Deck 15: Health and Stress

Question 1

The mental and physical responses that we experience when exposed to threatening or challenging events is called __________.

A) panic
B) stress
C) anxiety
D) terror

Answer 1

stress

Question 2

In an effort to increase an individual's overall holistic approach to their own physical health,which of the following might a health psychologist do?

A) Focus on medicinal uses for substances like marijuana
B) Reduce their worry about weight loss and learn to accept their bodies as they are
C) Recommend spending time in isolation in order to fully comprehend one's own psychological experiences
D) Help develop stress-management techniques

Answer 2

Help develop stress-management techniques

Question 3

Dr.Atkinson is seeing a client who was referred for psychotherapy after having a heart attack.This client has been terribly anxious since the heart attack and now has a rather extreme fear that he is going to have another heart attack and will not survive.Dr.Atkinson helps the client with a stress-management program,uses psychoeducation to give the client information about guided relaxation and meditation,and helps the client formulate a weight-loss plan in consultation with the client's physician.Dr.Atkinson can best be described as a(n)__________.

A) biological psychologist
B) health psychologist
C) clinical psychologist
D) counseling psychologist

Answer 3

health psychologist

Question 4

When an individual feels that she does not have the adequate resources needed to cope with the ongoing challenges or demands in her life,she would probably experience __________ stress.

A) immediate
B) chronic
C) acute
D) insipid

Question 5

The major finding of Walter Cannon's research into the physiological consequences of stress was that

A) psychological stress can cause a change in physical functioning that activates and assists our responses.
B) psychological stress is the number one factor in the cause of heart disease.
C) psychological stress, in small amounts, actually promotes cellular repair more rapidly than when that stress is absent.
D) psychological stress causes the hormonal changes that mirror menopause in women and andropause in men, which is why stress so often leaves people "moody" and unpleasant.

Question 6

Maria is a(n)__________ psychologist.She is engaged in research that explores the extent to which various factors of inner city living - water quality,noise pollution,crime,air pollution - affect the physical and psychological health of the residents of those areas.

A) biopsychosocial
B) health
C) environmental
D) urban

Question 7

In 1930,endocrinologist __________ proposed the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)model that explains the body's three-stage physiological response to the presence of stress

A) Walter Cannon
B) Hans Selye
C) Ishmael Golatz
D) Laurente di Maroni

Question 8

Which of the following is one of the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

A) sensorimotor
B) interpretation
C) exhaustion
D) stabilization

Question 9

_________ psychology is the psychologically based aspect of behavioral medicine.

A) Health
B) Preventative
C) Proactive
D) Mind-Body

Question 10

Despite popular misconception,stress can actually be good for you and serve positive functions.The stress that we experience in response to positive events is called __________.

A) adaptive stress
B) distress
C) eustress
D) positive stress

Question 11

__________ is a prolonged,negative type of stress characterized by a challenge being perceived as a daunting obstacle.

A) Eustress
B) Insurmountable stress
C) Distress
D) Obstructive stress

Question 12

Almost ___% of Americans report experiencing frequent stress,with the same number reporting occasional stress in their live

A) 95
B) 70
C) 55
D) 40

Question 13

A __________ is a stimulus - an event,a person,an object,a situation - that we perceive as threatening and/or challenging.

A) hurdle
B) stressor
C) major life event
D) hassle

Question 14

__________ is a low-level,positive type of stress that helps a person perform a task or achieve a goal.

A) Distress
B) Reactive stress
C) Adaptive stress
D) Eustress

Question 15

Kenny and Lenny are twin brothers who are taking the same high school English class.The teacher,Mr.Busch,assigns each a novel and instructs them to write a ten-page paper deconstructing the literary significance of their book.Kenny feels that this is a great challenge and a wonderful opportunity to demonstrate his creative and analytic abilities.Lenny feels overwhelmed by the sheer length of the assignment,and has no idea how he is going to tackle this huge paper.Kenny is experiencing ___________ while Lenny is experiencing __________.

A) distress; eustress
B) positive stress; negative stress
C) eustress; distress
D) constructive stress; destructive stress

Question 16

According to your textbook,which of the following is among the four leading causes of serious illness and death and is worsened by the presence of psychological stress?

A) AIDS
B) Chronic lung disease
C) Diabetes
D) Obesity

Question 17

__________ medicine is an interdisciplinary approach to medical treatment that integrates behavioral,medical,and social knowledge to increase life expectancy and enhance quality of life.

A) Biopsychosocial
B) Psychiatric
C) Eclectic
D) Behavioral

Question 18

Natalya has received phone call that her child is sick at school and needs to be picked up.Natalya is suddenly very flustered as she struggles to think of how she is going to get coverage at work,get to her child's school,and perhaps make an appointment with her doctor,all in just a few minutes.The stress that Natalya feels to this challenging set of circumstances could best be described as __________ stress.

A) acute
B) intrinsic
C) chronic
D) extrinsic

Question 19

__________ psychology is a field that explores and investigates the extent to which factors in a person's surroundings affect their behavior and health.

A) Environmental
B) Eclectic
C) Behavioral
D) Evolutionary

Question 20

The term "fight-or-flight response" was dubbed by American psychologist __________.

A) Walter Cannon
B) William James
C) Francis Sumner
D) Mary Carver

Question 21

__________ heart disease is a condition characterized by the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle.

A) Coronary
B) Mitral valve
C) Pulmonary
D) First degree

Question 22

A study of tax accountants' cholesterol levels around April 15th (tax day)in the 1950s found that

A) increasing stress has a definitive and identifiable unhealthy effect on a person's physiological functioning.
B) cholesterol went up only in those accountants who ate in unhealthy manners during tax season.
C) cholesterol actually dropped to dangerous levels in the accountants who worked more than 12 hours per day preparing clients' returns.
D) There is no relationship between stress and cholesterol. Cholesterol is determined exclusively by what you eat.

Question 23

A __________ is an unpredictable,large-scale event that can lead to significant levels of problematic stress and anxiety.

A) hassle
B) disaster
C) major life event
D) catastrophe

Question 24

The Tsunami in Indonesia,the devastation of Hurricane Katrina,and the events of September 11,2001 are all examples of __________.

A) hassles
B) stressors
C) burnout
D) catastrophes

Question 25

Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome might explain why college students tend to experience a higher rate of absenteeism from class around midterm and final exam time each semester?

A) Resistance
B) Alarm
C) Exhaustion
D) Surrender

Question 26

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between stress and significant life events?

A) Research has shown that the stress caused by positive life events is nearly non-existent when compared to the stress caused by negative or bad life events.
B) Research has demonstrated that getting married, having a child, and losing a job are, in that order, the top three stressors reported by most adults.
C) Significant life events can cause significant stress, even if they are good or positive life events.
D) Significant life events can be more easily described as daily hassles.

Question 27

__________ is a state of physical,emotional,and mental exhaustion created by long-term involvement in an emotionally demanding situation and accompanied by lowered performance and motivation.

A) Burnout
B) Exhaustion
C) Eustress
D) Distress

Question 28

Even though hassles are thought of as minor inconveniences that lead to a small amount of stress,research suggests that they can build up and cause significant psychological or physical symptoms.In addition,the presence of __________ factors like living in an impoverished or high-crime neighborhood can compound the effect of hassles on an individual.

A) occupational
B) socioeconomic
C) educational
D) atypical

Question 29

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States of American according to a 2001 study?

A) Cancer
B) Homicide/suicide
C) Accidents
D) Heart disease

Question 30

Of the ten leading causes of death in the United States of America,which of the following is not on the list?

A) Medical errors
B) Kidney disease
C) Diabetes
D) Suicide

Question 31

Luanne is a very driven woman.She is a successful attorney who graduated from law school at the top of her class.She made partner in a law firm within 5 years of graduating from law school,and she works 60-70 hours a week without fail.Vacations are a rarity for her,and even when she goes she is glued to her laptop and blackberry,checking in on business she is missing.Luanne might be described as having a __________ personality.

A) type I
B) type II
C) type A
D) type B

Question 32

Orlando has been having difficulties at work for the past several months.As the stress has increased,he has slowly been spending less and less time with his colleagues,staying in his office for lunch instead of socializing in the lunchroom.He also tends to use his sick days more readily when he anticipates that there is going to be an issue or a problem at work that day.Orlando is demonstrating which of the following unhealthy reactions to the stress at his job?

A) Withdrawal
B) Flight
C) Fight
D) Denial

Question 33

What physiological factors of those with type A personalities seems to be related to their increased level of heart disease?

A) The fact that type A appears mostly in men, and the XY chromosome type has genes that make a man more susceptible to heart disease than women.
B) The genetic cause of type A personality is highly linked to the genetic cause of heart disease.
C) The increased physiological reactivity to being harassed, challenged, or threatened.
D) The fact that type A personality cause increased serotonergic activity in the brain, which leads to increased blood flow through the heart. This flow leaves excess deposits that lead to heart disease.

Question 34

Rosalie is a rather easy-going kind of woman.She works hard when she's at the office,but she refuses to do more than 40 hours of work per week.She knows that she could earn more money if she worked harder but she really values time at home with her husband and children.She likes to garden,listen to music,and sip wine while sitting on her deck during a sunset.Rosalie even turns off her cell phone during the weekends so that she won't be bothered.Rosalie has a __________ personality.

A) type A
B) type AB
C) type B
D) type C

Question 35

Eriq works at a family shelter where he helps find beds,clean clothes,and food for family members who need a safe shelter.He deals with dozens of women,children,and sometimes men on a weekly basis,and sometimes he has difficulty feeling happy in his life because of all of the pain that he sees.Eriq is in danger of experiencing __________ if he doesn't find ways to adaptively and appropriately deal with his job-related stress.

A) burnout
B) eustress
C) distress
D) exhaustion

Question 36

Social psychologist __________ developed the "tend and befriend" theory,which was meant as an alternative to Walter Cannon's "fight or flight" theory.In this model,people experiencing stress seek out the support and help of others as an adaptive and effective way of dealing with stress.

A) Carl Jung
B) Shelley Taylor
C) Stanley Milgram
D) Elliott Aaronson

Question 37

Monroe and his wife have to deal with the fact that her mother calls their house at least 10 times a day,usually with no important reason for the call.She is a lonely individual,and her calls seem to be about finding something to do.Monroe finds her calls bothersome,but he tries not to let them get to him because deep down he really does love his mother-in-law.In this case,Monroe's mother-in-law might be best described as a(n)__________.

A) hassle
B) stressor
C) significant life event
D) eustress inducer

Question 38

In support of the third stage of the general adaption syndrome,exhaustion research has found which of the following?

A) Young women with increased responsibilities at an early age are more likely to begin menstruating earlier than those without such responsibilities.
B) Men with greater job stress typically have an easier time relaxing during "off time" because their need to unwind is significantly greater than men with less job stress.
C) Research has found that several kinds of cancer can be treated exclusively with psychotherapy designed to enhance calm and relaxation, to the point where medical intervention is unnecessary.
D) Those who suffer from abuse as children grow up to have personalities that are more resilient to stress because they were forced to learn how to cope at an earlier age.

Question 39

Coronary heart disease has been the leading cause of death in North America since the _______.

A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s

Question 40

A _________ is a minor nuisance that,when combined with other small problems,can create a stressful environment.

A) hassle
B) distressor
C) eustressor
D) burnout

Question 41

Research has found that the body's immune system can attack your own body parts,leading to which of the following conditions?

A) Crohn's disease
B) Diabetes
C) Scleroderma
D) Lupus

Question 42

A deficit of B lymphocytes will leave a person susceptible to the dangers of __________ infections.

A) bacterial
B) heavy metal
C) cerebral
D) viral

Question 43

Jevon has a real problem.He constantly calls his doctor for an appointment any time he has even the most minor of physical symptoms.For example,last week he had a scratchy throat and coughed a few times in the morning,so he went to see his doctor in the afternoon worried that he had walking pneumonia.Jevon's situation sounds an awful lot like __________.

A) conversion disorder
B) somatization disorder
C) body dysmorphic disorder
D) hypochondriasis

Question 44

Guadalupe suffers from stress-induced migraines.Whenever she has a particularly bad day at work,she can count on having terrible pain that evening,accompanied by nausea,light-sensitivity,and visual disturbances.Because her symptoms are easily associated with specific psychological stressors,Guadalupe's migraines are an example of a(n)__________ disorder.

A) somatoform
B) hypochondriacal
C) conversion
D) psychophysiological

Question 45

__________ disorder is a somatoform disorder characterized by the sudden,temporary loss of a sensory or motor function.

A) Hypochondriazation
B) Conversion
C) Psychophysiological
D) Somatization

Question 46

Negative emotions,especially __________,contribute to "type A toxicity." Research has found that this emotion is highly correlated with high blood pressure and heart attacks.

A) anger
B) sadness
C) impatience
D) urgency

Question 47

Why is it so important that people living with HIV or AIDS find ways of reducing the stress in their lives?

A) Because this illness compromises the immune system, and having too much stress will further limit the body's ability to fight illness.
B) Because HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, cannot live without a ready supply of adrenaline and noradrenaline to feed on. These are the neurotransmitters that are released by people who have too much stress in their lives.
C) Because the medications used to treat these illness cannot be effective in individuals who have high stress due to the negative interaction of the drugs and cortisol, the stress hormone.
D) Because the treatment of these illnesses requires a strict regimen of medication compliance, and research has shown that those who live with high amounts of stress are more forgetful and therefore more likely to miss a dose of their crucial, life-saving medication.

Question 48

A __________ disorder is a psychological illness characterized by physical symptoms that do not have an identifiable physical cause.

A) somatogenic
B) dissociative
C) somatoform
D) schizophreniform

Question 49

Morgan is a medical school student who is scheduled to do his first day of a surgical rotation.He doesn't especially want to do surgery,and he is relatively frightened of the prospect of being in the surgical room.The morning of his first day,he develops a sudden case of blindness which clearly makes it impossible for him to handle his responsibilities.Morgan is distressed about the loss of his eyesight and is not faking it,but there is no physical explanation for his blindness.Which of the following is the best diagnosis for Morgan's situation?

A) Somatization disorder
B) Dysmorphic sensory loss disorder
C) Conversion disorder
D) Somatoform disorder

Question 50

___ lymphocytes are formed in the marrow of bones,and they are responsible for fighting bacterial infections.

A) B
B) T
C) A
D) X

Question 51

A lymphocyte is a type of __________ blood cell that plays a role in our body's immune system.

A) basilar
B) white
C) red
D) killer-T

Question 52

What is the relationship between stress and the functioning of your body's immune system?

A) Research has failed to identify a real relationship between these two factors.
B) Increase stress compromises our immune system's ability to do its job fighting illness.
C) When our immune system fails we get sick, which causes us to experience more stress.
D) Stress causes us to get sick, which activates our immune system

Question 53

T lymphocytes are formed in your lymphatic tissue and in what organ located in your chest?

A) The heart
B) The thymus
C) The lungs
D) The liver

Question 54

What is the reason why people with HIV/AIDS often die?

A) The illness makes people susceptible to meningitis, which in turn shuts down the body's ability to produce the lymphocytes that are used to ward off bacterial and viral illness.
B) The virus attacks the liver and pancreas which together produce insulin and bile. You cannot live without these two substances, so as the illness further damages these organs, life cannot be sustained by the body.
C) The illness compromises the body's ability to fight illness, so the patient dies of other sickness or disease.
D) The virus causes cancer, most notably of the colon, rectum, and testicles, and these very dangerous forms of cancer explain why so many more men die of HIV/AIDS as compared to women.

Question 55

A person afflicted with __________ becomes so preoccupied with minor symptoms that he or she develops an exaggerated belief that the symptoms are indicative of major,life-threatening disease.

A) somatization disorder
B) hypochondriasis
C) Rhett's syndrome
D) conversion disorder

Question 56

Which of the following diagnoses is marked by the presence of multiple physical complaints all occurring simultaneously,each with no identifiable physical explanation?

A) Obsessive-Compulsive disorder
B) Conversion disorder
C) Somatization disorder
D) Hypochondriasis

Question 57

Women are generally less vulnerable to infections but more vulnerable to auto-immune,or self-attacking,disease.Why?

A) Because women tend to have stronger immune systems than men.
B) Because women engage in more health-damaging behaviors than men.
C) Because estrogen and auto-immune diseases are highly correlated.
D) Because women have the genetic marker for auto-immune susceptibility.

Question 58

What kinds of lymphocytes are responsible for fighting cancer cells,viruses,and foreign substances?

A) B lymphocytes
B) basophilic lymphocytes
C) T lyphocytes
D) White lymphocytes

Question 59

Imelda recently received a liver transplant due to a congenital problem with her own liver.All was going well until her body started attacking the transplanted cells.Even though she was given anti-rejection medications,the __________ in her body thought that the new organ was a foreign invader,and thus went about attacking and destroying the new organ.Clearly,Imelda now has a very serious health issue that could be lethal.

A) basophils
B) histamines
C) T lymphocytes
D) B lymphocytes

Question 60

What is the major distinction between a somatoform disorder and a psychophysiological illness?

A) A somatoform disorder has no identifiable physical cause, while psychophysiological illnesses do have physical explanations and are made worse by the presence of psychological stress.
B) Somatoform disorders and psychophysiological illnesses are two names for the same condition. The former is the label that used to be applied, with the latter being the current correct term.
C) A psychophysiological illness has no identifiable physical cause, while somatoform disorders do have physical explanations and are made worse by the presence of psychological stress.
D) Somatoform disorders last for up to 3 months. After 3 months, the diagnosis is changed to a psychophysiological illness.

Question 61

__________ coping is a coping strategy that involves maintaining an artificially positive viewpoint and trying not to think about a stressor.

A) Repressive
B) Reframed
C) Anticipatory
D) Defensive

Question 62

What is the main distinction between somatization disorder and hypochondriasis?

A) A person with hypochondriasis does not generally exaggerate the severity of their symptoms, which is a quality often seen in people with somatization disorder.
B) Somatization disorder involves multiple physical complaints while hypochondriasis involves only one major loss of function.
C) Hypochondriasis involves multiple physical complaints while somatization disorder involves only one major loss of function.
D) A person with somatization disorder does not generally exaggerate the severity of their symptoms, which is a quality often seen in people with hypochondriasis.

Question 63

A(n)__________ strategy is a strategy that helps a person reduce or minimize the effects of stressors.

A) reactive
B) adaptive
C) defense
D) coping

Question 64

Jennifer has learned that her boss is very unhappy with her performance on a recent project.She also knows that the company has been in trouble lately,and that people are in danger of losing her job.Which of the following would be the best example of a rational coping response from Jennifer?

A) Jennifer goes to her boss, discusses the deficits in her performance, and gets feedback on how to improve.
B) Jennifer makes sure to avoid seeing her boss, because if she cannot be found than she cannot be fired.
C) Jennifer scrambles to get coworkers who are friends to agree to "share" the blame for the deficient work, so that everyone can't be fired at once.
D) Jennifer takes a day off, works on the project at home to try to improve it, and then hopes to submit it without her boss realizing that she redid the work.

Question 65

Once an individual determines that the stressor in his or her life is significant enough to require some response,they will engage in a __________ appraisal,in which their stress-coping resources are evaluated to determine the extent to which they will be able to handle or deal with the stressor.

A) proactive
B) defensive
C) secondary
D) reactive

Question 66

A(n)__________ appraisal of a stressor is an initial assessment of the seriousness of the stressor and the extent to which it will make demands of our coping resources.

A) redactive
B) primary
C) inductive
D) deductive

Question 67

__________ is a coping strategy that involves finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor that reduces its threat.

A) Rationalizing
B) Denial
C) Reframing
D) Repressive coping

Question 68

Have you ever heard someone say "I'll jump off that bridge when I come to it?" This refers to a person who does not want to deal with a problem until that problem needs to be dealt with.On the other hand,people who engage in __________ attempt to foresee stressors before they occur or before they get too serious,and take steps to prevent them before they are huge problems.

A) rational coping
B) repressive coping
C) anticipatory coping
D) emotion-focused coping

Question 69

Barry is camping in the woods by himself when he hears a rustle in the bushes behind him.He turns to find a hungry and curious bear just ten feet from where he is standing.If Barry is using __________-focused coping,he will attempt to frighten the bear off so that the danger is eliminated.

A) repressive
B) emotion
C) problem
D) cognitive

Question 70

Barry is camping in the woods by himself when he hears a rustle in the bushes behind him.He turns to find a hungry and curious bear just ten feet from where he is standing.If Barry is using __________-focused coping,he will try very hard to control his fear,avoid panicking,and will slowly and cautiously back away from the bear.

A) problem
B) emotion
C) solution
D) adaptive

Question 71

Marlon was driving along one night when he heard a sharp pop from the inside of his car's engine.Within moments steam began billowing out from under the hood of the car.Marlon thought to himself,"This is going to be a problem.Not many cars come down this road at night,and I don't have a cell phone." Marlon's initial assessment of the stressor is called a(n)__________ appraisal.

A) primary
B) inoculation
C) immediate
D) instinctive

Question 72

When we make a(n)__________ appraisal of a stressor,we thoughtfully interpret and evaluate it,attempting to gather as much information as we can about it.

A) comprehensive
B) psychosocial
C) affective
D) cognitive

Question 73

While stress and its effects on illness are generally thought of as negative or undesirable things,there is a benefit to those who suffer from increased stress being extra aware of the symptoms in their bodies.What is it?

A) They tend to see their doctor faster when they experience stress, so if they do have a serious illness early detection and early treatment are more likely.
B) Stress creates an increase in natural killer T cells and basophils, which are effective at fighting off some strains of serious illness, including malaria, Lyme disease, and multiple sclerosis.
C) People who experience this much stress often avoid seeing their doctors because they do not want to find out that they have a problem. This frees up the doctor to spend her or his time seeing patients with real problems.
D) Stress helps to keep people "on edge," which is when the heart functions most effectively.

Question 74

Marlon was driving along one night when he heard a sharp pop from the inside of his car's engine.Within moments steam began billowing out from under the hood of the car.Marlon thought to himself,"This is going to be a problem,but it sounds like a gasket blew and I have the tools to fix it in the trunk.If I can't get it fixed,I can use my cell phone to call a friend or a tow truck." Marlon's assessment of his ability to deal with the stressor is called a(n)__________ appraisal.

A) inductive
B) reactive
C) secondary
D) primary

Question 75

In __________-focused coping,an individual will attempt to alleviate stress by avoiding the stressor and soothing stress-related emotions.

A) cognitive
B) emotion
C) withdrawal
D) escape

Question 76

Which of the following is not a type of strategy for alleviating the effects of stressors?

A) Emotional approaches
B) Cognitive approaches
C) Social approaches
D) Behavioral approaches

Question 77

__________-focused coping is a strategy that involves a person attempting to alleviate stress directly,either by eliminating the source of a stressor or by changing the way he or she behaves in stressful situations.

A) Behavior
B) Emotion
C) Adaption
D) Problem

Question 78

__________ coping is a coping strategy that involves facing a stressor directly and working to overcome it.

A) Reactive
B) Emotion-focused
C) Problem-focused
D) Rational

Question 79

Upon receiving his second failing grade of the semester,Harold decides that this course is really not that important,and although it is too late to withdraw he can just take it again next semester.Harold is __________ the situation so that it does not feel so threatening or stressful for him.

A) reframing
B) rationalizaing
C) denying
D) projecting

Question 80

Which of the following terms is the best analogy for "ignoring the pink elephant in the room?"

A) Anticipatory coping
B) Reframing
C) Repressive coping
D) Problem-focused coping