Deck 17: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Anat is seeing a psychotherapist for recent onset symptoms of depression.As the therapist is doing her initial evaluation,she learns that Anat and her boyfriend recently broke up,and that Anat has been taking the end of that relationship with great difficulty.Which of the DSM-IV-TR axes would be used to chart this clinically important information?

A) Axis V
B) Axis III
C) Axis IV
D) Axis II

Answer 1

Axis IV

Question 2

Angela has been diagnosed with schizophrenia.She is in her late teens,is experiencing her first psychotic episode,and has been hospitalized.Her parents have given consent for treatment with medications,and intend to follow up with carefully trained physicians and therapists to get psychotherapy,education,and medication.If they are very conscientious about her care,and if Angela is an active and willing participant in her own treatment,she should be able to manage her illness and lead a productive and happy life.This anticipated outcome of an illness is called a(n)__________.

A) prediction
B) prognosis
C) concordance plan
D) treatment plan

Answer 2

prognosis

Question 3

Gene is being trained in the ability to give a psychological __________,which means to assign a label for a person's mental disorder assigned by identifying and classifying patterns of behavior.

A) evaluation
B) prognosis
C) diagnosis
D) assessment

Answer 3

diagnosis

Question 4

The DSM-IV-TR requires a diagnosis to provide information on ____ categories.

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

Question 5

Britney is studying psychological disorders,including their symptoms,how they are diagnosed,and how they might be treated.Britney is most likely taking which of the following college classes?

A) Developmental psychology
B) Social psychology
C) Psychopsychiatry
D) Abnormal psychology

Question 6

Which of the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic axes would be used to indicate the presence of a general medical condition that significantly impacts an individual's mental health?

A) Axis V
B) Axis IV
C) Axis III
D) Axis VI

Question 7

Which of the following psychological conditions would be charted on Axis II of a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis?

A) Major depressive disorder
B) Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
C) Borderline personality disorder
D) Asperger syndrome

Question 8

A __________ is a characteristic of thought or behavior that indicates a potential mental disorder.

A) syndrome
B) symptom
C) sign
D) pathology

Question 9

Anna has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder,in this case obsessive-compulsive disorder,and a case of alcohol abuse.Which of the following terms best describes her clinical situation?

A) Symptom-syndrome interaction
B) Prognosis
C) Dual diagnosis
D) Comorbidity

Question 10

Which of the following psychological conditions would not be charted on Axis I of a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis?

A) Mental retardation, mild
B) Hypochondriasis
C) Anorexia nervosa, non-purging type
D) Agoraphobia

Question 11

Which of the following is one of the criteria for defining a mental disorder as spelled out in the DSM-IV-TR?

A) The disturbances involve short-term, acute distress.
B) The disturbances are best explained by poverty, prejudice, or other social forces.
C) The disturbances are viewed by mental health professionals as harmful, deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional.
D) The disturbances have a rapid onset and are a marked change from recent functioning.

Question 12

A combination of interrelated symptoms observed in an individual is called a __________.

A) differential
B) cluster
C) syndrome
D) diagnosis

Question 13

Which of the two following types of diagnoses are combined when a psychiatric patient receives a dual diagnosis?

A) Any two distinctly different mental disorders
B) Major depression and any psychotic disorder
C) Any mental disorder and any physiological disorder
D) Any mental disorder and substance abuse

Question 14

Simultaneously suffering from two different mental disorders is called __________.

A) comorbidity
B) contadiagnoses
C) interdiagnostic contagion
D) a dual diagnosis

Question 15

Which psychiatrist has written that mental illness is a myth,and that only the physical body can be affected by disease?

A) Barbara Moradi
B) Kendrell Dormman
C) Thomas Szasz
D) David Rosenhan

Question 16

In 1973,psychologist David Rosenhan conducted a study designed to determine whether psychiatric professionals could accurately determine who is and who is not mentally ill.He instructed his confederates to claim that they were hearing voices saying certain words,in an attempt to be admitted to a psychiatric hospital.Which of the following was one of the words that his confederates claimed that they heard?

A) hollow
B) president
C) brrzapp
D) bang

Question 17

Why,according to psychiatrist Thomas Szasz,are people who are labeled as being mentally ill "locked away?"

A) Simply because they behave differently than most other people.
B) Because they are perceived as posing a threat to society.
C) Because they are not able to make any real substantive contribution to society.
D) Simply because society needs a scapegoat, and the more "mentally ill" people we lock up, the more satisfied we are with our own lives.

Question 18

Which of the following is the title of the book that classifies psychological disorders and lists the symptoms of each diagnosis?

A) The Stafford Handbook of Psychiatric Diagnosis
B) The Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders
C) The International Mental Illness Tome
D) The American Standard Diagnostic Encyclopedia

Question 19

Psychologist Stewart Page had an associate who called 180 people who had advertised __________,but when they found out that the person calling was "about to be released from a mental health facility," they were suddenly quick to become distant.This study demonstrated the pervasiveness of stigma attached to mental illness in the 1970s.

A) job openings
B) rooms for rent
C) the need for a babysitter
D) a desire to purchase a vehicle

Question 20

The study of disorders of mind,mood,and behavior is called __________.

A) health psychology
B) psychopathology
C) psychiatry
D) teratology

Question 21

Recently,noted movie stars Brooke Shields and Gwyneth Paltrow have both publicly discussed their struggles with __________,demonstrating that the public fear and stigma attached to psychological problems has diminished significantly in recent decades.

A) postpartum depression
B) agoraphobia
C) eating disorders
D) schizophrenia

Question 22

Which of the following psychological illnesses is diagnosed more in men than in women?

A) Schizophrenia
B) Phobias
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 23

A __________cause is a consequence of a disorder that helps the disorder continue once it has manifested.

A) perpetuating
B) precipitating
C) predictive
D) predisposing

Question 24

Barbara suffers from alcoholism,but has been "clean and sober" for over a year.Yesterday she found out that her mother has a terminal disease,and she also found out that her company is downsizing and that she may lose her job,leaving her in very serious financial jeopardy.These distressing events that might lead Barbara back to having a drink would be considered __________ causes.

A) premorbid
B) precipitating
C) perpetuating
D) predisposing

Question 25

A culture-bound syndrome that is found primarily in Japan is called Tajin Kyofusho.Which diagnosis found in the DSM-IV-TR is this most similar to?

A) Social phobia
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Psychoactive substance dependence
D) Night terror disorder

Question 26

The basic premise behind the __________ approach is that thought processes contribute to our understanding of reality,and thus treatment would focus on identifying and revising those thought processes.

A) psychoanalytic
B) behavioral
C) biopsychosocial
D) cognitive

Question 27

Dr.Rogers is a psychologist who utilizes the __________ approach in psychotherapy.He concentrates on observable actions that can be directly measured and recorded.He would be likely to use the theories of learning to help bring about positive,therapeutic change in clients.

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) humanistic
D) behavioral

Question 28

The __________ model of psychopathology is the concept that psychological abnormalities are diseases that,like biological diseases,have symptoms,causes and cures.

A) medical
B) biopsychosocial
C) biological
D) psychoanalytic

Question 29

Which of the following explanations has been offered to explain the fact that women are more often diagnosed with depression and anxiety than men?

A) Women produce more estrogen than do men, and it is well-documented that estrogen has a greater impact on the emotional centers of the brain (in the limbic system) that lead to these disorders.
B) In Western society, women are "allowed" to discuss their feelings, which leads to a greater incidence of diagnosis.
C) Women are more severely affected by societal pressures, which leads them down the path of mental disorder far more readily than men.
D) Women are more likely to be unemployed, leading to a sense of learned helplessness that is so crucial to the development of anxiety and depression.

Question 30

Which of the following culture-bound syndrome refers to the fear that one's external genitals (for men)or breasts (for women)are retracting into their body,which will eventually cause death?

A) Koro
B) Enhorata
C) Tajin Kyofusho
D) Hyuki Shona

Question 31

Which of the following would be considered an example of a predisposing cause of a mental disorder?

A) A difficult day at work
B) A birth defect
C) A recently ended relationship
D) Winning the lottery

Question 32

A __________ cause is an event in a person's day-to-day life that brings on the symptoms of a particular disorder.

A) premorbid
B) perpetuating
C) predisposing
D) precipitating

Question 33

In some South American cultures,it is not uncommon for people to recreate the crucifixion of Jesus Christ by nailing their own hands to a cross during Easter.In the United States,this behavior might cause a person to be hospitalized for having a serious mental illness; however,in a different setting this is considered acceptable behavior.This demonstrates the concept of cultural __________.

A) relativity
B) happenstance
C) significance
D) differentiation

Question 34

__________ causes are existing underlying factors that make an individual particularly susceptible to a certain disorder.

A) Perpetuating
B) Precipitating
C) Predisposing
D) Premorbid

Question 35

One of the problems with substance abuse and dependence is that people with these difficulties often continue using their drug of choice to avoid withdrawal symptoms,rather than specifically to achieve the high that the drug brings.This consequence of a person's disorder is called a __________ cause,because it keeps the disorder going once it has started.

A) predisposing
B) premorbid
C) perpetuating
D) precipitating

Question 36

Which model of psychopathology represents the greatest combination of theoretical backgrounds?

A) The biopsychosocial approach
B) The cognitive approach
C) The psychoanalytic approach
D) The behavioral approach

Question 37

Which of the following "treatments" was used during the Middle Ages to help cure a person of madness?

A) exercise
B) burning
C) electroconvulsive (shock) therapy
D) psychotropic medications

Question 38

Cultural __________ refers to the need to consider the individual characteristics of a culture in which a person with a disorder was raised in order to diagnose and treat the disorder.

A) relativity
B) assessment
C) evaluation
D) perpetuation

Question 39

Which of the following psychological disorders is rarely diagnosed outside of North America and Western Europe?

A) Postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis
B) Agoraphobia and claustrophobia
C) Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
D) Kleptomania and pyromania

Question 40

A clinician using the __________ approach looks for physical problems as a root cause of psychological disorders,including brain abnormalities,biochemical processes,or hereditary factors.

A) biological
B) neurogenerative
C) cognitive
D) behavioral

Question 41

A __________ attack is marked by an intense feeling of terror,accompanied by physical symptoms like chest pain,shortness of breath,heart palpitations,and sweating.

A) general anxious
B) agoraphobic
C) panic
D) obsessive-compulsive

Question 42

__________ disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person feels driven to think disturbing thoughts or to perform senseless rituals.

A) Panic
B) Major depressive
C) Impulse control
D) Obsessive-compulsive

Question 43

What is the difference between an obsession and a compulsion?

A) An obsession is experienced privately, while a compulsion is evident to others.
B) An obsession is a thought, while a compulsion is a behavior.
C) An obsession is a behavior, while a compulsion is a thought.
D) An obsession is evident to others, while a compulsion is experienced privately.

Question 44

__________ are persistent,irrational fears of specific objects,activities,or situations.

A) Phobias
B) Panic attacks
C) Anxiety disorders
D) Compulsions

Question 45

Which of the following areas of the brain have not been shown to have unusually high activity in people who suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A) the basal ganglia
B) the striate nuclei
C) parts of the limbic system
D) the frontal lobe

Question 46

Which of the following environmental influences have not been shown to initiate the onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A) Disease
B) Dietary deficiency
C) Trauma
D) Poison

Question 47

Marlon has been a professional singer for several years,but recently he has developed a fear of doing something on stage that would cause him intense embarrassment or humiliation.His symptoms have gotten so severe that he has been considering canceling his current schedule of concerts so that he doesn't have to face his difficulties.Marlon might be best diagnosed with

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) social phobia
D) agoraphobia

Question 48

According to the DSM-IV-TR,approximately ___% of individuals will develop generalized anxiety disorder at some point in their lives.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 10

Question 49

According to recent research,approximately one in ____ soldiers suffer from depression or PTSD following service in Iraq or Afghanistan.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 100

Question 50

Psychologist ___________ suggests that people are genetically predisposed to be wary of objects and situations that pose realistic threats to their safety.

A) Jonathan Richard
B) Josephine Lewis
C) Martin Seligman
D) Joseph Wolpe

Question 51

Steve is constantly nervous and worried.He cannot identify what it is that makes him upset,and he has difficulty sleeping and occasional stomach problems.The best diagnosis for Steve would be __________.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) phobic disorder
D) panic disorder

Question 52

Which of the following is not one of the symptoms commonly seen in those suffering from PTSD?

A) Emotional numbing
B) Sleeplessness
C) Significant weight gain
D) High arousal

Question 53

__________ stress disorder refers to an anxiety disorder caused by experiencing or witnessing out-of-control events with feelings of helplessness and fear.

A) Traumatically repressed
B) Vicarious observed
C) Externalized
D) Post-traumatic

Question 54

The intense fear of having a panic attack in a public setting or situation may lead to fear of crowds,unfamiliar places,or situations from where escape may be difficult.This condition,which often accompanies panic disorder,is called __________.

A) avoidant personality disorder
B) social anxiety disorder
C) agoraphobia
D) social phobia

Question 55

Women are far more likely than men to develop PTSD at some point in their life,and this divide increases significantly if the woman was subjected to the traumatic event prior to the age of ___ years.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25

Question 56

Gerald has a constant thought that he has germs on his hands,and the longer he ruminates about this the more uncomfortable he gets.If he cannot get to a sink and wash with hot water and soap,he begins to feel that not only is he "dirty" but also that he is "contaminated." In this clinical example,the thoughts that invade Gerald's life are called __________.

A) compulsions
B) obsessions
C) pervasions
D) fantasies

Question 57

A(n)__________ disorder is a mental disorder in which a person feels stress and/or worry all of the time without any identifiable reason.

A) stress-related
B) mood
C) eating
D) anxiety

Question 58

Sam has recently returned from a tour of duty overseas.While he was stationed abroad,he saw a fair share of combat,including the death of three of his fellow platoon-mates.Sam has been having several symptoms since he returned,including sleeplessness,irritability,flashbacks,and a loss of interest in being around his friends and family.Which of the following diagnoses would be most appropriate for Sam's condition?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Panic disorder
C) Post-traumatic stress disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 59

Of the following psychological diagnoses,which has the highest frequency of diagnosis in women?

A) Major depression
B) Alcohol abuse or dependence
C) Phobias
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 60

Approximately __________ of people diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder are women.

A) one quarter
B) one-third
C) one half
D) two-thirds

Question 61

The most dangerous symptom of major depressive disorder is __________.

A) disturbance in appetite
B) agranulocytosis
C) sleep interruptions
D) thoughts of suicide

Question 62

Which psychologist is credited with conceptualizing those who suffer from depression as having a negative cognitive style that leads to inappropriate assumptions and generalizations,all of which tend to reinforce a person's symptoms of depression?

A) Martin Seligman
B) Aaron Beck Ellis
C) Alfred Adler
D) Albert Ellis

Question 63

Which of the following is not one of the diagnoses that fall under the category of types of clinical depression?

A) Seasonal affective disorder
B) Dysthymia
C) Double depression
D) Affective inhibition disorder

Question 64

If a person experiences an episode of hypomania that is immediately followed by a depressive episode,they would be best diagnosed with ___________.

A) cyclothymia
B) bipolar I disorder
C) rapid cycle disorder
D) bipolar II disorder I disorder

Question 65

People suffering from a(n)__________ disorder regularly experience extreme emotional states.

A) anxiety
B) vacillating
C) mood
D) dissociative

Question 66

A negative __________ style describes a pattern of negative or pessimistic thoughts.

A) attributional
B) affective
C) cognitive
D) behavioral

Question 67

What does the term "schizophrenia" mean?

A) Split personality
B) Split reality
C) Split mind
D) Split identity

Question 68

It is,in fact,possible for a person to meet the diagnostic criteria for both dysthymia and major depressive disorder simultaneously.When this happens,the appropriate diagnosis would be __________.

A) major dysthymic disorder
B) double depression dysthymic disorder
C) major depressive disorder, complex features
D) depressothymic disorder

Question 69

The symptoms of major depressive disorder must last for at least __________,while the symptoms of dysthymia must last for at least __________.

A) 3 months; 6 months
B) 2 weeks; 2 years
C) 2 months; 12 months
D) 1 month; 1 year

Question 70

Aliya has been suffering from changes in her mood recently.She goes from a "normal" mood state to a mildly elevated mood where she seems to be more creative and energetic.She is still able to function when these elevations in mood occur,but they do seem odd given her history of being a very even and level person.Aliya is experiencing bouts of __________.

A) mania
B) rapid cycling
C) dysthymia
D) hypomania

Question 71

Which of the following symptoms is not likely to be seen in a person suffering from mania?

A) Decreased need for sleep
B) Enhanced energy
C) Poor judgment
D) Increased physical strength

Question 72

A sense of powerlessness underlies the theory of learned helplessness and its contribution to the symptoms of depression.This theory was researched and explained by __________.

A) Martin Seligman
B) Aaron Beck
C) Paul Glasser
D) Fritz Perls

Question 73

A __________ is a persistent false belief.

A) hallucination
B) neologism
C) psychosis
D) delusion

Question 74

In order for an individual to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder,(s)he must show signs of severe depressive symptoms for a period of at least __________.

A) 1 week
B) 2 weeks
C) 1 month
D) 2 months

Question 75

The _____ of the brain is to positive emotions as the ____ of the brain is to negative emotions.

A) parietal lobe; frontal lobe
B) right hemisphere; left hemisphere
C) frontal lobe; parietal lobe
D) left hemisphere; right hemisphere

Question 76

In order for a person with bipolar disorder to be described as going through rapid cycling,he or she must experience

A) four or more episodes of mania or depression in one year.
B) six or more episodes of mania or depression in six months.
C) three or more episodes of mania or depression in one month.
D) three or more episodes of mania or depression in three months.

Question 77

__________ is a period of euphoria characterized by elevated self-esteem,increased talkativeness,enhanced energy,and a decreased need for sleep.

A) Mania
B) Hypomania
C) Dysthymia
D) Rapid cycling

Question 78

__________ disorder is a mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes of depressed and manic states.

A) Diaffective
B) Cyclothymic
C) Bipolar
D) Diathetic

Question 79

Which dietary supplement may help relieve the symptoms of major depression?

A) Cod Liver oil
B) Black cohash
C) Echinacea
D) Omega-3 fatty acids

Question 80

Research suggests that there may be some genetic contribution to the development of many anxiety disorders,but other studies have found that __________ is/are primarily caused by environmental rather than genetic factors.

A) panic attacks
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) phobias
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder