Deck 18: Psychological Therapies

Question 1

In 1919,the National Committee for Mental Hygiene was co-founded by __________.

A) Francis Cecil Sumner
B) Clifford Beers
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Philippe Pinel

Answer 1

Clifford Beers

Question 2

Dr.Peeples works in a psychology practice where she sees clients with specific mental or behavioral problems.Her goal is to help diagnose and then treat these problems to the betterment of her clients' lives.Dr.Peeples is probably a(n)__________.

A) clinical psychologist
B) abnormal psychologist
C) psychiatric social worker
D) biomedical psychologist

Answer 2

clinical psychologist

Question 3

__________ medication is a type of drug that alleviates symptoms of mental disorders by acting on the bodily processes that may cause those symptoms.

A) Contraindicated
B) Psychoactive
C) Psychoaffective
D) Antidepressant

Answer 3

Psychoactive

Question 4

The two types of antipsychotic drugs that are available are

A) neurogenic and neurotoxic
B) first-generation and second-generation
C) excitatory and inhibitory
D) typical and atypical

Question 5

What is the difference between a 'client' and a 'patient'?

A) A client is the term used to refer to those who have temporary, or acute, problems, while a patient is the term used to refer to those who have long-term, or chronic, problems.
B) A client is treated with psychotherapy alone, while a patient is treated with medication alone.
C) A patient is treated from a biomedical approach, while a client s treated by a professional who considers their pathology to be a "problem of living," rather than an illness.
D) A client is someone who is seen by an attorney, while a patient is seen by a physician or psychologist.

Question 6

In the past few decades,much of the focus in the field of psychiatric treatment has shifted toward __________ care - taking measures to help people avoid developing mental health illness in the first place.

A) proactive
B) ancillary
C) preventative
D) tertiary

Question 7

From the middle ages right up through the 17th century (and beyond,in some cultures),people with mental disorders were considered to be

A) possessed by the devil or evil spirits.
B) spiritually enlightened and in touch with God because of their unusual psychic visions.
C) physically ill and in need of treatment, because mental illness was not distinguished from physical illness.
D) in need of education, because mental illness simply reflected a lack of basic knowledge of the real world.

Question 8

A __________ is a person with a psychological disorder who is being treated using a biomedical approach.

A) consultee
B) patient
C) customer
D) client

Question 9

What would be the primary type of setting where you would find a counselor working?

A) In a private practice
B) In a hospital
C) In a school or institutional setting
D) In a medical practice

Question 10

A(n)__________ is a person with a psychological disorder who is being treated with the view that his or her psychological distress is caused by behavioral issues and faulty thought processes.

A) examinee
B) inpatient
C) client
D) patient

Question 11

Antidepressant,antianxiety,antimanic,and antipsychotic drugs are all forms of __________ medications.

A) psychoactive
B) depressant
C) stimulatory
D) synergistic

Question 12

Jasmine has been suffering from schizophrenia for several years,and her psychiatrist has been trying to find the right medication that will help reduce her symptoms without causing unnecessary side effects.She prescribes a new medication,but within a few weeks Jasmine starts experiencing muscle contractions and 'tics' in her face,tongue,and jaw.This side effect,called __________,can be very serious and suggests that Jasmine's doctor has not yet found the correct medication for this particular individual.

A) agranulocytosis
B) tardive dyskinesia
C) transient ischemic attacks
D) lockjaw

Question 13

__________ psychology is a field of psychology that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of people with specific mental or behavioral problems.

A) Abnormal
B) Psychopathological
C) Clinical
D) Counseling

Question 14

In the middle of the 1950s,the advent of psychotropic medications led to what large scale movement in the mental health industry?

A) The ability of the pharmaceutical industry to claim "victory" over mental illness.
B) The ability of medical insurance companies to start influencing the decisions of treatment professionals.
C) The ability of people to overcome mental illnesses without seeking any sort of psychotherapy at all.
D) The ability of patients in large mental institutions and facilities to be released.

Question 15

What is the main difference between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist?

A) A clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist have similar training backgrounds, but a counseling psychologist's emphasis is on counseling while a clinical psychologist combines research and clinical practice.
B) A clinical psychologist has the training to prescribe medications, while a counseling psychologist does not.
C) A clinical psychologist works in private practice, where a counseling psychologist works in a group practice or in a hospital.
D) A counseling psychologist has a master's degree, while a clinical psychologist holds a doctorate.

Question 16

There are many different kinds of mental health professionals,each with their own unique types of training and specialties.A mental health professional who is a medical doctor with special training in the treatment of psychological disorders and who can prescribe medications is a __________.

A) psychiatric nurse
B) psychiatrist
C) clinical psychologist
D) psychiatric social worker

Question 17

Which of the following was one of the "treatments" used to help those with mental illnesses in centuries past?

A) Hanging them
B) Drowning them
C) Sending them off on a "therapeutic respite"
D) Giving them time away from work

Question 18

The category of psychoactive medications called antipsychotics generally reduces the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders by decreasing the activity of which neurotransmitter?

A) GABA
B) Serotonin
C) Dopamine
D) Acetylcholine

Question 19

Which of the following individuals was a part of the movement to reform treatment of the mentally ill so that it was more humane and caring?

A) Anton Mesmer
B) Edwin Shneidman
C) Clifford Beers
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 20

Over the last 50 years,the study of how medications affect the mind and behavior has flourished.This discipline,called __________,has been a tremendous step forward in the treatment of mental illness.

A) psychiatry
B) abnormal psychology
C) psychopharmacology
D) psychopathology

Question 21

Tracy was seeing Dr.Christian for psychotherapy and for medication.Dr.Christian told her,"One of the reasons that you are having these symptoms is because the serotonin and norepinephrine in your brain is not active enough.I think we should use some medication to give them a kick start!" What kind of medication would Dr.Christian be most likely to prescribe to Tracy?

A) Antimanic medication
B) Antidepressant medication
C) Antianxiety medication
D) Antipsychotic medication

Question 22

Recent research has suggested that there is a relationship between the use of antidepressant medication and suicidal actions in __________.

A) women
B) children
C) young adults
D) the elderly

Question 23

Between SSRI and tricyclic antidepressant medications,which has the greater effectiveness?

A) They tend to have the same effectiveness.
B) Tricyclics are more effective, but SSRIs are more popular because they are less expensive.
C) SSRIs are more effective with women, and Tricyclics are more effective with men.
D) Tricyclics are more effective with women, and SSRIs are more effective with men.

Question 24

Approximately _____ adult in the United States of America suffer from major depressive disorder in any given year.

A) .5 million
B) 1.5 million
C) 15 million
D) 51 million

Question 25

Which neurotransmitters in the brain are most often acted upon by the use of antidepressant medications?

A) serotonin and norepinephrine
B) epinephrine and norepinephrine
C) serotonin and dopamine
D) dopamine and GABA

Question 26

What is the primary limitation of the treatment potential of typical antipsychotic medications?

A) They cause too many side effects as compared to the atypical antipsychotic medications.
B) They can cause facial flushing, called rosacea, which can be very embarrassing.
C) They do not effectively treat the negative symptoms of the psychotic disorders.
D) They cause severe gastrointestinal side effects that can significantly interfere with a patient's life.

Question 27

__________ is a type of medication that works to alleviate the symptoms of mood disorders by altering how certain neurotransmitters - usually serotonin and nonepinephrine - are circulated throughout the brain.

A) Antianxiety
B) Antidepressant
C) Antipsychotic
D) Neuroleptic

Question 28

__________ antipsychotic medications are useful for addressing positive psychotic symptoms,while __________ antipsychotic medications are useful for addressing negative psychotic symptoms.

A) Typical; atypical
B) Excitatory; inhibitory
C) Atypical; typical
D) Inhibitory; excitatory

Question 29

Which of the following anxiety disorders is most likely to be treated with an SSRI medication?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Phobic disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Panic disorder

Question 30

Which of the following public figures/celebrities has publically credited SSRI medication with helping them recover from depression?

A) George Clooney
B) Barbara Walters
C) Rosie O'Donnell
D) George W. Bush

Question 31

Dori goes to her physician complaining of a specific 'set' of psychological symptoms.After giving her a physical examination,the physician agrees to give Dori a prescription for benzodiazepines.From which of the following problems is Dori most likely suffering?

A) Depression
B) Anxiety problems
C) Schizophrenia
D) Muscular tics and tremors

Question 32

Which of the following drugs is an example of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

A) Tofranil
B) Pamelor
C) Paxil
D) Parnate

Question 33

The earliest forms of antidepressant medication,prescribed between the 1960s and 1980s,were __________.

A) SSRIs
B) MAOIs
C) NSAIDs
D) Tricyclics

Question 34

Which of the following is a kind of antidepressant medication?

A) ATAIs
B) MAOIs
C) EMDRs
D) ECTs

Question 35

Wellbutrin and Cymbalta are examples of the newest kind of antidepressants,and they differ from past medications because in addition to affecting serotonin and norepinephrine,they also have an effect on __________.

A) dopamine
B) acetylcholine
C) epinephrine
D) gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 36

MAOIs are one type of antidepressant medication.What does MAOI stand for?

A) Masonellic oxidious inspirators
B) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
C) Monosodium oventium implicators
D) Macroneuronal oxygen interpreters

Question 37

Which of the following neurotransmitters is not affected by the newest "atypical antidepressant" medications?

A) Serotonin
B) Acetylcholine
C) Norepinephrine
D) Dopamine

Question 38

Due to their potentially lethal side effects,__________ are usually a last resort medication for people who have not responded to other types of antidepressants.

A) Tricyclics
B) SSRIs
C) MAOIs
D) NSAIDs

Question 39

Why have benzodiazepines replaced barbiturates as the medication that is most likely to be prescribed to help alleviate the symptoms of some anxiety disorders?

A) Because barbiturates are much easier to overdose on, thus providing an "easy" method for committing suicide.
B) Because barbiturates are so expensive that they can only be afforded by the very rich and affluent members of society.
C) Because barbiturates were found to have a link to cancer of the pancreas and liver.
D) Because barbiturates are far more addictive than are benzodiazepines.

Question 40

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are both types of __________ medication.

A) antidepressant
B) antipsychotic
C) antianxiety
D) anti-bipolar

Question 41

Stefano is suffering from severe depressive symptoms,and has been for over a year.His physician has tried several different psychoactive medications,but either they were not effective or the side-effects were intolerable.His psychologist has attempted several different types of therapy,but his symptoms continue with no real improvement.Stefano has decided to undergo electroconvulsive therapy.Which of the following side effects of ECT should Stefano be most concerned will occur?

A) Some minor loss of hair on his head
B) Temporary deafness
C) Memory loss
D) Dysgeusia (loss of taste)

Question 42

__________ is a treatment method in which parts of the brain are physically/medically altered to treat mental disorders.

A) Psychotherapy
B) Psychosurgery
C) Electroconvulsive therapy
D) The Luxembourg technique

Question 43

The __________ therapies are based on the work and theories of Sigmund Freud.

A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) psychodynamic
D) interventive

Question 44

Which of the following anxiety disorders is most likely to be treated with a benzodiazepine?

A) Phobic disorder
B) Panic disorder
C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) Major depressive disorder

Question 45

__________ is a type of counseling that relates closely to Freudian concepts like the influence of the unconscious.It requires patients to talk to a psychiatrist about their lives while the psychiatrist listens,analyzes,and interprets each word.

A) Psychodynamic psychotherapy
B) Manifest therapy
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Interpersonal therapy

Question 46

Modern electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat __________.

A) severe depression
B) paranoid schizophrenia
C) bipolar II disorder
D) anorexia nervosa

Question 47

__________ psychotherapy is a type of psychotherapy that involves the use of multifaceted treatments that vary depending on each person's unique problem and takes into account biological,psychological,and social influences.

A) Variant
B) Educational
C) Eclectic
D) Gestalt

Question 48

Studies exploring the efficacy of ECT have found that up to ___% of patients experience significant improvements in their symptoms of depression after six to 12 ECT sessions over two to four weeks.

A) 50
B) 70
C) 80
D) 95

Question 49

DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation)is a new psychosurgical technique that helps reduce the symptoms of ___________ by stimulating neuronal activity instead of destroying small areas of cells in the brain.

A) Sleep terror disorder
B) Schizophrenia, Catatonic type
C) Major depressive disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 50

The prefrontal __________ was a technique that disconnected the frontal lobe from the rest of the brain,resulting in a near vegetative state.It is primarily responsible for the negative impression that most people have of psychosurgery.

A) singulectomy
B) lobotomy
C) hemispherectomy
D) craniectomy

Question 51

How does lithium work to curb the mood swings associated with bipolar disorder?

A) Scientists do not really understand the mechanism by which lithium works.
B) It simultaneously decreases serotonin and increases norepinephrine in the brain.
C) It actives the secretion of melatonin, which causes a 'softening' of the mood swings.
D) It depresses the action of the dorsolateral hypothalamus, a crucial part of the limbic system, thus quelling mood swings.

Question 52

What do lithium and ECT have in common?

A) They are both administered by a psychologist and not by a psychiatrist.
B) They are both used to treat the symptoms of major depressive disorder.
C) The exact mechanism by which the treatment works is not understood in either case.
D) They are both used to treat the symptoms of bipolar disorder.

Question 53

Maxwell suffers from a serious case of obsessive-compulsive disorder,and medication and psychotherapy have been ineffective.He and his wife have decided that he should have psychosurgery.A physician will implant electrodes in two specific parts of his brain - the cingulum and the __________ - and slowly ablate (or destroy)these areas,in an attempt to reduce the symptoms of Maxwell's OCD.

A) hypothalamic chiasm
B) basal ganglia
C) striate putamen
D) medullar corpuscle

Question 54

The term __________ refers to a treatment approach that involves multiple dimensions of intervention,including various forms and techniques of psychotherapy,psychoactive medication,and other biological techniques (e.g.,psychosurgery,ECT,biofeedback).

A) theoretical
B) eclectic
C) multifaceted
D) Gestalt

Question 55

Which of the following techniques is used to reduce the memory loss that sometimes occurs as a result of ECT?

A) The administration of a barbiturate immediately following ECT administration.
B) The use of muscle paralytics before administration
C) Unilateral administration
D) Reduced voltage upon administration

Question 56

Why would a physician performing electroconvulsive therapy choose to go with unilateral administration over bilateral administration?

A) Because it reduces the chance of skin burns that are commonly experienced with bilateral administration.
B) Because it uses less electricity and is therefore less expensive, while still attaining the same outcomes.
C) Because it reduces the need for muscle relaxants before the treatment.
D) Because it reduces the memory loss that can be a side effect of ECT.

Question 57

Dr.Alexiev is a psychiatrist who has training in both the prescribing of psychoactive medications as well as the providing of psychotherapy.Although his primary therapeutic "style" is a cognitive approach,he often uses techniques from the humanistic,behavioral,and psychodynamic theories of psychotherapy.Dr.Alexiev's therapeutic style could best be described as __________.

A) insight oriented
B) diffused
C) noncommittal
D) eclectic

Question 58

Which of the following simple salt elements is used as a mood stabilizing drug,often prescribed to people suffering from bipolar disorder?

A) Magnesium
B) Beryllium
C) Lithium
D) Iron

Question 59

Psycho__________ refers to an interaction between a trained professional counselor and someone suffering from a psychological problem,the goal of which is to provide support or relief from the problem.

A) therapy
B) education
C) surgery
D) interaction

Question 60

Studies exploring the efficacy of ECT have found that up to 80% of patients experience significant improvements in their symptoms of depression after _______ ECT sessions over two to four weeks.

A) 1-3
B) 3-6
C) 6-12
D) 12-18

Question 61

Which of the following is not a type of humanistic psychotherapy?

A) Client-centered therapy
B) Person-centered therapy
C) Interpersonal therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 62

Interpersonal psychotherapy,which is related to traditional psychoanalysis,is particularly helpful for people suffering from __________.

A) depression
B) eating disorders
C) anxiety
D) sleep disorders

Question 63

__________ therapy is a type of therapy that is led by a therapist and involves a group of clients experiencing psychological disorders.

A) Gestalt
B) Community
C) Group
D) Psychoeducational

Question 64

While having psychotherapy with her analyst,Beatrice suddenly got very upset."You know,Danny,I really hate it when you talk down to me when we are having a conversation.It is very insulting to my intelligence." Strangely,Beatrice often feels that her husband talks down to her as well.This instance of directing her feelings at her husband toward her therapist is an example of __________.

A) denial
B) retroflection
C) transference
D) reaction formation

Question 65

The __________ content is what a person explicitly remembers about a dream - its storyline,characters,and details.

A) latent
B) transferent
C) manifest
D) conscious

Question 66

The __________ content describes the unconscious meaning of a dream.

A) catharsis
B) manifest
C) latent
D) transferent

Question 67

__________ is a psychoanalytic technique in which the therapist encourages the client to relax his or her mind and,starting from a recent experience,memory,or dream,report every image or idea that enters awareness,refraining from logic or self-editing.

A) Dream analysis
B) Interpretation of transference
C) Free association
D) Interpretation of resistance

Question 68

Which type of therapy focuses on helping clients become aware of and then taking responsibility for their own thoughts,feelings,and actions?

A) Gestalt therapy
B) Interpersonal therapy
C) Psychoanalytic therapy
D) Rational Emotive Behavioral therapy

Question 69

"My wife made me so mad that I just couldn't help but shake her," Darren said to his therapist after being mandated by the judge to seek anger-management counseling.His therapist,Dr.Lowe,said to him,"Well,Darren,maybe we could go about that differently.Is it your wife who makes you angry,or is it you who allows yourself to get so angry?" Because she is attempting to get Darren to take responsibility for his own feelings and actions,Dr.Lowe might be described as a __________ therapist.

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) Gestalt
D) social learning

Question 70

__________ refers to a client's attempts to avoid doing therapeutic work.It may appear as "forgetting" to show up for a session or refusing to discuss certain topics that are particularly sensitive or threatening.

A) Transference
B) Manifesting
C) Associating
D) Resistance

Question 71

Which of the following terms would not be an adequate reference to describe the role of a client-centered therapist?

A) Collaborator
B) Facilitator
C) Interpreter
D) Motivator

Question 72

"Just lie back on the couch,and get comfortable.Try not to let your various worries enter your mind,and just relax.When you feel relaxed,I'd like you to just talk to me.Don't worry if you are saying anything that is good,or right,or important.Just relax and let whatever comes to your mind come right out of your mouth." This statement might be made by a psychoanalyst who is using an exercise called free __________.

A) conversation
B) association
C) contemplation
D) interpretation

Question 73

__________ therapies center on the notion that when it comes to happiness,the power lies with the people; that is,the choices we make regarding our own behavior can effectively promote our own survival and well-being.

A) Positive
B) Humanistic
C) Psychoanalytic
D) Rational-Emotive

Question 74

Dr.Zenkman believes that as a therapist his most effective role is being an advocate of his client's road to psychological wellness.He feels that his years of training in psychology are secondary to his client's ability to accept himself,see himself honestly,and find and utilize his own skills and abilities.Dr.Zenkman would most likely describe himself as a __________ therapist.

A) person-centered
B) cognitive
C) psychoanalytic
D) behavioral

Question 75

The principles of feeling good about ourselves,and feeling accepted and approved of by others underlies person-centered therapy,which was developed by __________.

A) Fritz Perls
B) Rollo May
C) Carl Rogers
D) Alfred Adler

Question 76

__________ is a healing emotional release.

A) Cathexis
B) Catharsis
C) Transference
D) Resistance

Question 77

__________ is an instance in which a client's unconscious feelings about a significant person in his or her life are directed at their therapist.

A) Resistance
B) Introjection
C) Projection
D) Transference

Question 78

The neo-Freudian __________ contributed to the rise of interpersonal psychotherapy,which focuses on helping clients improve their relationships as a means to heal psychological problems.

A) Karen Horney
B) Carl Jung
C) Margaret Mahler
D) Harry Sullivan

Question 79

__________-centered therapy is a type of humanistic therapy in which the therapeutic process focuses squarely on the client's abilities and insights rather than the therapist's thoughts and skills.

A) Person
B) Technique
C) Process
D) Content

Question 80

Developed by psychologist __________,gestalt therapy is one type of humanistic psychotherapy.

A) Fritz Perls
B) Harry Stack Sullivan
C) Rollo May
D) Margaret Mahler