Deck 14: American Functionalism

Question 1

According to the James-Lange theory, emotions are:

A) followed by physiological change.
B) the cause of a sequence of autonomic reactions.
C) the result of a sequence of autonomic reactions.
D) the result of sensations.
E) the cause of cognitive processes.

Answer 1

the result of a sequence of autonomic reactions.

Question 2

Psychological inquiry in early America was:

A) intertwined with religious belief, as in Europe.
B) based upon medicine.
C) separate from religious experience.
D) consistent with Kant's values.
E) nonexistent.

Answer 2

intertwined with religious belief, as in Europe.

Question 3

Peirce argued that the mind:

A) contains innate ideas.
B) is structured by the environment.
C) is determined by experience.
D) contributes to the organization of experience.
E) is reducible to sensations.

Answer 3

contributes to the organization of experience.

Question 4

American science has traditionally emphasized:

A) abstract over applied.
B) technology only.
C) applied over abstract.
D) basic science only.
E) metaphysics.

Question 5

As a philosophical method, American pragmatism:

A) emphasized the consequences of philosophical positions.
B) was not in agreement with empiricism.
C) was influenced by Kant.
D) reflected Comte's positivism.
E) was a comprehensive collection of doctrines.

Question 6

A factor theory of mental abilities was proposed by:

A) Pearson.
B) Spearman.
C) Thompson.
D) Burtt.
E) Thurstone.

Question 7

In contrast to James, Peirce stressed the:

A) logical consequences of ideas.
B) physiological consequences of ideas.
C) physiological basis of the emotions.
D) sensory basis of the emotions.
E) empirical basis of psychological inquiry.

Question 8

James' views on mind and body were most consistent with:

A) Descartes.
B) Spinoza.
C) Condillac.
D) James Mill.
E) Hume.

Question 9

James believed that mind and body are:

A) two interacting subsystems.
B) subjective and objective aspects of experience.
C) the elements of consciousness.
D) not subject to empirical study.
E) a succession of discrete sensations bound by associations.

Question 10

Münsterberg distinguished within psychology between:

A) immediate and mediate.
B) sensory and innate.
C) causal and purposive.
D) active and passive.
E) empirical and rational.

Question 11

The formation of the American spirit was:

A) incompatible with the focus of evolutionary theory.
B) indebted to Locke's empiricism.
C) indebted to Leibniz's nativism.
D) independent of European influences.
E) compatible with the view that human knowledge is limited.

Question 12

Functional psychology was:

A) a systematic proposal for the substance and method of psychology.
B) in agreement with the goals of structural psychology.
C) an attitude emphasizing the applications and utility of psychology.
D) the study of mental contents and structures.
E) more consistent with Fechner than with Wundt.

Question 13

William James:

A) argued that psychological inquiry should be deductive.
B) did not feel that physiology was a critical factor in psychological processes.
C) was opposed to laboratory study.
D) provided an intellectual atmosphere conducive to psychology.
E) was a detailed experimenter.

Question 14

James argued that experience is:

A) a product of sensory elements.
B) derived from innate knowledge.
C) reducible to physiological mechanisms.
D) a continuous stream of consciousness.
E) the collection of discrete memory traces.

Question 15

Early American universities were:

A) widespread under state support.
B) centers of liberal arts and applied sciences.
C) generally confined to training ministers and physicians.
D) independent of church support.
E) mostly agricultural schools.

Question 16

Rush's views on psychology were influence by:

A) Kant.
B) Berkeley.
C) Darwin.
D) Scottish "common sense."
E) Franklin.

Question 17

The first learned society in America:

A) was the colonial branch of the Royal Society.
B) promoted technical applications of science.
C) was controlled by the Puritans.
D) was assisted in its founding by Benjamin Franklin.
E) was assisted in its founding by Benjamin Rush.

Question 18

McDougall's hormic psychology held that psychological activity is:

A) sensory.
B) physiological.
C) purposive
D) unpredictable.
E) reactive.

Question 19

Although nominally a structural psychologist, Münsterberg in practice emphasized:

A) act psychology.
B) content psychology.
C) pragmatic psychology.
D) abstract psychology.
E) applied psychology.

Question 20

Alfred Binet developed:

A) intelligence tests for the U.S. Army.
B) the measure of I.Q.
C) the use of factor analysis.
D) specific test items to measure various intellectual processes.
E) predictive equations to measure general and specific abilities.

Question 21

Dewey's concept of the continuity of motor responses was contained in his definition of:

A) physiological psychology.
B) social advancement.
C) mediated experience.
D) reflex arcs.
E) purposive behavior.

Question 22

Angell's definition of functional psychology:

A) accepted introspection as a valid method.
B) accepted a biological approach to study the mind's adaptation.
C) concerned the study of the elements of consciousness.
D) concerned the responses to sensory experience.
E) focused on psychological tests.

Question 23

One common concern of Cattell throughout his career was:

A) reaction time.
B) introspection.
C) sensations.
D) intelligence.
E) individual differences.

Question 24

Hall's interest in applied psychology led him to study:

A) child development.
B) behavior.
C) physiological responses.
D) reflex arcs.
E) purposive behavior.

Question 25

McDougall's limited definition of behavior included:

A) preparatory aspects for new situations.
B) physiological responses to emotion.
C) sensory responses.
D) reflexes.
E) invariant responses.

Question 26

Functional psychology:

A) was a cohesive, unified system of psychological inquiry.
B) successfully introduced structural psychology to America.
C) successfully introduced act psychology to America.
D) provided a transition between structural psychology and later movements.
E) was concerned with the study of the elements of consciousness.

Question 27

Woodworth's dynamic psychology:

A) centered on motivations.
B) was concerned with mental acts.
C) was defined as the study of the mechanisms of physiological adaptation.
D) was defined as the study of the mind acting upon itself.
E) accepted the validity of the introspective method.

Question 28

McDougall's motivational principles stressed:

A) sensations.
B) emotions.
C) instincts.
D) environmental determinism.
E) acts.

Question 29

For Carr, mental processes:

A) are collections of discrete motor responses.
B) are elicited by self-reflections.
C) are necessarily motivated externally, but arise from the mind acting on itself.
D) are adaptive and purposive.
E) occur only in human beings.

Question 30

For Angell, functional psychology:

A) studied attentional fluctuations in consciousness.
B) should not accept psychophysical data.
C) was concerned with behavior, not consciousness.
D) accepted the assumption of innate ideas.
E) was the study of sensations and reflexes.