Deck 10: Social and Cultural Ferment in the North

Question 1

What was the position of the group of Americans who took the name "nativists" in the 1840s?

A) Only Native Americans should be working in factories, not those of European descent.
B) Immigration should be stopped, especially of Irish people.
C) Immigration should be restricted only to Irish people and those from Europe.
D) Only those who were at least third-generation Americans should hold public office.

Answer 1

Immigration should be stopped, especially of Irish people.

Question 2

How did middle-class women acquire shoes and cloth by the mid-nineteenth century?

A) They bartered for them handmade from neighbors.
B) They purchased them factory-made from shops.
C) They made them themselves.
D) They purchased them handmade from Europe.

Answer 2

They purchased them factory-made from shops.

Question 3

What vital means of communication connected Baltimore to Washington, D.C., in 1844?

A) The telegraph
B) The post office
C) The radio
D) The messenger bird

Answer 3

The telegraph

Question 4

What effect did the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 have on the state of New York?

A) Rochester became the state's fastest-growing city, even outpacing New York City.
B) Thousands of immigrants were inspired to leave New York State for Canada.
C) People were pushed out of the countryside and into New York City.
D) Rochester, New York, was thrust into economic depression.

Question 5

What groups immigrated in record numbers to the United States between 1820 and 1850?

A) Mexicans
B) Europeans
C) Asians
D) Africans

Question 6

What vital means of transportation invented in the 1830s served to whisk wealthy city-dwellers away from their poor neighbors and out into the suburbs and countryside whenever possible?

A) Coal-powered trains
B) Horse-drawn streetcars
C) Steam-powered streetcars
D) Steam-powered boats

Question 7

By 1850, of the ten most populous urban centers in the United States, only two of them were located in the

A) South.
B) Northeast.
C) West.
D) Southwest.

Question 8

What led New England farm girls to resign from working in the mills and return to their family farms in the 1840s?

A) Working conditions became increasingly unbearable.
B) Their jobs were gradually taken over by men.
C) The advances in mechanization decreased the need for unskilled labor.
D) Too many years working in the mills made them undesirable marriage partners.

Question 9

Who served as the primary labor force in mid-nineteenth-century textile mills?

A) Young children and older adults
B) Unskilled laborers from urban areas
C) Girls and women from rural areas
D) Men and women who recently emigrated

Question 10

Which age group was drawn to urban life in the 1840s and 1850s?

A) The elderly
B) The middle aged
C) The young
D) All ages

Question 11

How did the shift from craft to factory work in the mid-nineteenth century affect workingmen?

A) The number of jobs available to skilled workers increased.
B) The skills and pay of workingmen were threatened.
C) Skilled workers were able to train and mentor larger numbers of apprentices.
D) Skilled workers were forced to give away the tricks of their trades.

Question 12

Which Americans were deemed "worthy" of public assistance in the 1840s?

A) Anglo or Irish-American men, women, and children
B) Black men, women, and children
C) Anglo or Irish-American men
D) Women and children of all backgrounds

Question 13

When conditions in textile factory towns changed in the 1830s, workers responded by

A) working longer hours for less pay because they needed the money.
B) quitting and returning home because they could no longer tolerate the conditions.
C) organizing numerous strikes, hoping to compel the owners to heed their demands.
D) discouraging friends and family members from joining them for work.

Question 14

What was the purpose of the General Trades Union, a citywide federation formed in New York City in 1834?

A) To discourage factories from hiring women
B) To ensure the election of worker-friendly politicians
C) To provide support for striking workers
D) To advocate for expanded suffrage for workers

Question 15

What traditional leisure activity of the wealthy became accessible to the working class during the 1830s?

A) Sailing
B) Horse racing
C) Cycling
D) Theater

Question 16

What kind of work was readily available for free black men in the 1840s?

A) Maritime work
B) Steelyard work
C) Coal mining
D) Restaurant work

Question 17

What was referred to as the Second Great Awakening?

A) Ancient Jewish gatherings to celebrate the high holidays
B) Outdoor Catholic masses conducted entirely in Latin
C) Southern-style campfires and meetings of evangelical Christians
D) European-style gatherings of Unitarians and Quakers

Question 18

What were central to a middle-class woman's identity during the middle decades of the nineteenth century?

A) White skin and the latest fashions
B) Moderate drinking and frequent social calls
C) Church attendance and volunteer work
D) Childrearing and homemaking

Question 19

What pressures made labor organizations fragile and vulnerable in the 1830s?

A) Differences among the members
B) Uniformity of the members
C) Association with communism
D) Union-busting schemes of factory owners

Question 20

The almshouse and workhouse in the nineteenth century were intended to

A) support the most vulnerable and needy without expectation of anything in return.
B) keep criminals off the streets and poor people out of jail.
C) ensure that poor people were working and no one was given a free ride.
D) give unemployed men a place to go to get their lives together.

Question 21

In the 1840s, Washingtonian societies were groups of

A) men who were trying to stop drinking.
B) former military officers who were reliving old times.
C) Irish workers who were providing each other support.
D) temperance activists who were planning new protests.

Question 22

Which leading writer of the mid-nineteenth century founded transcendentalism?

A) John Updike
B) Henry David Thoreau
C) Margaret Fuller
D) Ralph Waldo Emerson

Question 23

What effect did the Second Great Awakening have on the temperance movement in the mid-nineteenth century?

A) It called the temperance movement a fraud.
B) It drew many followers from the temperance movement.
C) Its message was different from that of the temperance movement.
D) It gave great momentum to the temperance movement

Question 24

What group founded the American Temperance Society in 1826?

A) Working-class men
B) Women of all classes
C) Businessmen and clergymen
D) Middle-class female reformers

Question 25

Who authored the pamphlet Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens, outlining black radicalism in 1829?

A) David Walker
B) Frederick Douglass
C) Benjamin Lundy
D) William Lloyd Garrison

Question 26

Why was the work of minister Charles Finney especially important and influential in Rochester, New York?

A) Rochester was predominantly a Catholic city prior to Finney's arrival.
B) Rochester tried to ban Finney and his companions from holding meetings in the first place.
C) Finney converted many of the city's most influential people to a life of faith.
D) Finney inspired a mass exodus from mainline Protestantism to the more fervent evangelical practices of Baptists.

Question 27

Who organized the 1855 Rum Riot in Portland, Maine, in response to restrictions on the production or sale of alcohol?

A) Working-class men of all backgrounds
B) Irish workers
C) German men of all classes
D) Anglo-American working women and men

Question 28

Which nineteenth-century utopian society was known for its unconventional attitudes toward sex and sexuality?

A) New Harmony
B) Oneida
C) Brook Farm
D) Walden Pond

Question 29

Why were free blacks the most vocal advocates of abolition prior to the 1830s?

A) Slaves only wanted free blacks advocating on their behalf
B) White people had too much to lose by working to end slavery
C) Free blacks forbade whites from speaking out against slavery
D) Most whites didn't really care about slavery for a long time

Question 30

Utopian leader Robert Dale Owen was set apart from his counterparts because he

A) advocated equality for women when the others did not.
B) was the only one to argue against slavery.
C) embraced activism in the larger world and held elected office.
D) exploited the dependency and financial worth of his followers.

Question 31

First established in 1787, what set Unitarians apart from other Christian denominations?

A) They valued a rational approach to the divine.
B) They did not seek money from their members.
C) They rejected science and math as worldly evils.
D) They required families to join as a unit.

Question 32

As maintained by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, in a theocracy,

A) members must obey their inner god rather than that of an external leader.
B) the entire community is governed by religious leaders.
C) local laws are more important than religious laws.
D) members must attend weekly services and Bible study.

Question 33

What is the founding text of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints?

A) The Bible
B) The Koran
C) The Book of Mormon
D) The Torah

Question 34

What was the main role for women in the temperance movement?

A) To encourage family members to stop drinking
B) To stop drinking themselves
C) To educate members of their church on the dangers of drinking
D) To raise public concern about the plight of women with alcoholic husbands

Question 35

Which denomination ministered primarily to laboring men and women in the mid-nineteenth century?

A) Quaker
B) Episcopal
C) Congregational
D) Methodist

Question 36

What two ideas did Margaret Fuller combine in her famous book Woman in the Nineteenth Century?

A) Pacifism and women's rights
B) Transcendentalism and women's rights
C) Women's rights and abolitionism
D) Abolitionism and pacifism

Question 37

Why did Protestant workingmen embrace the temperance movement?

A) It allowed them to differentiate themselves from Irishmen.
B) It was forced on them by their employers in order to save their jobs.
C) Their wives insisted they join the cause.
D) They couldn't afford alcohol anymore, so it was not hard to embrace.

Question 38

In the mid-nineteenth century, what inspired so many middle-class Protestants to participate in reform movements?

A) They longed for community.
B) Rich people created so much suffering.
C) They believed in a social gospel.
D) Catholics weren't doing enough.

Question 39

Why did some utopian communities, including the one established by George Ripley in Massachusetts, develop a plan where people were paid according to how their jobs contributed to the community's well-being?

A) It was a recruitment strategy.
B) It gave greater spiritual meaning to menial labor.
C) It was key to building community in a capitalist society.
D) It was the most viable organizing model to ensure economic stability.

Question 40

Emerging in the 1830s, transcendentalists believed the power of the Universal Being was accessible through

A) religious services.
B) direct communication.
C) diet.
D) nature.

Question 41

Congregationalist ministers in Massachusetts criticized the Grimkés for their speeches in the 1830s because the

A) ministers believed in colonization, not total abolition.
B) Grimkés were women speaking to a mixed crowd of men and women.
C) Grimkés were white and had not experienced slavery firsthand.
D) Grimkés undermined the authority of male abolitionist leaders.

Question 42

The abolitionist convictions of Sarah and Angelina Grimké carried particular weight because they were

A) women.
B) Southerners.
C) white.
D) Methodists.

Question 43

What effect did Anglo-American culture have on the lives of Seneca and other Indian women in the 1840s?

A) They lost the few rights they had.
B) They looked to Anglo-American women for inspiration and hope.
C) They quickly gained rights as they became more in line with Anglo-American traditions.
D) They lost traditional landowning and decision-making rights as they adopted Anglo-American traditions.

Question 44

The purpose of the Underground Railroad was to

A) transport fugitive slaves safely to freedom.
B) provide more affordable transportation for free blacks as well as slaves.
C) make it easier for slave catchers to find runaways.
D) provide an alternative source of transportation for abolitionists and other activists.