Deck 1: Ethical Competencies and Perspectives

Question 1

All of the following are components of the Care Ethic EXCEPT ______.

A) value emotions
B) separate the public and private spheres
C) specific needs over universal principles
D) people are interdependent

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The Categorical Imperative has been criticized for ______.

A) being hard to remember
B) disrespecting the rights of individuals
C) undermining the moral courage of decision makers
D) arguing that universal principles apply in every situation

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A boss bullying an employee violates which of Kant's categorical imperatives?

A) the golden mean
B) equal liberties
C) treating humanity as an end
D) justice as fairness

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which ethical perspective argues that decisions should be based on what does the most good for the greatest number of people?

A) categorical imperative
B) confucianism
C) utilitarianism
D) altruism

Question 5

What is the goal for utilitarianism?

A) maximize profits
B) maximize the good effects or outcomes of decisions
C) pursue what is best for one's self
D) define personal goals and virtues

Question 6

All of the following are true statements about Confucianism EXCEPT ______.

A) advocates for the Golden Rule
B) promotes personal virtue or character
C) emphasizes that people are social creatures
D) forbids making a profit

Question 7

Why should you practice ethical pluralism?

A) find a better solution to a dilemma
B) integrate multiple perspectives
C) new insights for better decision-making
D) all of these

Question 8

______ serves as the foundation for moral rights.

A) Justice as fairness
B) Categorical imperative
C) Ethic of care
D) Aristotelian

Question 9

All of the following are considered strengths of altruism EXCEPT ______.

A) promotes character
B) prevents ethical abuses
C) recognizes that altruism is rare
D) promotes healthy relationships

Question 10

Which approach is based on concern for specific individuals?

A) ethic of care
B) utilitarianism
C) justice as fairness
D) none of these

Question 11

Juanita sets limits on how much her employees use work computers for personal business. However, she does not completely ban personal use. She is following which ethical principle?

A) the golden mean
B) the golden rule
C) what is right for one is right for all
D) the difference principle

Question 12

Which is a true statement about Aristotelian ethics?

A) make the right choices by following rules or principles
B) seek pleasure
C) it is easy to find the ethical middle ground
D) build character through good habits

Question 13

All of the following are examples of organizational citizenship behavior EXCEPT ______.

A) staying after hours to help a colleague
B) teaching a newcomer about office procedures
C) showing up on time for work everyday
D) volunteering to clean up after the office party

Question 14

According to Aristotle, happiness comes from ______.
A. pleasure
B. wealth
C. living well on our own
D. fulfilling our purpose

Question 15

Who declared "what is right for one is right for all?"

A) Immanuel Kant
B) John Rawls
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) John Stuart Mill

Question 16

What is a true statement about altruism?

A) people are naturally selfish
B) easy to put into practice
C) promotes healthy organizations
D) can be counted on to always produce good results

Question 17

______ is the Chinese practice of favoring those with social connections.

A) Guanxi
B) Li
C) Etiquette
D) none of these

Question 18

Which theorist is associated with Justice as Fairness theory?

A) Immanuel Kant
B) John Rawls
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) John Stuart Mill

Question 19

What is the most important virtue according to Confucius?

A) benevolence
B) persistence
C) friendliness
D) discernment

Question 20

The ethic of care is associated with which ethical perspective?

A) aristotelian ethics
B) confucianism
C) altruism
D) categorical imperative

Question 21

______ refers to the fact that organizations are greater than the sum of their parts.

A) Hierarchy
B) Synergy
C) Socially constructed
D) None of these

Question 22

What is NOT a key element of Confucianism?

A) relationships
B) etiquette (policies, norms, and procedures)
C) personal virtues
D) risk

Question 23

A limited number of flu shots were available at the hospital this season. Dr. Parr chose to prioritize flu shots for the infants under the age of 2, and any adult over the age of 80. This is an example of which ethical approach?

A) Kant's categorical imperative approach
B) Rawl's justice as fairness approach
C) Utilitarian approach
D) Aristotelian live well approach

Question 24

What is a key element to developing our ethical competence?

A) ethical theories
B) ethical solutions
C) ethical temptations
D) ethical dilemmas

Question 25

To become an ethical expert ______.

A) learn in a well structured environment
B) practice ethical problem solving
C) learn from previous ethical experts
D) all of these

Question 26

Which ethical perspective is likely to overemphasize relationships?

A) aristotelian ethics
B) confucian ethics
C) utilitarianism
D) Kant's categorical imperative

Question 27

Which ethical perspective emphasizes choices based on duty?

A) Kant's categorical imperative
B) confucianism
C) justice as fairness theory
D) utilitarianism

Question 28

Utilitarians consider what type of consequences when making ethical determinations?

A) short-term consequences
B) long-term consequences
C) medium-term consequences
D) short- and long-term consequences

Question 29

The importance of etiquette (policies, norms, procedures, rituals, etc.) is associated with which ethical perspective?

A) justice as fairness theory
B) aristotelian ethics
C) altruism
D) confucianism

Question 30

Which of the following is a cognitive decision-making skill or competency?

A) moral courage
B) moral sensitivity
C) moral reasoning
D) exercising business citizenship

Question 31

Which of the following was NOT included in Rawls' equal liberties?

A) freedom of speech and thought
B) right to vote
C) freedom to own personal property
D) freedom to profit from the highest gains possible

Question 32

Ethical experts develop expertise by ______.

A) learning in situations that reward successful behaviors
B) building on knowledge from prior generations
C) putting forth a sustained effort
D) all of these

Question 33

The "Golden Mean" is identified with which ethical perspective?

A) confucianism
B) aristotelian ethics
C) utilitarianism
D) Kant's categorical imperative

Question 34

What kind of approach is best when it comes to organizational ethics?

A) practical approach
B) analytical approach
C) complex approach
D) all of these

Question 35

All of the following are elements of the definition of organizations EXCEPT ______.

A) three or more people
B) goal directed
C) unstructured interaction
D) socially constructed

Question 36

All of the following are part of becoming an ethical expert EXCEPT ______.

A) practice
B) study only on your own
C) master both theory and skills
D) gain experience

Question 37

Communication networks are part of which organizational element?

A) socially constructed
B) goal directed
C) systems
D) structured interaction

Question 38

What number within a group makes for a formation of an organization?

A) 2 or more people
B) 3 or more people
C) 5 or more people
D) 12 or more people

Question 39

Alyssa strongly desires to become more ethical. She is demonstrating ______.

A) cognitive decision-making competence
B) affective pre-behavioral disposition competence
C) context management competence
D) none of these

Question 40

Which theorist believed, "What is right for one is right for all?"

A) Confucius
B) Immanuel Kant
C) John Rawls
D) Aristotle

Question 41

According to the Categorical Imperative, acts can be judged as moral or immoral based on their consequences.

Question 42

Jesse decided he would set some personal goals to develop his personal ethics rather than set a set of rules and guidelines. This is which kind of approach?

A) Aristotelian ethics approach
B) Rawl's justice as fairness
C) Kant's categorical imperative
D) Utilitarian approach

Question 43

Justice as Fairness theory protects the intrinsic value of individuals.

Question 44

Which principle of John Rawls is often included on job applications or organizational websites?

A) Principle 1: principle of equal liberty
B) Principle 2a: principle of equal opportunity
C) Principle 2b: difference principle
D) Principle 3: principle of fair compensation

Question 45

The term "eudemonia" can be translated as "flourishing."

Question 46

Which is NOT a principle noted by philosopher, John Rawls ______.

A) each person has an equal right to the same basic liberties that are compatible with similar liberties for all.
B) what is right for one is right for all.
C) social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions: (a) they are to be attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity, and (b) they are to be to the greatest benefit of the least advantaged members of society.
D) individual freedom is the key to an ethical society

Question 47

Which philosopher argued that we make better ethical decisions if we develop character traits and virtues, rather than by making right choices to follow rules and principles?

A) Kant
B) Rawls
C) Mills
D) Aristotle

Question 48

Ethics involves judgments about the rightness or wrongness of human behavior.

Question 49

Acting on professional values is one ethical competency identified as important to those in government and other organizations.

Question 50

Utilitarianism is a deontological approach to ethics.

Question 51

Status and power differences are part of every interaction between organizational members.

Question 52

Aristotle lays out specific rules for making ethical decisions.

Question 53

Which philosopher helped bridge the divide of ethical thought between individual freedom and social justice?

A) John Rawl
B) Immanuel Kant
C) Jeremy Bentham
D) John Stuart Mill

Question 54

In focusing on what's best for the group as a whole, Utilitarianism discounts the worth of the individual.

Question 55

Confucian thinkers downplay the importance of power and status.

Question 56

Confucianism emphasizes the importance of character to building healthy relationships.

Question 57

Justice as Fairness theory balances freedom and liberty.

Question 58

Respect for persons is the foundation of human rights.

Question 59

Becoming an ethical expert is different than becoming an expert in other fields.

Question 60

Care appears to be a universal value.

Question 61

Name the five components of the ethic of care that separate it from other moral philosophies.

Question 62

______ is a term used to describe people who take extreme measures and sacrifices to practice altruism.

Question 63

______ describes routine altruistic acts that increase productivity and build trusting relationships in the workplace.

Question 64

______ are sets of expectations, responsibilities, and duties associated with organizational positions.

Question 65

Philosopher John Rawls argued that members of a democratic society should step behind a veil of ______ when making ethical choices

Question 66

Philosopher, ______, held his theory which fell under the deontological ethics because of its approach with moral reasoning.

Question 67

Utilitarian decision makers may reach different conclusions when faced with the same dilemma.

Question 68

Rawl's principles are designed to foster cooperation and standards within organizations and democracies.

Question 69

The ______ was developed as an alternative to male-oriented approaches to ethics.

Question 70

The ______ describes choosing the moral middle ground between extremes.

Question 71

______ involves judgments about the rightness or wrongness of human behavior.

Question 72

Name and explain the two principles of Justice as Fairness theory?

Question 73

Utilitarian decision makers are only concerned with developing personal character.

Question 74

According to Immanuel Kant, "treating humanity as an end" means treating people with ______.

Question 75

Ethical ______ are critical to developing our ethical competence.

Question 76

Ethical ______ means applying multiple ethical approaches to solve the same problem.

Question 77

Confucius believed "what is right for one is right for all."

Question 78

______ involves the managerial skills needed to build ethical organizational environments.

Question 79

According to the ______ rule, the best choice is the alternative that guarantees everyone a minimum level of benefits.

Question 80

Explain the difference between Act and Rule Utilitarianism.