Deck 20: Empire and Wars

Question 1

Yellow journalism described newspaper accounts that were

A) fair and balanced.
B) sensational and exaggerated.
C) thoroughly researched.
D) socially responsible.

Answer 1

sensational and exaggerated.

Question 2

The American conviction that native Cubans and Filipinos were not ready for self-governance after their liberation from Spain reflected the belief that

A) their lands would otherwise be vulnerable to conquest by other European nations.
B) the involvement of the United States would guarantee the establishment of democracy.
C) nonwhite peoples were inferior and needed to be educated and protected by whites.
D) an independent Cuba and Philippines were a threat to American security.

Answer 2

nonwhite peoples were inferior and needed to be educated and protected by whites.

Question 3

President McKinley's imperialist agenda was signaled by his declaration of war on Spain and

A) support for the Teller Amendment.
B) support of Philippine independence.
C) rejection of Mahan's theories.
D) annexation of the Hawaiian islands.

Answer 3

annexation of the Hawaiian islands.

Question 4

What did the slogan Cuba Libre convey?

A) Indigenous people rejected colonialism.
B) Cubans rejected American consumer goods.
C) Cubans resented the influence of Christian missionaries.
D) Cubans fought for gender equality and women's suffrage.

Question 5

Between 1880 and 1900, the U.S. navy went from being the twelfth most powerful in the world to the

A) tenth.
B) eighth.
C) fifth.
D) third.

Question 6

Who led the Philippine resistance to American occupation at the end of the nineteenth century?

A) José Marti
B) Maximo Gómez
C) Enrique Depuy de Lôme
D) Emilio Aguinaldo

Question 7

In the Cuban and Filipino rebellions against Spain, the role of the United States

A) went from supporting Spain's colonial rule to supporting the indigenous peoples.
B) went from supporting the independence of the indigenous peoples to colonizing them.
C) went from fighting Spain for control of the islands to granting the islands independence.
D) was to help both peoples win their independence and then withdraw its support.

Question 8

The Naval Act of 1890 can be interpreted as a fulfillment of the vision of

A) Josiah Strong.
B) John Fiske.
C) Rudyard Kipling.
D) Alfred Thayer Mahan.

Question 9

American "jingoism" was a response to the

A) perceived inferiority of nonwhite peoples.
B) demand for Christian missionaries in China.
C) late-nineteenth-century masculinity crisis.
D) lengthy campaign for women's suffrage.

Question 10

Which of the following inspired criticism of U.S. military involvement in the Philippines?

A) News of battlefield atrocities perpetrated by American soldiers
B) The fact that Filipino rebels had turned against American forces
C) Concern that the American military would be defeated by the Filipinos
D) Support for rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo's call for "Independence or death!"

Question 11

President William McKinley came to favor U.S. intervention in the Spanish-Cuban war when he

A) was convinced Spain would lose to Cuba.
B) was called "weak" by the Spanish ambassador.
C) read that the Spanish had blown up the Maine.
D) learned of Spanish brutality toward Cubans.

Question 12

The growing market for sugar during the late nineteenth century motivated American businessmen to invest in

A) Cuba.
B) Guam.
C) the Philippines.
D) Hawaii.

Question 13

The United States was motivated to begin pursuing an imperialist agenda at the end of the nineteenth century because the country

A) needed more land for its growing population.
B) needed a new source of raw materials to supply its industries.
C) was producing more manufactured goods than its population could use.
D) wanted to undermine revolutionary movements in countries like Cuba.

Question 14

Who prevented the annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1893?

A) Queen Liliuokalani
B) Grover Cleveland
C) The U.S. marines
D) American Christian missionaries

Question 15

The ideal of "Cuba Libre" encompassed independence from Spain and

A) the emancipation of black slaves.
B) greater racial and economic equality.
C) free trade with the United States.
D) the end of colonialism in the Caribbean.

Question 16

Why was the United States able to defeat Spain so quickly?

A) U.S. troops were better trained and equipped.
B) U.S. soldiers were less vulnerable to disease.
C) The Spanish had been worn down by war with the Cubans.
D) Fewer Americans died in combat.

Question 17

The belief embraced by American men at the turn of the twentieth century that "civilizing" nonwhite peoples was an expression of manly honor was inspired by

A) Josiah Strong.
B) John D. Rockefeller.
C) John Sharp Williams.
D) Rudyard Kipling.

Question 18

Of the following, who would have agreed with Secretary of State John Hay's description of the war with Spain as a "splendid little war"?

A) Theodore Roosevelt
B) Henry M. Teller
C) Andrew Carnegie
D) Samuel Gompers

Question 19

Which of the following did Congregationalist Minister Josiah Strong believe when it came to foreign policy?

A) Americans were well advised to steer clear from foreign entanglements.
B) Foreign nations could only drag Americans down.
C) Americans should only engage foreign nations in war and trade.
D) Americans had a duty to uplift the "inferior" nations.

Question 20

The Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, signed in 1901, made it possible for the United States to

A) send warships into Panama City's harbor.
B) prevent European investment in the Caribbean.
C) build a canal between the Atlantic and the Pacific.
D) gain access to China's consumer markets.

Question 21

In 1905, President Roosevelt was motivated to organize the Portsmouth peace conference because he feared

A) China would be colonized by Russia or Japan.
B) Russia was gaining too much influence on the world stage.
C) white nations were losing their power and influence in Asia.
D) Japan's military might was a threat to American security.

Question 22

Why did Jane Addams and Carrie Chapman Catt form a political party in 1915?

A) To pressure Woodrow Wilson in endorsing nationwide women's suffrage
B) To split the Republican ticket and secure a win for the Democratic incumbent Woodrow Wilson
C) To create a one-issue party committed to temperance
D) To create a political voice for a nationwide commitment to neutrality in World War I

Question 23

How many American men were drafted to fight in the Great War before its end?

A) 500,000
B) 1 million
C) 2 million
D) 3 million

Question 24

Who was in charge of the Food Administration during World War I and its efforts to secure the food supply of civilians as well as troops?

A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
B) Herbert Hoover
C) Bernard Baruch
D) George Creel

Question 25

The Open Door Policy gave the United States the opportunity to trade with which of the following countries?

A) China
B) Russia
C) Japan
D) Korea

Question 26

Who of the following would have argued that women's tendency to prefer peace over war was a basis for denying them the right to vote?

A) John Sharp Williams
B) William McKinley
C) Woodrow Wilson
D) Alfred Thayer Mahan

Question 27

Which country controlled Panama during U.S. negotiations to construct the Panama Canal?

A) France
B) England
C) Nicaragua
D) Colombia

Question 28

During World War I, who was responsible for the effectiveness of the War Industries Board?

A) General John Pershing
B) Bernard Baruch
C) Herbert Hoover
D) George Creel

Question 29

U.S. intervention in Nicaragua was motivated by a desire to

A) protect U.S. business interests there.
B) support its democratically elected government.
C) establish a military base in Central America.
D) replace Dollar Diplomacy with military action.

Question 30

The threat of Dominican bankruptcy in 1904 motivated President Theodore Roosevelt to

A) agree to cover the $22 million in loans the Dominican Republic owed to European nations.
B) claim the right to intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American and Caribbean countries.
C) refuse to provide American support, paving the way for European intervention.
D) send American warships to protect the Dominican Republic from European aggressors.

Question 31

The United States intervened in the Boxer uprising in order to

A) help European business interests retain exclusive control of Chinese markets.
B) support China's efforts to expel the Europeans and nationalize foreign holdings.
C) help China repel military invasions by Russia and Japan.
D) force Europe to grant Americans access to free trade with China.

Question 32

Wilson's reelection in 1916 can be attributed to

A) the American public's ambivalence about entering the war.
B) the American public's outrage over the Lusitania affair.
C) his unsuccessful efforts to negotiate an armistice.
D) his signing of the National Defense Act.

Question 33

President William Howard Taft's statement that he would like to substitute "dollars for bullets" inspired

A) American bankers to increase their investments in Central America.
B) American bankers to increase their investments in China.
C) American citizens to increase their purchases of imported goods.
D) the establishment of new trading relationships with Japan and Korea.

Question 34

During World War I, how did the federal government win the support of big business for the war effort?

A) With legislation and regulation
B) By offering economic incentives
C) Through the use of propaganda
D) By calling for patriotic sacrifice

Question 35

President Wilson's inability to remain neutral in the conflict between the Allies and the Central Powers was the result of

A) America's fear of Britain's superior military strength.
B) anti-German sentiment among ordinary Americans.
C) America's economic dependence on the Allies.
D) pressure from the American banking sector.

Question 36

President Woodrow Wilson's response to the Mexican Revolution in 1911 reflected his

A) commitment to moral diplomacy.
B) acceptance of the Roosevelt Corollary.
C) support for national sovereignty.
D) desire to preserve American neutrality.

Question 37

The United States' decision to declare war on Germany was motivated by Germany's

A) attempt to forge a secret alliance with Mexico.
B) rejection of Wilson's "peace without victory" plan.
C) sinking of armed American merchant ships.
D) sinking of the British passenger ship Lusitania.

Question 38

Despite their differences, Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson both believed that

A) participation in a war was key to the development of true masculinity.
B) nations should work collectively to preserve international peace and stability.
C) the United States had the right to intervene in the affairs of other nations.
D) it was imperative for the United States to gain access to the China market.

Question 39

The Roosevelt Corollary guided President Taft's policies in

A) China.
B) Russia.
C) Nicaragua.
D) Japan.

Question 40

President Wilson's approach to adapting the economy to meet the demands of war reflected the influence of

A) Progressives.
B) Republicans.
C) Bolsheviks.
D) Socialists.

Question 41

In which of the following ways did home-front mobilization transform women's lives during World War I?

A) Women entered the paid workforce in unprecedented numbers.
B) Working women began to earn salaries equal to those of men.
C) Women were freed of the responsibility for housework and childcare.
D) Women were encouraged to join the armed forces alongside men.

Question 42

Who led the opposition to U.S. involvement in the League of Nations?

A) Henry Cabot Lodge
B) William Jennings Bryan
C) W.E.B. Du Bois
D) Charles Evans Hughes

Question 43

During his last eighteen months in office, Woodrow Wilson

A) worked tirelessly to rally public support for the Versailles treaty.
B) convinced Congress to support his vision of the League of Nations.
C) was convinced that Congress should retain the right to declare war.
D) largely withdrew from active participation in political debates.

Question 44

The congressmen referred to as "irreconcilables" were opposed to the United States

A) declaring war on Germany.
B) joining the League of Nations.
C) giving the vote to women.
D) adhering to the Monroe Doctrine.

Question 45

The government's concern that the American public was not solidly in support of the war is evidenced by the

A) establishment of the American Protective League.
B) passage of the Espionage and Sedition acts.
C) introduction of the terms liberty cabbage and liberty sandwiches.
D) passage of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

Question 46

Which of the following did the American Protective League engage in during World War I?

A) Members spied on German immigrants.
B) Members signed young men up for the draft.
C) Its volunteers offered public five-minute sales pitches for government bonds.
D) Its volunteers shipped off to France on their own accord to aid the Allies on the Western Front.

Question 47

The decline in the number of women employed in domestic service during World War I can be attributed to

A) the temporary availability of higher-paying and higher-prestige jobs.
B) the fact that, with men off at war, many families could no longer afford help.
C) the fact that, with men off at war, there was less household work to be done.
D) the fact that household roles were partially filled by children's work in food production.

Question 48

In order to conserve fuel for the war effort, the Wilson administration established

A) the eight-hour workday.
B) meatless Tuesdays.
C) school gardens.
D) daylight savings time.

Question 49

Which of the following conclusions does Figure 20.1, U.S. Exports and Imports, 1870-1910, allow?

A) The bulk of U.S. exports went to Europe and Canada.
B) Protective tariffs were lifted in 1890.
C) The U.S. trade deficit grew steadily worse.
D) The value of U.S. exports actually declined slightly between 1880 and 1890.

Question 50

Which of the following characterizes the intent of Wilson's Fourteen Points?

A) To the victors go the spoils.
B) Equality should be established among the nations.
C) The United States rules the world.
D) Long-lasting peace is unattainable.

Question 51

Why did the Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?

A) The reparations it required of Germany were insufficient.
B) The Senators believed in international free trade.
C) It did not adequately punish Russia for abandoning the Allies.
D) The Senate opposed a collective approach to foreign policy.

Question 52

How does the cartoon "A Bigger Job Than He Thought For" (Document 20.3) represent Filipinos?

A) As ungrateful
B) As docile
C) As lazy
D) As sexually promiscuous