined to the higher levels of rationality.
E) is the product of particular sensory observations only.

Question 10

The scientific work of Albertus Magnus:

A) was done within the confines of approved Church sources.
B) ignored observations of natural events.
C) relied on the teaching of Plato.
D) relied on the teachings of Aristotle.
E) used an approach opposite to that of Roger Bacon.

Question 11

A major impact of Scholasticism for the advancement of science was the:

A) support of papal control of the universities.
B) recognition of an Aristotelian system to rival that of Plato.
C) suppression of William of Ockham.
D) academic freedom of the universities.
E) elevation of biology over theology in importance within the universities.

Question 12

The dualism of Aquinas' psychology:

A) was completely determined for each person by the grand design of God.
B) accepted Plato's view of the mind imprisoned in the body.
C) defined each person in terms of essence and existence.
D) placed mediation of sensory data within the will.
E) was based entirely on a spiritual level.

Question 13

Abélard was convinced that:

A) faith and reason will reach the same conclusion through parallel directions.
B) reason as a source of truth is not possible.
C) Aristotle's teachings were inferior to those of Plato.
D) logical methods were far too limiting.
E) Héloise came from a nice family.

Question 14

William of Ockham:

A) was an outspoken advocate of the "new" scholasticism.
B) sought the resolution of faith and reason as sources of truth.
C) advanced logical demonstration and empiricism.
D) proposed a principle of parsimony in science.
E) all of the above.

Question 15

The psychology of Albertus Magnus:

A) accepted Plato's doubt about the reliability of sensory data.
B) proposed a completely new form of dualism.
C) recognized the validity of faith alone to reach truth.
D) held that the person is determined by God's will.
E) extended Aristotle's dualism to Christian concepts.

Question 16

The Inquisition was:

A) forced on the European population by the papacy.
B) a reflection of European society of the period.
C) directed only at Jews and Moslems.
D) a mild form of censorship.
E) greatly unpopular among the peasants.

Question 17

The medieval universities were:

A) scholarly communities completely free of Church and civil control.
B) scholarly communities completely dependent on Church and civil control.
C) largely dominated by the theology faculties.
D) formed outside of Italy, away from papal control.
E) outgrowths of the monasteries.

Question 18

Scholasticism was a philosophical system that:

A) succeeded in admitting human reason as a source of truth.
B) was based entirely on faith as a source of truth.
C) revived interest in the teachings of Plato.
D) was condemned by the Church.
E) stifled intellectual activity in medieval Europe.

Question 19

Roger Bacon's method of inquiry:

A) was devoid of mathematical expression.
B) stressed empirical demonstration based upon observation.
C) was in opposition to the approach of Albertus Magnus.
D) was largely metaphysical.
E) searched for universals and deemphasized particulars.

Question 20

The five faculties of the soul, within Aquinas' system,:

A) meant that all knowledge of the world was contained in the soul at birth.
B) meant that the soul was predisposed to acquire knowledge.
C) meant that the soul passively reacts to input from the environment.
D) defined human existence in the same way as for other animals in nature.
E) meant that the motivation of the organism was determined by God.