Deck 8: Corrections

Question 1

The killing of ______ in a California prison is believed to have instigated the Attica prison riot.

A) Huey Newton
B) John Brown
C) George Jackson
D) Malcolm X

Answer 1

C

Question 2

______, a White supremacist gang, was started back in 1967 by inmates who wanted to oppose the racial threat of Black and Hispanic gangs.

A) La Eme
B) Aryan Brotherhood
C) Hell's Angels
D) California Rednecks

Answer 2

B

Question 3

______ courts are specialized courts that help offenders readjust to living in society.

A) DUI Courts
B) Juvenile courts
C) Traffic courts
D) Reentry courts

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following gangs have a significant presence on the streets and in prisons?

A) Gypsy Jokers
B) Blue Brotherhood
C) Modern Family
D) Bloods

Question 5

Most of the newest prisons across the country have been built where?

A) suburban areas
B) urban areas
C) rural areas
D) hyperghettos

Question 6

Both______ and landowners profited from the convict lease system.

A) slaves
B) ministers
C) states
D) police officers

Question 7

Which one of the following represents the largest growth of recent state budgetary spending?

A) corrections
B) higher education
C) K-12
D) transportation

Question 8

Which group represents the largest share of correctional officers in the United States?

A) Hispanics
B) Asians
C) African Americans
D) Whites

Question 9

The majority of the offenders in state and federal correctional institutions are ______.

A) Blacks and Whites
B) Blacks and Hispanics
C) Whites and Asians
D) Hispanics and Native Americans

Question 10

In the Supreme Court case ______, it was ruled that segregating offenders according to race was unconstitutional.

A) Smith v. California
B) Johnson v. California
C) Young v. California
D) California v. Jones

Question 11

______ is the term used to describe the most secure correctional facilities in America.

A) Minimum security
B) Maximum security
C) Securex facilities
D) Supermax

Question 12

Alfred Blumstein's research in the 1980s revealed that, after controlling for a host of variables, ______ of racial disparities in prison populations was left unexplained.

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 50%
D) 70%

Question 13

Which Supreme Court case ruled that Black Muslims should have access to religious literature in prison facilities? a, Battle v. Anderson
B) Fulwood v. Clemmer
C) Desmond v. Blackwell
D) Northern v. Nelson

Question 14

Recent polls have found that the views of this group on punitiveness fall between those of Blacks and Whites.

A) Asian Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Hispanics
D) Arab Americans

Question 15

______ were instrumental in founding the first American prison.

A) Slaves
B) Plantation owners
C) Quakers
D) Catholics

Question 16

Where did American corrections have its origins?

A) European workhouses
B) slaveholding south
C) ghettos
D) northern cities

Question 17

The term ______ is used to describe the swift and unfair manner in which political prisoners are processed into the criminal justice system.

A) railroaded
B) judicious swiftness
C) inequitable justice
D) none of these

Question 18

Blacks have been overrepresented in prisons since what period?

A) 1700s
B) 1800s
C) 1900s
D) 2000s

Question 19

Most people who are under correctional supervision are ______.

A) incarcerated
B) on probation
C) in rehabilitation programs
D) on death row

Question 20

Which of the following is a myth about incarceration?

A) Crime has fallen in the United States because incarceration has risen.
B) Prisons have spurred gangs.
C) Prison have race relation problems.
D) Prisons are violent places.

Question 21

Rural areas are excited about the economic benefits of prisons.

Question 22

The ______ was started in 1967 by inmates who wanted to oppose the racial threat of Blacks and Hispanics and/or counter the organization and activities of Black and Hispanic gangs.

A) Mexican Mafia
B) Texas Syndicate
C) Aryan Brotherhood
D) Nuestra Familia

Question 23

Incarcerated and paroled inmates have decreased chances of separation and divorce.

Question 24

Scholars began to seriously examine correctional facilities after the ______ riot.

A) Pelican Bay
B) San Quentin
C) Sing Sing
D) Attica

Question 25

Among females, Black and Hispanic women have the highest incarceration rates.

Question 26

The Black Muslim movement in California prisons can be traced to Africa in the late 1950s.

Question 27

Most offenders in the colonial period were sentenced to incarceration.

Question 28

Because of economic considerations, it was rare to find slaves, Native Americans, or indentured servants incarcerated.

Question 29

______ is considered to be American's first prison.

A) Eastern Penitentiary
B) Western Penitentiary
C) The Walnut Street Jail
D) Attica prison

Question 30

Over time, England developed three types of facilities: (a) jail, (b) house of corrections, and (c) workhouse. By the founding of colonial America in the early 17th century, some of these facilities made their way to America.

Question 31

The Fulwood v. Clemmer decision sparked the prisoners' rights movement, which resulted in thousands of lawsuits being filed by inmates.

Question 32

Another collateral consequence of being convicted of a felony is the loss of the right to ______.

A) free speech
B) vote
C) work in state government
D) own property

Question 33

Three years after release, recidivism rates across the United States range closest to what percentages?

A) 10-40%
B) 20-50%
C) 30-60%
D) 40-70%

Question 34

Briefly explain how Beaumont and Tocqueville explained racial disparities in correctional populations during the 19th century.

Question 35

Petersilia (2003) defined prisoner ______ as all activities and programming conducted to prepare ex-convicts to return safely to the community and to live as law-abiding citizens.

A) reentry
B) rehabilitation
C) programming
D) probation

Question 36

Beaumont and Tocqueville felt that this population was the reason for high crime in Southern states.

A) wealthy landowners
B) slaves
C) indentured servants
D) freed slaves

Question 37

Private prisons house approximately what percentage of U.S. prisoners?

A) less than 10%
B) more than 10%
C) more than 20%
D) more than 30%

Question 38

If disenfranchised felons in Florida had been permitted to vote, Al Gore would still have lost the 2000 presidential election.

Question 39

Recent national public opinion research on the criminal justice system has found that the country remains split on whether the focus of the system should be punitive or rehabilitative in orientation.

Question 40

In 1790, legislation was passed to create an institution in which solitary confinement and hard labor were required. In response to the legislation, the Quakers restructured the ______ to fit the required specifications.

A) Rasphaus
B) Eastern State Penitentiary
C) poorhouse
D) Walnut Street Jail

Question 41

Create a Ban-the-Box policy that you believe will be politically viable.

Question 42

Briefly explain the meaning of the term control rates.

Question 43

The text notes that increased societal interest in rehabilitation or alternative programs might be tied to fiscal concerns because of budget shortfalls across the country in the last part of the first decade of the 21st century. Do you agree with this finding? Explain your answer.

Question 44

Briefly explain the concept of political prisoners.

Question 45

Recent national public opinion research on the criminal justice system has found that the country remains split on whether the focus of the system should be punitive (54%) or rehabilitative (46%) in orientation. Discuss your position on the ideal contemporary focus of the criminal justice system.

Question 46

Briefly discuss Blumstein's explanations regarding racial disparities in corrections.

Question 47

Discuss the four core components of Travis's prisoner reentry model.

Question 48

Sanctions falling under the corrections umbrella include fines, community service, drug and alcohol treatment, probation, home confinement, and intensive probation supervision. Provide a detailed description of one of the noted sanctions which includes a contemporary example.

Question 49

Briefly explain the different gangs and their "beliefs" that were created inside prisons.

Question 50

Briefly explain the "prison-industrial complex."

Question 51

Identify several common characteristics of contemporary prison gangs, as referenced in the text.

Question 52

Briefly explain the reasons for the development of the convict lease system. Your answer should discuss how the system worked.

Question 53

Briefly explain the ideology and structure of reentry courts.