Deck 4: Religious Strife and Social Upheavals

Question 1

In early colonial communities from New England to the Chesapeake, many women gained economic and legal leverage because

A) colonists supported women's rights.
B) women and men were equal in the eyes of God.
C) they had to take care of many children.
D) there was a shortage of women and workers.

Answer 1

there was a shortage of women and workers.

Question 2

In the seventeenth century, what larger forces led to a decrease in the number of eligible bachelors in New England?

A) Devout Puritan men swore off sex.
B) Some of the men preferred other men.
C) Many men went to sea for work.
D) Many men moved west in search of land.

Answer 2

Many men moved west in search of land.

Question 3

What led Puritans to believe that Satan was in their midst?

A) Indian attacks on rural settlements
B) Crop failure year after year
C) Loss of wealth among merchants
D) Increase in church attendance

Answer 3

Indian attacks on rural settlements

Question 4

What led to a great decline in the value of women's labor near the end of the seventeenth century?

A) Increasing numbers of young women.
B) The spread of indentured servitude and slavery.
C) The fracturing of families due to war and other hardships.
D) Household technology advanced, requiring women to work less.

Question 5

In colonial America, which class of families most eagerly tried to control the behavior of their sons and daughters to build commercial and political alliances?

A) Wealthy families
B) Middle-class families
C) Working-class families
D) Impoverished families

Question 6

According to the passage, what duties did Eliza Lucas perform on her family's South Carolina plantation?

A) As a woman, she was exempt from most responsibilities.
B) She cooked the family meals and kept up the house.
C) She managed finances and supervised fieldwork.
D) She took care of the livestock.

Question 7

Many women who were accused of witchcraft had also

A) not regularly attended religious services.
B) challenged male relatives and neighbors for property.
C) been unable to recite the Lord's Prayer to perfection.
D) lived next door to another accused witch.

Question 8

Compared to witch-hunts in Europe, those in seventeenth-century North America were

A) smaller but more frequent.
B) smaller and less frequent.
C) larger and more frequent.
D) larger but less frequent.

Question 9

What did a person's economic success signal to New England ministers?

A) A successful person was being rewarded for godly behavior.
B) Successful people were sinful and greedy.
C) Rich and poor were equal in the sight of God.
D) A successful person could give more to the church.

Question 10

Women accused of practicing witchcraft were often

A) mothers.
B) married.
C) old.
D) poor.

Question 11

How could servants or slaves who were being abused by their masters bring an end to the abuse?

A) By filing a complaint with a judge
B) By running away
C) By appealing to male leaders in the community
D) Through the intervention of the mistress

Question 12

Witch-hunts occurred most often in which region of colonial North America?

A) The South
B) The West
C) New England
D) Mid-Atlantic

Question 13

How did men with children respond when their wives died in colonial America?

A) They remarried as quickly as possible.
B) They remained celibate for five years.
C) They gave the children over to the women in their wife's family.
D) They became stay-at-home dads.

Question 14

What physical environment was most hazardous to the health of newborn babies in the eighteenth century?

A) Large plantations
B) Small towns
C) Family farms
D) Urban areas

Question 15

In colonial America, why was gossip an important tool of self-defense for a woman who was being abused by her husband?

A) Newspapers regularly printed gossip columns.
B) A woman's word was more likely to be believed than a man's.
C) A wife had little chance of legal redress against her husband.
D) Gossip was used to warn other women.

Question 16

According to the passage, what sort of evidence did Abigail Faulkner complain had been used against her during her witchcraft trial at Salem?

A) Circumstantial evidence
B) Empirical evidence
C) Spectral evidence
D) Spiritual evidence

Question 17

Puritan disagreement over the use of inoculations for smallpox reflected tensions over what broader issue?

A) Church versus state
B) Agriculture versus medicine
C) Science versus business
D) Faith versus science

Question 18

Which group of people had the lowest fertility rates in the eighteenth century?

A) Irish Americans
B) African Americans
C) Anglo Americans
D) German Americans

Question 19

What practice did Puritan minister Samuel Sewell condemn as evidence of moral depravity?

A) Wearing black clothing instead of brightly colored fabrics
B) Reading novels, plays, and other forms of fiction
C) Donning powdered wigs in place of God-given hair
D) Reading the Bible without ministerial guidance

Question 20

What special skill earned colonial women power in their household and the community?

A) Cooking
B) Sewing
C) Midwifery
D) Public speaking

Question 21

In the eighteenth century, to what did colonists attribute their living longer than their European counterparts?

A) Fresher air
B) Better diets
C) Cleaner water
D) Well-trained doctors

Question 22

When Moravian, Scots-Irish, and German immigrants moved to settle on Indian land throughout rural Pennsylvania, what was the result?

A) European immigrants used their superior weaponry and killed the Indians.
B) Indians dictated the terms and only gave Europeans land with infertile soil.
C) The lines between Indian and European immigrant settlements blurred.
D) Boundaries between communities were strict and clearly marked.

Question 23

German Pietists migrated to Great Britain and North America during the Enlightenment and influenced many different groups of people with their core belief that spiritual life could be revived by

A) training more ministers.
B) having services every day instead of only Sunday.
C) restoring intensity and emotion to worship.
D) regular Bible study.

Question 24

The Enlightenment of the eighteenth century was a

A) cultural movement that emphasized rational and scientific thinking.
B) religious movement that emphasized formal training and biblical literacy.
C) political movement that demanded more rights for women.
D) superstitious movement that embraced witches and other evil forces.

Question 25

What was the lasting legacy of the Great Awakening on American Protestantism?

A) A style of passionate and popular preaching
B) A belief in equal rights for African Americans
C) A distrust of learned clergy
D) A widespread faith among the wealthy

Question 26

Where did Jewish American families mostly settle in the mid-eighteenth century?

A) Only in New York
B) Only in Pennsylvania
C) Small towns
D) Seaport cities

Question 27

Great Awakening preachers connected religious teachings to political philosophies by

A) preaching that church and state should be distinct.
B) inspiring the use of political documents as religious texts.
C) encouraging participants to vote for religious conservatives.
D) highlighting the democratic tendencies in the Bible.

Question 28

Throughout the eighteenth century, which imperial power kidnapped men from North American seaport cities and forced them to serve in its navy?

A) France
B) Great Britain
C) United States
D) Netherlands

Question 29

Why were there continual struggles and wars between English and Indians over land in eighteenth-century Pennsylvania?

A) The English hoped to convert Indians to Christianity.
B) The Scots-Irish and Germans set up the English to fight for them.
C) The growing settler population simply claimed land without permission.
D) The Indians wanted their land back after they gave it to the English.

Question 30

Why didn't formal churches benefit from the revivals of the Great Awakening?

A) The ministers in charge did not want to start their own churches.
B) People wanted something different from institutionalized religion anyway.
C) The central tenets of the movement undermined established church authority.
D) Established ministers blocked the movement from growing.

Question 31

What central tenet of revivalist preaching marked the Great Awakening?

A) Stability
B) Tradition
C) Stoicism
D) Criticism of educated clergy

Question 32

What inspired large numbers of Scots-Irish to migrate to Pennsylvania in the 1720s and 1730s?

A) Lack of employment back home
B) Bad harvests and high rents back home
C) War with England
D) Religious freedom

Question 33

What social group held the most influence over markets, politics, and the courts throughout the colonial period?

A) Large landowners
B) Ministers
C) Colonial governors
D) Lawyers

Question 34

What role did the Great Awakening have in colonial American political culture?

A) It called for greater separation between church and state.
B) It inspired free thinking and rebellion against authority.
C) It led to a period of conservatism and repression.
D) It discouraged women from participating in politics.

Question 35

In 1750, it became apparent that colonists had become used to religious diversity and toleration when Old and New Light ministers

A) defended the rights of Catholics to pray.
B) agreed to stop trying to convert Indians.
C) resisted the crown's appointment of an Anglican bishop for the colonies.
D) formed a unified association of Protestants against Catholic influences.

Question 36

What group was especially welcome and celebrated by the outdoor revivals of the Great Awakening?

A) The poor, because traditional class hierarchies that ordered the church were absent
B) The wealthy, because the revivals were organized and sponsored by them
C) Catholics, because they were being left out of mainline Protestantism
D) Older men and women who were pushed aside by the church

Question 37

In the eighteenth century, under what circumstances were women given a right to make their voice heard and participate in popular public protests?

A) When their husbands were given the right to vote
B) When the country was at war
C) When their children turned 18
D) When their grievances concerned domestic issues

Question 38

Pennsylvania's founder, William Penn, belonged to which religious community?

A) Quakers
B) Moravians
C) Presbyterians
D) Lutherans

Question 39

How did conflicts within the Iroquois Confederacy in the eighteenth century enable English settlers in Pennsylvania to pry more land away from the Indians?

A) The English appealed to a weak chief and used him against the others to get land.
B) One chief did not hold up his side of the bargain within the Confederacy and was forced to give up his land.
C) One Iroquois chief declared his authority over the Delaware Indians by giving a portion of their land to the English.
D) While Indians fought each other, the English occupied their land and refused to move.

Question 40

How did natural reproduction, the immigration of children, and healthier settlement patterns affect colonial society in the eighteenth century?

A) Women rose in status.
B) Infant mortality increased.
C) The colonies suffered from overcrowding.
D) The population was younger.

Question 41

Who maintained ultimate political authority over seventeenth-century colonial settlements?

A) The democratically elected governor
B) The wealthiest man in town
C) The king of Great Britain
D) The crown-appointed governor

Question 42

What was the important result of Lewis Morris's political work in the 1730s?

A) British libel laws were changed.
B) Women were given the vote.
C) Morris was elected governor.
D) Ordinary freemen participated in elections.

Question 43

How did English officials and wealthy colonists with power ensure the masses would defer to their authority?

A) By holding public elections by voice vote rather than secret ballot
B) By allowing only wealthy men to vote
C) By threatening the livelihoods and families of ordinary people
D) By holding private elections

Question 44

Colonists in Boston rioted against impressment in 1747. Why was this important?

A) It ended the system of impressments.
B) It led the Royal Navy to impress men in Philadelphia rather than Boston.
C) It showed that colonists would fight against those who sought to deprive them of liberty.
D) It inspired men already in the Royal Navy to abandon their ships.

Question 45

In New York in 1734, the legal basis for a libel charge was if the published material

A) was untrue.
B) undermined government authority.
C) criticized any religion.
D) was slanderous and shameful.

Question 46

On what basis did Lewis Morris join other colonial elites in 1733 to work against the recently appointed governor of New York?

A) The governor planned to organize a cross-class alliance to advance his agenda.
B) The governor stood against the interest of elite New Yorkers.
C) The governor was an elitist who didn't understand life in the colonies.
D) The governor was tied to ministerial corruption in England.