Deck 10: The Family

Question 1

Societies control romantic love by arranging marriages, isolating the young from potential mates, and applying peer and parental pressures.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Heterogamous marriages are marriages between people firmly committed to heterosexuality.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Research shows that the American family has undergone complete disintegration.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

About half the women in the United States are living without a husband.

Question 5

Polyandry is a custom that represents the freedom of sexual choice for women in the societies that practice it.

Question 6

Fears about the disintegration of the American family are a relatively new phenomenon.

Question 7

Societies trace descent and pass on property from one generation to the next in three ways: patrilineal; matrilineal; and bilineal.

Question 8

Amato and his co-authors found that happy couples were those who were committed to staying married.

Question 9

Families seldom vary in their composition and in their descent, residence, and authority patterns.

Question 10

All societies regulate the pool of eligible people from which individuals are expected to select a mate.

Question 11

Economic dislocations and the increased availability of nonnuclear kin may have encouraged the formation of extended family households in the early industrialization of the United States.

Question 12

The ancient Greeks defined romantic love as "diseased hysteria."

Question 13

According to the matching hypothesis, individuals of equal attractiveness are the ones most likely to reciprocate our advances.

Question 14

Sociologists agree that incest taboos are the only universal norm in the world.

Question 15

In a cross-cultural study, monogamy was the preferred or ideal type of marriage in fewer than 20 percent of the 862 societies surveyed.

Question 16

The psychological well-being of parents is, on average, a little worse than that of childless couples, and it remains lower until children grow up and move out of the household.

Question 17

Children born outside of marriage are rare in the United States, with fewer than 10 percent of all babies born to unmarried mothers in 2008.

Question 18

The model of the family that includes a married couple, breadwinner husband and homemaker wife, and children now describes only one in five families in the United States.

Question 19

Sociologists agree that industrialization and extended family patterns are incompatible.

Question 20

According to exchange theory, we like those who reward us and dislike those who punish us.

Question 21

In an egalitarian arrangement, the husband always has a greater say in decisions than the wife.

Question 22

Most religions frown on cohabitation, and it is rare in the United States; about five percent of married couples have cohabited before they got married.

Question 23

Unwed motherhood is declining.

Question 24

Although both men and women engage in domestic violence, men typically do more damage than their female partners.

Question 25

Between 1960 and 2009, the percentage of U.S. children born to unmarried mothers

A) decreased from 5 percent to 1 percent.
B) stayed about the same.
C) increased from 5 percent to 40.6 percent.
D) increased from 5 percent to 74.3 percent.

Question 26

Studies show that spouses who grew up with divorced parents, lived together before they got married, and were emotionally insecure had higher quality marriages.

Question 27

The percentage of Americans who think gay sex is wrong has dropped.

Question 28

Marital adjustment ratings typically fall after the birth of a first child.

Question 29

In modern societies, the concept of the "family" is

A) increasingly easy to distinguish from "nonfamilies."
B) increasingly difficult to define.
C) typified by the "Leave it to Beaver" model.
D) characterized more by the kin group.

Question 30

Most divorced people do not remarry.

Question 31

Same-sex marriage is legal in Belgium, Denmark, and the Netherlands.

Question 32

In 2009 in the United States, more than 80 percent of married women with children under six were in the labor force.

Question 33

Sociologists would call you, your parents, and your siblings your family of procreation.

Question 34

In the United States today, people are marrying later and are less likely to divorce than they were 30 years ago.

Question 35

Sociologists have traditionally viewed the ___________ as a social group whose members are related by ancestry, marriage, or adoption and who live together, cooperate economically, and care for the young.

A) family
B) peer group
C) secondary group
D) in-group

Question 36

The number of Americans living alone declined between 1970 and 2000.

Question 37

More than one American youngster in four lives with just one parent.

Question 38

Women who work outside the home still spend significantly more time on housework than men spend on housework.

Question 39

In the United States, the family model of a married couple, breadwinner husband and homemaker wife, and children now is

A) the majority of the nation's households.
B) a growing number of the nation's households.
C) about half of the nation's households.
D) about 20 percent of the nation's households.

Question 40

In various cultures, newly married couples may live with the husband's family, the wife's family, or independent of relatives, patterns that sociologists refer to as patrilocal, matrilocal, or indelocal.

Question 41

In the ____________ family, spouses and their offspring constitute the core relationship.

A) patrilocal
B) nuclear
C) extended
D) matrilineal

Question 42

Patrilocal, matrilocal, and neolocal refer to

A) patterns of tracing one's biological descent.
B) patterns of family decision-making.
C) where a couple resides after marriage.
D) the number and kind of sexual partners a couple has prior to marriage.

Question 43

Egalitarian power arrangements in the family

A) distribute power equally between wife and husband.
B) have never existed in the United States.
C) give power only to the husband.
D) give power only to the wife.

Question 44

The family of __________ consists of oneself and one's father, mother, and siblings.

A) orientation
B) procreation
C) socialization
D) recreation

Question 45

________________ refers to a socially approved sexual union between two or more individuals that is undertaken with some idea of permanence.

A) Marriage
B) The nuclear family
C) Endogamy
D) Exogamy

Question 46

Exogamy is the requirement that

A) people must marry a person of the same sex.
B) marriage must occur outside a group such as a kin group.
C) people must marry someone closer in kin to them than a first cousin.
D) a brother must marry his sister.

Question 47

Polyandry is defined as

A) a wife with multiple male characteristics.
B) one wife and two or more husbands.
C) one husband and two or more wives.
D) two or more husbands and two or more wives in a single marriage.

Question 48

Americans typically find that they are members of two nuclear families. These are families of

A) orientation and procreation.
B) kin and other distant relatives.
C) matrilinearity and patrilinearity.
D) exogamy and endogamy.

Question 49

When the social norms require that we marry within our group (race, class, religion, region), this is called

A) endogamy.
B) tyranny.
C) exogamy.
D) monogamy.

Question 50

The vesting of power in women for family decision-making is called

A) matrilineal authority.
B) matriarchal authority.
C) matricentric authority.
D) matrilocal authority.

Question 51

Families vary in terms of their descent patterns. These may be

A) patrilocal, matrilocal, or neolocal.
B) endogamous, heterogamous, or exogamous.
C) patrilineal, matrilineal, or bilineal.
D) nuclear, orientation, or procreation.

Question 52

The family that consists of oneself and one's spouse and children constitutes what sociologists refer to as the

A) family of orientation.
B) family of procreation.
C) family of socialization.
D) family of sociobiology.

Question 53

Sociologists have found that industrialization

A) possibly encouraged the formation of extended family households in the early industrialization of the United States.
B) had no effect on the prevalence of the extended family.
C) had an adverse effect on the status of the extended family.
D) increased the need for patrilineal families.

Question 54

________________ were once singled out by social scientists as the only universal norm in the world, but they have since been found not to exist among the ancient Egyptians.

A) Homicides
B) Sex crimes
C) Incest taboos
D) Polygamous relationships

Question 55

Sociologists see the family as a

A) biological unit.
B) social construct.
C) miniature society.
D) social unit made up of one man, one woman, and any children they produce.

Question 56

Cross-cultural research found that one of the least preferred or least ideal types of marriage around the world is

A) monogamy.
B) polygamy.
C) patrilineal marriages.
D) matrilineal marriages.

Question 57

The ____________ family pattern is one in which kin provide the core relationship.

A) patrilocal
B) nuclear
C) extended
D) matrilineal

Question 58

Polygyny

A) refers to the number of sexual partners a man may have while married to one woman.
B) is not legal but does exist in the United States.
C) is the same as group marriage.
D) represents freedom of sexual choice for women.

Question 59

The family unit that emphasizes kinship and common ancestry is the

A) secondary family.
B) nuclear family.
C) extended family.
D) hybridized family.

Question 60

Societies trace descent and pass property from one generation to the next in one of three ways. The patterns are

A) patrilocal, matrilocal, and neolocal.
B) matrilineal, patrilineal, and bilineal.
C) egalitarian, patriarchal, and matriarchal.
D) homogamy, exogamy, and endogamy.

Question 61

Studies indicate that while stepparents attempt to re-create a traditional family, they actually function differently than a traditional family because

A) stepparents argue less than biological parents.
B) stepchildren always have psychological problems.
C) stepchildren increase the likelihood that the parents will divorce.
D) stepparents and stepchildren have not had a mutual history or previous opportunity to bond.

Question 62

A consistent research finding is that the psychological well-being of parents is

A) a lot worse than that of childless couples.
B) a little worse than that of childless couples.
C) a lot better than that of childless couples.
D) a little better than that of childless couples.

Question 63

According to sociological studies of the "empty nest" period,

A) most couples do not experience difficulty with this stage in the family life cycle.
B) the majority of couples experience this stage as a time of financial hardship.
C) this is typically a period of great turmoil and unhappiness for middle-aged women.
D) family members are unable to get along during this time.

Question 64

Nuclear families that are not disrupted by divorce, desertion, or death typically pass through a series of changes across time that sociologists call

A) the procreation pattern.
B) the family life course.
C) the family of orientation period.
D) the birth cohort experience.

Question 65

When women work full-time outside the home,

A) they bring home less money than if they worked part time.
B) they still maintain the primary responsibility for household tasks and childcare.
C) they are less likely than fathers to take time off if their children become ill.
D) it relieves them of all their housework and childrearing responsibilities.

Question 66

Exchange theory suggests that people may

A) like those who punish him or her and dislike those who reward him or her.
B) like those who reward him or her and dislike those who punish him or her.
C) be unattracted to people who are different.
D) tend to marry those with whom we share gift-giving on equal terms.

Question 67

Education is related to age of marriage in that

A) women without college degrees are more likely to marry in their 30s and 40s.
B) women with college degrees are more likely to marry in their 30s and 40s.
C) women with college degrees are more likely to marry in their 20s.
D) women without college degrees are more likely to remain unmarried.

Question 68

The importance of marriage to family life appears to differ among racial and ethnic groups. Which of the following lists groups from highest percentage of single-parent families to lowest?

A) Hispanic, white, African American, Asian
B) Asian, white, Hispanic, African American
C) African American, Hispanic, white, Asian
D) African American, Hispanic, Asian, white

Question 69

Child marriage, social isolation, close supervision, and social pressure have been utilized as ways to

A) make young people fall in love.
B) lower homicide rates within the family structure.
C) get the young to look after the old.
D) control romantic love.

Question 70

A study of the quality of people's marriages showed that a happy marriage is characterized by

A) the husband and wife having lived together before marriage.
B) the husband and wife having grown up with divorced parents.
C) later age at marriage and shared decision making.
D) being tentative about the permanence of marriage.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT true?

A) Divorce is legal all over the world.
B) Cohabitation is more common in some countries than in others.
C) Family size differs around the world.
D) Most adults feel that a child should be raised with both a mother and a father.

Question 72

In 2008, _______ percent of women with children under six years of age were employed outside the home.

A) between 25 and 30
B) between 35 and 50
C) more than 60
D) more than 75

Question 73

We tend to select marital partners

A) who are far more physically attractive than we are.
B) who are generally less physically attractive than we are.
C) who are similar in physical attractiveness to ourselves.
D) almost totally on the basis of personality and temperament.

Question 74

Which of the following factors is more important to the social behaviors, language, and cognitive development of children?

A) Reading readiness programs at day care center.
B) Parent and family characteristics.
C) Size of classroom in day care center.
D) Teacher:child ratio at day care center.

Question 75

The family life course

A) begins with the birth of the first child.
B) begins with the husband-wife pair.
C) ends when children leave home.
D) ends when the last member of the family dies.

Question 76

________________ refers to the tendency to marry people like ourselves (for example, similar age, race, religion, and education level).

A) Homosexuality
B) Homogamy
C) Monogamy
D) Polygamy

Question 77

The ____________ contends that a person does best with a mate who has traits that differ from but still provide a sense of completeness to his or her own traits.

A) complementary needs perspective
B) principle of most interest
C) homogamy principle
D) matching hypothesis

Question 78

Which of the following describes U.S. family trends?

A) Compared to 30 years ago, people are marrying later and are less likely to divorce.
B) Compared to 30 years ago, people are marrying earlier and are less likely to divorce.
C) Compared to 30 years ago, people are marrying later and are more likely to divorce.
D) Compared to 30 years ago, people are marrying earlier and are more likely to divorce.

Question 79

The ___________ argues that we get the greatest payoff at the least cost by choosing a mate who is very much like ourselves.

A) complementary needs perspective
B) principle of most interest
C) the heterogamy principle
D) the matching hypothesis

Question 80

The Greeks saw romantic love as

A) a necessary component of healthy marriages.
B) a process that follows a rational path leading to marriage.
C) diseased hysteria.
D) an animalistic lusting that knew no bounds.