Deck 9: Defending and Redefining the Nation

Question 1

What was John Ross's strategy for the advancement of the rights of Cherokee people in the United States in the early nineteenth century?

A) To provide them with the most technologically advanced arms
B) To promote strong economic ties through even trading relationships
C) To encourage them to embrace Anglo-American religion and culture
D) To allow the United States to take over more Indian land in hopes of cultivating peace

Answer 1

To encourage them to embrace Anglo-American religion and culture

Question 2

When the international slave trade was officially ended in 1808, slavery

A) came to an end.
B) expanded as more territory for growing cash crops became available.
C) gradually declined over the next five decades as the population died out.
D) expanded as increasing numbers of northern merchants purchased slaves.

Answer 2

expanded as more territory for growing cash crops became available.

Question 3

At the end of the War of 1812, the United States had

A) acquired greater control over Canadian territory, especially Toronto.
B) lost the port of New Orleans but otherwise the war was a draw.
C) lost land controlled by the Indians along the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.
D) acquired greater control over land in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.

Answer 3

acquired greater control over land in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.

Question 4

How did most ordinary Americans respond to efforts of the Democratic-Republican Party to use the power of the federal government to invest in infrastructures?

A) They opposed them because such plans forced tax increases.
B) They supported them because such plans advanced industry and agriculture.
C) They were against such plans because elite New Englanders were for them.
D) They were split evenly down the middle in this very polarizing period.

Question 5

What caused economic hardship for some of the wealthiest planters in Virginia in the 1810s and 1820s?

A) The end of the slave trade drove the cost of slaves through the roof.
B) Tobacco and other cash crops were not as valuable anymore.
C) The soil was exhausted, limiting its productive capacity.
D) Many went into debt purchasing luxury imported goods they could not afford.

Question 6

What region(s) of the country supported President Madison's reelection during the War of 1812?

A) West and South for religious and social reasons
B) West and South because he was for the war
C) Northeast because he was against the war
D) Northeast for economic reasons

Question 7

According to the passage, why does Tecumseh blame the United States for the "injury" and "mischief" committed by other Indians?

A) The Americans used alcohol to trick Indians into fighting each other.
B) The Americans had pressed Indians too far, leaving them no choice but to fight back.
C) The Americans encouraged divisions among different Indian groups.
D) The Americans refused to make distinctions among different Indian groups.

Question 8

In the War of 1812, the Cherokee

A) fought alongside American troops and defeated the British handily.
B) fought alongside the British and ceded a great deal of land in defeat at the hands of Americans.
C) tried to be neutral but were attacked by both sides in the process.
D) tried to be neutral but were attacked by British troops and lost considerable territory.

Question 9

How did the United States ultimately secure Florida from Spain?

A) The Indians defeated Spain, and the United States defeated the Indians.
B) The Indians tricked the Spanish with a deceitful treaty, rendering Spain's claim void.
C) The United States defeated Spain in armed conflict.
D) Spain surrendered the land rather than go to war.

Question 10

When did the War of 1812 come to an end?

A) December 1812
B) December 1814
C) December 1818
D) December 1822

Question 11

What was the economic impact of extended trade routes and European trading disruptions that characterized the 1810s?

A) Economic boom and expanded manufacturing
B) Economic hardship and decrease in trade
C) Economic boom and a decrease in manufacturing
D) Economic hardship and an increase in trade

Question 12

When the British invaded the U.S. capital in 1814, American troops responded by

A) ceding the city and quickly retreating.
B) instituting a mandatory draft to increase available troops.
C) calling on rival Indian tribes to help them.
D) quickly recovering and expelling the British troops.

Question 13

How did Congress ensure U.S. merchants could use an ancient Indian trail from Missouri to Santa Fe in the 1820s?

A) They negotiated a treaty with Indians for access to the trail.
B) They took over land on either side of the trail, securing its access.
C) They approved the use of armed guards to escort traders.
D) They approved the capture of any Indian who threatened to block a trader.

Question 14

Which early president was the principal author of the U.S. Constitution as well?

A) Thomas Jefferson
B) John Adams
C) George Washington
D) James Madison

Question 15

At the Hartford Convention of 1814, New England Federalists called for

A) an end to the U.S. war with Great Britain.
B) Democratic-Republicans to resign from office.
C) secession of New England from the United States.
D) an embargo on all French as well as British goods.

Question 16

As First Lady, Dolley Madison worked to advance the role of women in the United States by

A) advocating for women's right to vote.
B) promoting their inclusion in Washington's political culture.
C) advancing women's education.
D) admonishing her husband to not "forget the ladies."

Question 17

Between 1810 and 1820 the non-Indian population west of the Appalachian Mountains

A) was decimated by nearly half.
B) increased very slowly and incrementally.
C) increased dramatically, nearly doubling.
D) decreased gradually.

Question 18

Conflicts between Indians and the United States were ongoing and complicated. What was the consequence of the U.S. victory in 1794 led by General "Mad Anthony" Wayne against a Shawnee-led coalition?

A) The Shawnee quickly surrendered the territory and gave up on fighting white men.
B) White men won decisively this time and settled into the Northwest Territory.
C) Outraged, Indians forged a pan-Indian alliance and vowed to fight on.
D) Wayne exaggerated news of his victory, as the Indians strategically retreated.

Question 19

To remove the Indian threat in northern territories, President James Monroe negotiated treaties with

A) the Indians.
B) Great Britain.
C) France.
D) Spain.

Question 20

In 1815, General Andrew Jackson sparked outrage by Spanish, British, and American officials when he

A) attacked Seminole Indians in Florida.
B) attacked Creek Indians in Tennessee.
C) bombed two British forts and killed innocent citizens in the process.
D) failed to secure parts of Florida from Indian rebels.

Question 21

Which candidate followed the old tradition of "standing" for the office of president rather than "running" for office, something that was introduced in this 1828 election?

A) John Adams
B) Andrew Jackson
C) Henry Clay
D) William Crawford

Question 22

What was the primary cause of the panic of 1819?

A) Irresponsible banking practices
B) An embargo on goods from France
C) The failure of tobacco crops
D) Unresolved debt from the war

Question 23

During the early decades following the Revolutionary War, even most white men could not vote because they

A) were illiterate.
B) did not own property.
C) failed to pay their poll tax.
D) lived in rural locations.

Question 24

What topic concerned most serious battles in Congress during Adams's presidency?

A) Election laws
B) Political parties
C) Tariffs
D) National debt

Question 25

What policy approved by Congress promoted racist legislation at the state and federal level?

A) Denial of black suffrage
B) Continuation of racial slavery
C) Restrictions on black officeholders
D) Separate legal codes for blacks

Question 26

Southern senators blocked Maine's admission to statehood because Maine

A) represented the interests of New England elite merchants.
B) refused to recognize the separation of church and state.
C) would have given more power in the Senate to free states.
D) wanted to introduce slavery and would be the only northern state to do so.

Question 27

The House of Representatives rejected Missouri's application for statehood in 1819 because

A) Missouri wanted to be a slave state.
B) Missouri wanted to be a free state.
C) Missouri did not meet all of the requirements for statehood.
D) of a political feud between a congressman and the territory's founding settlers.

Question 28

What ensured the 1828 election of John Adams after the near three-way tie in the electoral college?

A) The House of Representatives chose him, as required by the Constitution.
B) Henry Clay, who came in fourth, asked his supporters to endorse Adams.
C) Despite the three-way tie in the electoral college, Adams won the popular vote.
D) Adams had personal connections in the House after years of diplomatic accomplishments.

Question 29

Southern planters were against imposing higher tariffs on foreign imports during the panic of 1819 because tariffs

A) punished farmers, manufacturers, and traders.
B) punished rather than benefited local manufacturers.
C) raised the price of manufactured goods while agricultural profits declined.
D) raised the price of manufactured goods and triggered a spike in agricultural gains.

Question 30

Which group gained important political rights during the 1820s?

A) White men
B) African Americans
C) Native Americans
D) Women

Question 31

What two new parties were formed from the Democratic-Republicans when they broke up over the election of 1824?

A) Democrats and National Republicans
B) Democrats and Republicans
C) National Democrats and Republicans
D) National Republicans and Democratic Socialists

Question 32

What product fueled the U.S. industrial expansion of the 1810s?

A) Tobacco
B) Sugarcane
C) Coal
D) Cotton

Question 33

What led to the revival of the European economy in the 1810s?

A) An increase in agricultural production in the colonies
B) The end of the international slave trade
C) The end of the Napoleonic Wars
D) The invention of the cotton gin

Question 34

When early-nineteenth-century merchants in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh needed to sell their manufactured goods, their primary customer base was:

A) western farmers.
B) southern planters.
C) northern merchants.
D) European merchants.

Question 35

When the panic of 1819 subsided, the result was that

A) only southern elites were trusted with high office.
B) even more men refused to participate in politics.
C) workingmen demanded the vote.
D) people refused to put their money into banks.

Question 36

What position did whites in Missouri take on the issue of slavery in 1819?

A) Abolish it completely
B) Gradually abolish it
C) Defend the institution
D) Abolish and defend it

Question 37

The economic expansion of the 1810s affected relations among U.S. regions, which

A) led to divergent and isolated economies and social values.
B) fueled a rivalry between the regions that led to the Civil War.
C) forced the North to accept southern slavery.
D) made the regions more interdependent than ever before.

Question 38

Which candidate for the presidency in 1828 ran as a man of the people, emphasizing his humble origins and hoping to appeal to small farmers and northern workers?

A) John Adams
B) Andrew Jackson
C) Henry Clay
D) William Crawford

Question 39

In the early nineteenth century, women showed their party loyalties during the many public political celebrations by

A) carrying party flags.
B) encouraging other women to vote for their party.
C) refusing to socialize with women from other parties.
D) sewing a symbol into their clothing.

Question 40

According to the passages, how does Timothy Claimright's assessment of the dangers of slavery under the Missouri Compromise differ from Thomas Jefferson's?

A) Jefferson is afraid that abolishing slavery is too dangerous, but Claimright thinks that slavery itself is a greater cause for slave owners to fear.
B) Jefferson thinks that slavery doesn't bear a second thought, but Claimright believes it to be a religious obligation.
C) Jefferson thinks the sacrifices of abolishing slavery are too great, but Claimright regards them as insignificant.
D) Jefferson thinks a temporary compromise might work, but Claimright insists on a final settlement of the issue.

Question 41

Ordinary people were angry at the national bank's tight-money policies because it meant that the bank

A) drove the nation into debt.
B) made it difficult for people to get credit.
C) granted upside-down mortgages to poor people.
D) refused to open accounts with a balance of less than $1,000.

Question 42

Although Andrew Jackson claimed to be representative of the "common man" as president, he was actually supported only by

A) elite men.
B) white people.
C) Indians.
D) slaves.

Question 43

What state first passed an Ordinance of Nullification in 1832?

A) North Carolina
B) South Carolina
C) Pennsylvania
D) Massachusetts

Question 44

What was the reputation of the Bank of the United States among elites during the 1820s?

A) It caused inflation.
B) It weakened the role of state-issued currency.
C) It increased the national debt.
D) It stabilized the economy.

Question 45

Which Indian tribe adopted a republican form of government based on the U.S. Constitution?

A) Creeks
B) Shawnee
C) Cherokee
D) Iroquois

Question 46

Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, and in response the Cherokee

A) accepted it because they realized they could never defeat the U.S. military.
B) refused to accept the terms of the act and fought back.
C) accepted it because it granted them "clear title forever" on other territory.
D) didn't even know what the act entailed because they were not informed.