Deck 7: Acids and Bases

Question 1

Many medicines have a bitter taste which manufacturers attempt to disguise. Many medicines are probably

A) acids.
B) bases.
C) salts.
D) neutral.

Answer 1

bases.

Question 2

Drain cleaner is an example of a(n)

A) acid.
B) base.
C) salt.
D) neutral compound.

Answer 2

base.

Question 3

Sulfuric acid is the leading chemical produced and used industrially. What is the formula for sulfuric acid?

A) SO₄
B) HSO₄
C) H₂(SO)₄
D) H₂SO₄

Answer 3

H₂SO₄

Question 4

H₃O⁺ is the

A) hydrate ion.
B) hydrogen ion.
C) hydroxide ion.
D) hydronium ion.

Question 5

Phosphoric acid is added to many popular beverages to give them a tart flavor. The formula of phosphoric acid is

A) H₃PO₄.
B) H₄PO₃.
C) H₂PO₄.
D) HPO₄.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about bases is correct?

A) Bases taste bitter.
B) Bases feel slippery when wet.
C) Bases turn litmus blue.
D) All of these statements are correct.

Question 7

When HCl is added to pure water, HCl molecules lose protons, while water molecules gain protons. In this reaction, HCl is a(n)

A) acid.
B) base.
C) salt.
D) solvent.

Question 8

A hydrogen ion, H⁺, is the same as a(n)

A) hydronium ion.
B) proton.
C) electron.
D) hydrate.

Question 9

Lemon juice has a sour taste and turns litmus to red. Lemon juice is

A) basic.
B) acidic.
C) neutral.
D) caustic.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct definition of an acid that is not dependent upon the solvent?

A) Acids produce hydronium ions.
B) Acids are proton donors.
C) Acids produce hydroxide ions.
D) Acids are proton acceptors.

Question 11

According to Arrhenius, an acid and a base will react to give

A) an acidic solution.
B) a basic solution.
C) a salt plus water.
D) a solid.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of the Arrhenius theory?

A) Acids are defined as compounds that produce H⁺ ions in water solution.
B) Bases are defined as compounds that produce OH^- ions in water solution.
C) Arrhenius theory only applies to reactions in aqueous solution.
D) Acids are defined as compounds that produce OH^- ions in water solution.

Question 13

Which is NOT a characteristic of bases?

A) taste bitter
B) turn litmus red
C) react with acids to form salts
D) produce hydroxide ions when added to water

Question 14

A compound that changes color when it is placed into an acidic or a basic solution is

A) amphiprotic.
B) an acid-base indicator.
C) a buffer.
D) protonated.

Question 15

Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of acids?

A) taste sour
B) turn litmus red
C) react with bases to form salts
D) All are characteristics of acids.

Question 16

Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of bases?

A) taste bitter
B) reacts with acids to form salts
C) produce hydroxide ions when added to water
D) All are characteristics of bases.

Question 17

The four basic tastes are all related to acids and bases in some manner. The taste sensation with the least direct, least well understood, and probably most complex relationship between taste response and acid/base properties is

A) bitter.
B) sour.
C) salt.
D) sweet.

Question 18

Which is NOT a characteristic of acids?

A) taste bitter
B) turn litmus red
C) react with bases to form salts
D) react with active metals to form H₂ gas

Question 19

Which of the following acids is responsible for the sour taste of yogurt?

A) acetic
B) citric
C) lactic
D) phosphoric

Question 20

Foods that are acidic can be identified by their ________ taste.

A) bitter
B) sweet
C) salty
D) sour

Question 21

When added to water, which of the following would produce an acid?

A) Na
B) BaO
C) NH₃
D) SO₃

Question 22

Lime is used in farming to reduce the acidity of the soil. The chemical name for lime is calcium oxide. When water in the soil reacts with lime, what base is formed?

A) CaO
B) CaOH
C) Ca₂OH
D) Ca(OH)₂

Question 23

When nonmetal oxides react with water, the resulting solution is

A) salty.
B) acidic.
C) neutral.
D) basic.

Question 24

In what way are the green chemistry production of biodiesel fuel and of soap different?

A) Biodiesel fuels require the addition of acids, while production of soap uses bases.
B) Biodiesel fuels are converted to methyl esters, while soaps are converted to sodium salts.
C) Biodiesel fuels produce glycerol, while soap production produced methanol.
D) Biodiesel fuel decreases the amount of waste produced, while soap production increases the amount of waste.

Question 25

All of the following are examples of green chemistry EXCEPT

A) Biodiesel is made from oils that have been used for frying foods.
B) Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable plastic derived from corn.
C) Hydrocarbons containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms are used as a fuel source.
D) Glycerol from triglycerides can be used as a moisturizing agent in soaps.

Question 26

What is the formula for calcium hydroxide?

A) CaOH
B) Ca₂OH
C) Ca(OH)₂
D) CaOH₂

Question 27

When added to water, which of the following would produce a base?

A) Li₂O
B) CO₂
C) F₂
D) SO₃

Question 28

Which of the following is a correct definition of a base that is not dependent upon the solvent?

A) Bases produce hydronium ions.
B) Bases are proton donors.
C) Bases produce hydroxide ions.
D) Bases are proton acceptors.

Question 29

The compound CH₃NH₂ reacts with water to form CH₃NH₃⁺ and OH^-. In this reaction, CH₃NH₂ is acting as a(n)

A) acid.
B) base.
C) salt.
D) catalyst.

Question 30

Which of the following is a hydroxide ion?

A) OH^-
B) H⁺
C) H₃O⁺
D) H₂O^-

Question 31

All of the following are bases EXCEPT

A) KOH.
B) HNO₃.
C) NH₃.
D) Ba(OH)₂.

Question 32

What acid is formed when SO₃ is added to water?

A) hydrosulfuric
B) hydrosulfurous
C) sulfuric
D) sulfurous

Question 33

When added to water, which of the following would produce a base?

A) Li₂O
B) ClO₂
C) P₄O₁₀
D) SO₂

Question 34

When added to water, which of the following would produce an acid?

A) Ba
B) Li₂O
C) NH₃
D) SO₂

Question 35

A salt that can conduct electricity when it is dissolved in water is a(n)

A) buffer.
B) catalyst.
C) electrolyte.
D) indicator.

Question 36

Which of the following is an example of a nonmetal oxide?

A) SO₂
B) LiOH
C) Na₂O
D) H₂SO₄

Question 37

When metal oxides react with water, the resulting solution is generally

A) salty.
B) acidic.
C) neutral.
D) basic.

Question 38

What base is formed by the addition of potassium oxide to water?

A) KOH
B) K₂OH
C) KH
D) KH₂

Question 39

When added to water, which of the following would NOT produce a base?

A) BaO
B) K₂O
C) Na₂O
D) CO₂

Question 40

A useful broad view of reactions between acids and bases involves the

A) transfer of protons.
B) transfer of electrons.
C) conversion of protons into electrons.
D) ionization of atoms.

Question 41

Citric acid is produced by oranges. When citric acid dissolves in water, it produces a relatively small number of hydronium ions. Citric acid is best described as a

A) dilute acid.
B) concentrated acid.
C) weak acid.
D) strong acid.

Question 42

In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of calcium hydroxide with sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄, the coefficient of water is

A) 4.
B) 5
C) 1.
D) 2.

Question 43

In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of calcium hydroxide with nitric acid, HNO₃, the coefficient of nitric acid is

A) 3.
B) 2.
C) 1.
D) 4.

Question 44

An acid is strong if it

A) is very concentrated.
B) makes acid-base indicators change color.
C) ionizes completely in water.
D) causes metals to corrode.

Question 45

Which is a weak base in aqueous solution?

A) NH₃
B) HF
C) NaOH
D) Ca(OH)₂

Question 46

Hydrocyanic acid is classified as a weak acid in water. This means that it produces

A) no hydronium ions.
B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

Question 47

When an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid is just neutralized with an aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide, the solution would taste

A) sour.
B) bitter.
C) salty.
D) sweet.

Question 48

When a metal oxide is added to water, it will form a(n)

A) acid.
B) base.
C) neutral compound.
D) salt.

Question 49

Ammonia is classified as a weak base in water. This means that it produces

A) no hydroxide ions.
B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.
C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.
D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.

Question 50

In the balanced chemical reaction for the neutralization of sodium hydroxide with sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄, the coefficient of water is

A) 2.
B) 1.
C) 3.
D) 4.

Question 51

A weak base

A) is present in low concentration in solution.
B) is present in high concentration in solution.
C) ionizes only slightly in solution.
D) ionizes completely in solution.

Question 52

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the neutralization of barium hydroxide with sulfuric acid?

A) Ba(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2 H₂O
B) BaOH + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2 H₂O
C) BaOH₂ + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + H₂O
D) Ba(OH)₂ + 2 H₂SO₄ → Ba(SO₄)₂ + 2 H₂O

Question 53

Give an example of an amphiprotic compound.

A) sulfuric acid
B) water
C) potassium chloride
D) ammonia

Question 54

Lithium hydroxide is classified as a strong base in water. This means that it produces

A) no hydroxide ions.
B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.
C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.
D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydroxide ions.

Question 55

The same number of moles of acetic acid and hydrogen chloride are placed in beakers containing water. After this addition, the beaker with the HCl has more hydronium ions than the beaker with added acetic acid. HCl is classified as

A) a weaker acid than acetic acid.
B) a stronger acid than acetic acid.
C) equal in acid strength to acetic acid.
D) a base.

Question 56

A ruptured tank in Anywhere, USA spilled hydrochloric acid. Officials were reported to be "concerned that the acid might mix with sodium hydroxide - caustic soda - in a neighboring tank and form a toxic gas." What toxic gas would be formed?

A) carbon dioxide
B) chlorine
C) chlorine dioxide
D) none

Question 57

Hydroiodic acid is classified as a strong acid in water. This means that it produces

A) no hydronium ions.
B) a relatively small fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
C) a relatively large fraction of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.
D) 100% of the maximum number of possible hydronium ions.

Question 58

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the neutralization of barium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid?

A) Ba(OH)₂ + 2 HCl → BaCl₂ + 2 H₂O
B) BaOH₂ + 2 HCl → BaCl₂ + H₂O
C) Ba(OH)₂ + HCl → BaCl₂ + H₂O
D) BaOH + HCl → BaCl + H₂O

Question 59

A nonmetal oxide is called a(n)

A) acidic anhydride.
B) basic anhydride.
C) neutral compound.
D) salt.

Question 60

All of the following are strong acids EXCEPT

A) hydrochloric acid.
B) perchloric acid.
C) hydroiodic acid.
D) hydrocyanic acid.

Question 61

What is produced in an acid-base neutralization reaction?

A) an acid
B) a base
C) a salt and water
D) an acid and water

Question 62

A solution of toilet bowl cleaner has a pH of 9. The solution is

A) weakly basic.
B) strongly basic.
C) weakly acidic.
D) strongly acidic.

Question 63

Identify the weakly basic solution.

A) urine
B) milk of magnesia
C) saliva
D) milk

Question 64

What is the conjugate base of HSO₃^-?

A) H₂SO₄
B) H₂SO₃
C) HSO₄^-
D) SO₃^2-

Question 65

Phenolphthalein has often been used to monitor the progress of acid-base neutralization reactions. What color will phenolphthalein be if there is an excess of base present?

A) colorless
B) green
C) pink
D) yellow

Question 66

The pH = -log[H⁺] for a solution. The pOH = -log[OH^-] for a solution. The pH and pOH are related, and their sum is equal to 14 (pH + pOH = 14). If the concentration of a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide is 0.001 M, what is the pH of that solution?

A) 7
B) 3
C) 11
D) 2

Question 67

An unknown substance is added to a solution and the pH increases. The substance is best described as a(n)

A) acid.
B) base.
C) salt.
D) solvent.

Question 68

A sample of rainwater has a pH of 3.5. What ion is sure to be present in relatively large concentration in this rain sample?

A) H₃O⁺
B) SO₄^2-
C) OH^-
D) HSO₄^-

Question 69

Which substance has the lowest pH?

A) urine
B) lemon juice
C) unpolluted rainwater
D) 4% NaOH

Question 70

Which substance has the highest pH?

A) bile
B) lemon juice
C) pure water
D) milk of magnesia

Question 71

If the concentration of a dilute solution of nitric acid is 0.0001 M, what is the pH of that solution?

A) 5
B) 4
C) 10
D) 3

Question 72

Phenolphthalein has often been used to monitor the progress of an acid-base neutralization reaction. What color will phenolphthalein be when there is an excess of acid present?

A) colorless
B) green
C) pink
D) yellow

Question 73

The pH = -log[H⁺] for a solution. The pOH = -log[OH^-] for a solution. The pH and pOH are related, and their sum is equal to 14 (pH + pOH = 14). If a solution has a pH of 6, what is the pOH?

A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 14

Question 74

What is the conjugate acid of HSO₃^-?

A) H₂SO₄
B) H₂SO₃
C) HSO₄^-
D) SO₃^2-

Question 75

An unknown substance is added to a solution and the pH decreases. The substance is best described as a(n)

A) acid.
B) base.
C) salt.
D) solvent.

Question 76

The pH of a sample of water from a river is 6.0. A sample of effluent from a food processing plant has a pH of 4.0. The concentration of hydronium ion in the effluent is

A) one and a half times (1.5x) larger than the river hydronium ion concentration.
B) two times (2x) larger than the river hydronium ion concentration.
C) four times (4x) larger than the river hydronium ion concentration.
D) 100 times (100x) larger than the river hydronium ion concentration.

Question 77

Which of the following form a conjugate acid-base pair?

A) H₂SO₄ and SO₄^2-
B) H₃O⁺ and OH^-
C) H₂SO₄ and HSO₄^-
D) CH₄ and CH₃OH

Question 78

A solution with a pH of 3 has a hydronium ion concentration of

A) 10^-3 mol/L.
B) 10³ mol/L.
C) 10 mol/L.
D) -10 mol/L.

Question 79

A conjugate acid-base pair differ by one

A) H atom.
B) O atom.
C) pH unit.
D) proton.

Question 80

A solution with a pH of 12 will be

A) weakly basic.
B) strongly basic.
C) weakly acidic.
D) neutral.