Deck 17: Quantitative Data Analysis

Question 1

A measure of dispersion describes

A)where the data are clustered.
B)which data are the most important.
C)how spread out the data are.
D)all of the above.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

At what level of measurement is the variable ethnicity?

A)Nominal.
B)Ordinal.
C)Ratio.
D)Interval.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Given the following values,the median is
8,12,9,15,17,11,13,14,7

A)12
B)17
C)4.5
D)5

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Suppose a study reports that the average number of times that control group participants got drunk during the year was five.What is appropriate to conclude?

A)The typical control group participant got drunk five times.
B)Most control group participants got drunk five times.
C)It is conceivable that most of the control group participants got drunk less than five times or more than five times.
D)The typical control group participant got drunk 5 times, and most control group participants got drunk five times.

Question 5

At what level of measurement is the variable number of future incidents of child neglect?

A)Nominal
B)Ordinal
C)Ratio
D)Interval

Question 6

In an evaluation of an intervention that seeks to increase self-esteem scores,if the mean of the experimental group is 60,the mean of the control group is 50,and the standard deviation of the control group is 5,the Cohen's d effect size is:

A)5
B)2
C)10
D)0.10
E)60

Question 7

Coding refers to:

A)the assignment of a number or numeral to the attributes of a variable.
B)the assignment of a row in a data matrix to each questionnaire item.
C)the assignment of a number or numeral to each questionnaire item.
D)transferring variables to the computer.
E)the assignment of a variable to a computer column.

Question 8

The mean is almost always sufficient in portraying the typical case in a distribution.

Question 9

A bivariate table is read by comparing the independent variable
subgroups with one another in terms of a given attribute of the
dependent variable.

Question 10

If an experimental group's mean of 20 indicates fewer undesirable symptoms than the control group's mean of 25,and the standard deviation is 10,then the Cohen's d effect size should be reported as:
A)+ .50

A)- 5.0
B)- .50
C)+5.0

Question 11

Given the following age distribution,the mean is
18,33,7,32,6,5,4

A)4
B)7
C)15
D)32
E)cannot compute from the information given.

Question 12

The mean or median can be used to describe the central tendency of the variable "ethnicity."

Question 13

Which of the following illustrates a grouped data frequency distribution?

A)Thirty-six students are enrolled in introductory statistics, section A.
B)Five new students have been accepted on the editorial staff of their school paper.Two of the students are 18 years of age, one is 19 years, and two are 21 years of age.
C)Of the 20 female students living in a housing complex, 10 are under 20 years of age, one is between 20 and 25 years, seven are between 26 and 30 years, and two are above 30 years.
D)all of these.

Question 14

A research article reports that clients who received Intervention A had a 30% recidivism rate,while clients who received Intervention B had a 40% recidivism rate.What can be inferred from these statistics?

A)Intervention A is more effective than Intervention B.
B)The difference in recidivism rates was due to chance.
C)The difference in recidivism rates was NOT due to chance.
D)None of these.

Question 15

Given the following age distribution,the range is
12,15,8,17,34,43,2,16,43,3

A)12, 3
B)17
C)2,17
D)2,43

Question 16

Suppose 100 clients referred for substance abuse problems receive new Intervention A and another receive treatment as usual (TAU).Suppose further that 20% of the recipients of Intervention A recidivate as compared to 50% of the TAU recipients.The odds ratio would be:

A)2.5.
B)4.0.
C).40.
D).20.

Question 17

The most frequent attribute,in either grouped or ungrouped data,is the

A)mean.
B)median.
C)mode.
D)range.
E)marginal.

Question 18

Whereas univariate analysis and subgroup comparisons focus on the descriptions of the people under study,the focus of bivariate analysis is on the relationships among the variables themselves.

Question 19

Half the cases are above the median and half the cases are below the median.

Question 20

The variable number of children is at the nominal level of measurement

Question 21

Terminally ill patients are both more likely to receive social work services and to die in the hospital.

Question 22

The substantive significance of a relationship is always automatically indicated by the strength of the relationship.

Question 23

Items 7 through 9 refer to the table below:

If the table were collapsed into a bivariate table with only two rows and two columns,deleting the type of illness variable,recipients of social work services would appear to be more likely to die in the hospital.

Question 24

Explain the difference between statistical significance,relationship strength,and substantive significance.

Question 25

A Cohen's d effect size of less than 1.0 is considered to be weak.

Question 26

Your colleague conducts a methodologically flawless randomized experiment with a small sample and finds that 70 percent of the clients treated with intervention A had a successful outcome,while only 60 percent of the clients in the control group had a successful outcome.Based on the difference in these percentages,she concludes that intervention A is effective.Would you agree with her? Explain your answer.

Question 27

Interpret the following frequency distribution portraying client responses to the question,"How satisfied are you with the services you've received from this agency?"
Satisfaction Level f
Very satisfied 60
Moderately satisfied 50
Slightly satisfied 40
Slightly dissatisfied 40
Moderately dissatisfied 50
Very dissatisfied 60
No Answer 20 44

Question 28

The odds ratio shows how much more or less likely a certain dependent variable outcome is for the categories of the independent variable.

Question 29

The Cohen's d effect size statistic is +1.0.

Question 30

The results are statistically significant.

Question 31

Define and explain how to calculate odds ratios and risk ratios.

Question 32

Items 7 through 9 refer to the table below:

The table shows that regardless of type of illness,recipients of social work services were more likely to die in the hospital.

Question 33

The results certainly are substantively significant.

Question 34

The proportion of 100 released prisoners who get rearrested within three years is 24 percent for the 50 who attended a bible studies program in prison and 30 percent for the 50 who did not attend.Does this mean that prisoners who attend bible studies programs are less likely to get arrested within three years than those who do not attend? Explain your answer on statistical grounds.